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Majeed A, Zafar A, Mushtaq Z, Iqbal MA. Advances in gold catalyzed synthesis of quinoid heteroaryls. RSC Adv 2024; 14:21047-21064. [PMID: 38962094 PMCID: PMC11220603 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03368j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This review explores recent advancements in synthesizing quinoid heteroaryls, namely quinazoline and quinoline, vital in chemistry due to their prevalence in natural products and pharmaceuticals. It emphasizes the rapid, highly efficient, and economically viable synthesis achieved through gold-catalyzed cascade protocols. By investigating methodologies and reaction pathways, the review underscores exceptional yields attainable in the synthesis of quinoid heteroaryls. It offers valuable insights into accessing these complex structures through efficient synthetic routes. Various strategies, including cyclization, heteroarylation, cycloisomerization, cyclo-condensation, intermolecular and intramolecular cascade reactions, are covered, highlighting the versatility of gold-catalyzed approaches. The comprehensive compilation of different synthetic approaches and elucidation of reaction mechanisms contribute to a deeper understanding of the field. This review paves the way for future advancements in synthesizing quinoid heteroaryls and their applications in drug discovery and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Zanira Mushtaq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
- Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
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2
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Chikunova EI, Kukushkin VY, Dubovtsev AY. Non-Friedländer Route to Diversely 3-Substituted Quinolines through Au(III)-Catalyzed Annulation Involving Electron-Deficient Alkynes. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38016092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Gold(III)-catalyzed annulation of electron-deficient alkynes and 2-amino-arylcarbonyls provides general modular one-step access to a broad scope of quinoline products. This highly selective reaction is a useful alternative to the classic Friedländer synthesis, which requires harsh reaction conditions. In contrast, the developed method works under relatively mild PicAuCl2-catalyzed conditions and exhibits a high functional group tolerance (40 examples; yields of ≤96%). Another feature of the developed approach is a versatility toward other electron-deficient alkynes. Alkynylsulfones, alkynylcarbonyls, alkynylphosphonates, propiolonitriles, and trifluoromethylated alkynes can be used as the starting materials for the preparation of quinolines diversely substituted at position 3. On the basis of experimental data, we proposed a reaction mechanism in which gold(III) functions as a strong electrophilic activator of the C≡C bond and the carbonyl group. The synthetic potential of the presented method is additionally illustrated by practical postmodifications of the obtained compounds, including a two-step synthesis of interpirdine, a potent drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I Chikunova
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Institute of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Altai State University, 656049 Barnaul, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Yu Dubovtsev
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Lin TC, Chan CK, Chung YH, Wang CC. Environmentally friendly Nafion-catalyzed synthesis of 3-substituted isoquinoline by using hexamethyldisilazane as a nitrogen source under microwave irradiation. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7316-7326. [PMID: 37531171 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01032e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
This study developed an eco-friendly method to synthesize 3-arylisoquinoline from 2-alkynylbenzaldehydes using Nafion® NR50 as an acidic catalyst and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) as a nitrogen source. The reaction proceeded via a 6-exo-dig cyclization under microwave irradiation, giving the corresponding isoquinolines in excellent yields. The advantages of this protocol include: (1) the use of recyclable acid catalysts, (2) transition-metal-free catalysis, and (3) the effective formation of the target product. These features make this methodology a promising approach for the sustainable and efficient synthesis of 3-arylisoquinoline. Some structures were also confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Chieh-Kai Chan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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Malkova K, Bubyrev A, Kalinin S, Dar’in D. Facile access to 3-sulfonylquinolines via Knoevenagel condensation/aza-Wittig reaction cascade involving ortho-azidobenzaldehydes and β-ketosulfonamides and sulfones. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:800-807. [PMID: 37346493 PMCID: PMC10280061 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoline-based sulfonyl derivatives, and especially sulfonamides, are relevant and promising structures for drug design. We have developed a new convenient protocol for the synthesis of 3-sulfonyl-substituted quinolines (sulfonamides and sulfones). The approach is based on a Knoevenagel condensation/aza-Wittig reaction cascade involving o-azidobenzaldehydes and ketosulfonamides or ketosulfones as key building blocks. The protocol is appropriate for both ketosulfonyl reagents and α-sulfonyl-substituted alkyl acetates providing the target quinoline derivatives in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Malkova
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Bubyrev
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav Kalinin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Dar’in
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
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Chan CK, Chung YH, Wang CC. TMSOTf-mediated Kröhnke pyridine synthesis using HMDS as the nitrogen source under microwave irradiation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8263-8273. [PMID: 35424740 PMCID: PMC8982443 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient protocol for the preparation of pyridine skeletons has been successfully developed involving the TMSOTf/HMDS (trifluoromethanesulfonic acid/hexamethyldisilane) system for the intermolecular cyclization of chalcones under MW (microwave) irradiation conditions. This method provides a facile approach to synthesize 2,4,6-triaryl or 3-benzyl-2,4,6-triarylpyridines in good to excellent yields. Interestingly, the 2,6-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene core was obtained by changing the acid additive to Sn(OTf)2, and the desired product was also confirmed using X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. A Kröhnke pyridine synthetic route towards functionalized TAPs and 3-benzyl TAPs has been established using TMSOTf/HMDS under microwave irradiation conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Kai Chan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
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Chan CK, Chung YH, Wang CC. Acid-controlled multicomponent selective synthesis of 2,4,6-triaryl pyridines and pyrimidines by using hexamethyldisilazane as a nitrogen source under microwave irradiation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:27281-27291. [PMID: 36276015 PMCID: PMC9513438 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04739j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and general protocol for the synthesis of functionalized 2,4,6-triaryl pyridines and pyrimidines was developed from commercially available aromatic ketones, aldehydes and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) as a nitrogen source under microwave irradiation. In this multicomponent synthetic route, Lewis acids play an important role in selectively synthesizing six-membered heterocycles, including pyridines (1N) and pyrimidines (2N), by involving [2 + 1 + 2 + 1] or [2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1] annulated processes. Synthesis of pyrimidines and pyridines from commercially available ketones and aldehydes by using hexamethyldisilazane as a nitrogen source and controlled by acids under microwave irradiation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Kai Chan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Asressu KH, Chan CK, Wang CC. TMSOTf-catalyzed synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles using hexamethyldisilazane as a nitrogen source under neat and microwave irradiation conditions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28061-28071. [PMID: 35480777 PMCID: PMC9039414 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05802a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of drug discovery and development, an efficient and expedient synthetic method for imidazole-based small molecules from commercially available and cheap starting materials has great significance. Herein, we developed a TMSOTf-catalyzed synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles through the reaction of 1,2-diketones and aldehydes using hexamethyldisilazane as a nitrogen source under microwave heating and solvent-free conditions. The chemical structures of representative trisubstituted imidazoles were confirmed using X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. This synthetic method has several advantages including the involvement of mild Lewis acid, being metal- and additive-free, wide substrate scope with good to excellent yields and short reaction time. Furthermore, we demonstrate the application of the methodology in the synthesis of biologically active imidazole-based drugs. Trisubstituted imidazoles are synthesized efficiently from the readily available 1,2-diketones and aldehydes using hexamethyldisilazane as a new and stable nitrogen source under TMSOTf-catalysis system, microwave heating and solvent-free conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chieh-Kai Chan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
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Environmentally Friendly Nafion-Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted 2-Ethyl-3-Methylquinolines from Aniline and Propionaldehyde under Microwave Irradiation. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a facile synthetic methodology for the preparation of 2,3-dialkylquinolines from anilines and propionaldehydes. This cyclization involved environmentally friendly Nafion® NR50 as an acidic catalyst with microwave irradiation as the heating source. A series of substituted 2-ethyl-3-methylquinolines were prepared from various anilines and propionaldehyde derivatives through this protocol with good to excellent yields. Some new chemical structures were confirmed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis and the related data were provided. The plausible reaction mechanism studies are also discussed.
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Jannapu Reddy R, Haritha Kumari A, Kumar JJ. Recent advances in the synthesis and applications of β-keto sulfones: new prospects for the synthesis of β-keto thiosulfones. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3087-3118. [PMID: 33885563 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00111f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This review mainly focuses on recent developments in the preparation of β-keto sulfones and their extensive synthetic applications. New prospects for the synthesis of β-keto thiosulfones have also been highlighted. Over the last decade, there has been exponential growth in the direct construction of β-keto sulfones using a wide variety of keto and sulfonyl precursors. Of note, the most promising photoredox transformations and electrochemical synthesis methods of β-keto sulfones are also presented. Moreover, β-keto sulfones are versatile building blocks in organic synthesis due to their three essential functional groups: sulfonyl, carbonyl, and active methylene moieties. The convenient preparation of β-keto sulfones allows the synthesis of many valuable carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds, and the effortless removal of the sulfonyl moiety via transformations is supported. The chemistry of β-keto sulfones (2013 to present) can be divided into several sections based on the sulfonyl surrogates, and ubiquitous synthetic strategies were systematically outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Jannapu Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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Asressu K, Chan CK, Wang CC. One-Pot Synthesis of 1,5-Diketones under a Transition-Metal-Free Condition: Application in the Synthesis of 2,4,6-Triaryl Pyridine Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7296-7311. [PMID: 33778244 PMCID: PMC7992091 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We developed a facile and green one-pot synthetic method for substituted 1,3,5-triaryl-1,5-diketones by Claisen-Schmidt condensation following Michael addition reaction of aryl ketones and aryl aldehydes under a transition-metal-free condition. This convenient one-pot synthetic strategy has several advantages, including being transition-metal-free, having no extra additives or reagents, having a broad substrate scope, having a high isolated yield, having a minimum amount of base employment, having a shorter reaction time, use of cheap starting materials, cost-effectiveness, and being environment friendly. Some of the chemical structures of 1,5-diketones were confirmed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. The application of 1,5-diketones was demonstrated in the preparation of 2,4,6-triaryl pyridine derivatives under a catalyst-free system using ammonium acetate as a nitrogen source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chieh-Kai Chan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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11
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Mi Y, Zhao C, Xue S, Ding N, Du Y, Su H, Li S, Pang S. Highly Selective Separation Intermediate-Size Anionic Pollutants from Smaller and Larger Analogs via Thermodynamically and Kinetically Cooperative-Controlled Crystallization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003243. [PMID: 33747732 PMCID: PMC7967070 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Selective separation of organic species, particularly that of intermediate-size ones from their analogs, remains challenging because of their similar structures and properties. Here, a novel strategy is presented, cooperatively (thermodynamically and kinetically) controlled crystallization for the highly selective separation of intermediate-size anionic pollutants from their analogs in water through one-pot construction of cationic metal-organic frameworks (CMOFs) with higher stabilities and faster crystallization, which are based on the target anions as charge-balancing anions. 4,4'-azo-triazole and Cu2+ are chosen as suitable ligand and metal ion for CMOF construction because they can form stronger intermolecular interaction with p-toluenesulfonate anion (Ts-) compared to its analogs. For this combination, a condition is established, under which the crystallization rate of a Ts--based CMOF is remarkably high while those of analog-based CMOFs are almost zero. As a result, the faster crystallization and higher stability cooperatively endow the cationic framework with a close-to-100% selectivity for Ts- over its analogs in two-component mixtures, and this preference is retained in a practical mixture containing more than seven competing (analogs and inorganic) anions. The nature of the free Ts- anion in the cationic framework also allows the resultant CMOF to be recyclable via anion exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Mi
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Chaofeng Zhao
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Xue
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Yao Du
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Hui Su
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Shenghua Li
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
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Fu J, Yan L, Wang S, Song H, Gu Q, Zhang Y. Microwave-assisted synthesis and luminescent properties of triphenylamine substituted mono- and di- branched benzimidazole derivatives. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Chan CK, Lai CY, Wang CC. TMSOTf-catalyzed synthesis of substituted quinazolines using hexamethyldisilazane as a nitrogen source under neat and microwave irradiation conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7201-7212. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01507e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthetic route for the synthesis of substituted quinazolines under neat, metal-free and microwave irradiation conditions has been developed by using TMSOTf as an acid catalyst and HMDS as a nitrogen source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chien-Yu Lai
- Institute of Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 115
- Taiwan
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