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Moon KS, Song JM, Yi J, Pham QK, Ahn SH. Determination of mitomycin C in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application for determining pharmacokinetics in rat. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32927. [PMID: 38988565 PMCID: PMC11233998 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To develop the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for measuring mitomycin C in rat plasma, samples were processed using solid-phase extraction, with the internal standard being carbamazepine. A reversed phased C18 column was utilized for the LC-MS/MS study, and mobile phases consisting of 0.1 % formic acid in acetonitrile and water were injected into it at a rate of 0.3 mL/min. Multiple reaction monitoring in positive-ion mode with precursor-product ion pairs 335.3 → 242.3 (mitomycin C) and 237.1 → 194.1 (carbamazepine) was employed to quantify the compounds. The linear range in plasma was found to be 10-4000 ng/mL (r2 = 0.992). The inter-batch and intra-batch precision were <14.3 % (LLOQ: 14.7 %) and 13.4 % (LLOQ: 16.1 %), respectively. The recovery and the matrix effect of mitomycin C in plasma were 113 % and 111 %, respectively. Mitomycin C was stable under the conditions of this assay method. In the end, this approach proved effective in a pharmacokinetic investigation with the intravenous and oral administration of mitomycin C to rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Sun Moon
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwondo, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Song
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwondo, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - JiMin Yi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwondo, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Quynh Khoa Pham
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwondo, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Ahn
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwondo, 24341, Republic of Korea
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Wang F, Zhang G, Xu T, Ma J, Wang J, Liu S, Tang Y, Jin S, Li J, Xing N. High and selective cytotoxicity of ex vivo expanded allogeneic human natural killer cells from peripheral blood against bladder cancer: implications for natural killer cell instillation after transurethral resection of bladder tumor. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:24. [PMID: 38245792 PMCID: PMC10799482 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-02955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) followed by intravesical instillation of chemotherapy or Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy. However, these treatments have a high recurrence rate and side effects, emphasizing the need for alternative instillations. Previously, we revealed that expanded allogeneic human natural killer (NK) cells from peripheral blood are a promising cellular therapy for prostate cancer. However, whether NK cells exhibit a similar killing effect in bladder cancer (BCa) remains unknown. METHODS Expansion, activation, and cryopreservation of allogeneic human NK cells obtained from peripheral blood were performed as we previously described. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated using the cell counting kit-8. The levels of perforin, granzyme B, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and chemokines (C-C-motif ligand [CCL]1, CCL2, CCL20, CCL3L1, and CCL4; C-X-C-motif ligand [CXCL]1, CXCL16, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL8; and X-motif ligand 1 and 2) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of CD107a, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), MHC-I polypeptide-related sequences A and B (MICA/B), cytomegalovirus UL16-binding protein-2/5/6 (ULBP-2/5/6), B7-H6, CD56, CD69, CD25, killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR)2DL1, KIRD3DL1, NKG2D, NKp30, NKp46, and CD16 of NK cells or BCa and normal urothelial cells were detected using flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using lactate dehydrogenase assay in patient-derived organoid models. BCa growth was monitored in vivo using calipers in male NOD-scid IL2rg-/- mice subcutaneously injected with 5637 and NK cells. Differential gene expressions were investigated using RNA sequence analysis. The chemotaxis of T cells was evaluated using transwell migration assays. RESULTS We revealed that the NK cells possess higher cytotoxicity against BCa lines with more production of cytokines than normal urothelial cells counterparts in vitro, demonstrated by upregulation of degranulation marker CD107a and increased interferon-γ secretion, by MICA/B/NKG2D and B7H6/NKp30-mediated activation. Furthermore, NK cells demonstrated antitumor effects against BCa in patient-derived organoids and BCa xenograft mouse models. NK cells secreted chemokines, including CCL1/2/20, to induce T-cell chemotaxis when encountering BCa cells. CONCLUSIONS The expanded NK cells exhibit potent cytotoxicity against BCa cells, with few toxic side effects on normal urothelial cells. In addition, NK cells recruit T cells by secreting a panel of chemokines, which supports the translational application of NK cell intravesical instillation after TURBT from bench to bedside for NMIBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Wang
- Department of Urology, Tsinghua University Affiliated Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University Clinical Institute, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tsinghua University Affiliated Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University Clinical Institute, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Tianli Xu
- BOE Regenerative Medicine Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Jianlin Ma
- BOE Regenerative Medicine Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Jing Wang
- BOE Regenerative Medicine Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- BOE Regenerative Medicine Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yuzhe Tang
- Department of Urology, Tsinghua University Affiliated Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University Clinical Institute, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Urology, Tsinghua University Affiliated Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University Clinical Institute, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Jianxing Li
- Department of Urology, Tsinghua University Affiliated Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University Clinical Institute, Beijing, 102218, China.
| | - Nianzeng Xing
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Zabihi S, Bakhshpour M, Çalışır M, Topçu AA, Denizli A. Preparation of molecular imprinted injectable polymeric micro cryogels for control release of mitomycin C. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Qi L, Liu C, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Duan H, Zhao H, Xin X, Chen L, Jin M, Guan Y, Gao Z, Huang W. Development of Mitomycin C-Loaded Nanoparticles Prepared Using the Micellar Assembly Driven by the Combined Effect of Hydrogen Bonding and π-π Stacking and Its Therapeutic Application in Bladder Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1776. [PMID: 34834192 PMCID: PMC8624376 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Micelle is mainly used for drug delivery and is prepared from amphiphilic block copolymers. It can be formed into an obvious core-shell structure that can incorporate liposoluble drugs. However, micelles are not suitable for the encapsulation of water-soluble drugs, and it is also difficult to maintain stability in the systemic circulation. To solve these problems, a type of polymer material, Fmoc-Lys-PEG and Fmoc-Lys-PEG-RGD, was designed and synthesized. These copolymers could self-assemble into micelles driven by π-π stacking and the hydrophobic interaction of 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbony (Fmoc) and, at the same time, form a framework for a hydrogen-bonding environment in the core. Mitomycin C (MMC), as a water-soluble drug, can be encapsulated into micelles by hydrogen-bonding interactions. The interaction force between MMC and the polymers was analyzed by molecular docking simulation and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). It was concluded that the optimal binding conformation can be obtained, and that the main force between the MMC and polymers is hydrogen bonding. Different types of MMC nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared and the physicochemical properties of them were systematically evaluated. The pharmacodynamics of the MMC NPs in vitro and in vivo were also studied. The results show that MMC NPs had a high uptake efficiency, could promote cell apoptosis, and had a strong inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. More importantly, the as-prepared NPs could effectively induce tumor cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Yingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Zheao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Hongxia Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Heming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Xin Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Liqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Mingji Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Youyan Guan
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhonggao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.); (H.Z.); (X.X.); (L.C.); (M.J.)
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Kaur J, Mishra V, Singh SK, Gulati M, Kapoor B, Chellappan DK, Gupta G, Dureja H, Anand K, Dua K, Khatik GL, Gowthamarajan K. Harnessing amphiphilic polymeric micelles for diagnostic and therapeutic applications: Breakthroughs and bottlenecks. J Control Release 2021; 334:64-95. [PMID: 33887283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic block copolymers are widely utilized in the design of formulations owing to their unique physicochemical properties, flexible structures and functional chemistry. Amphiphilic polymeric micelles (APMs) formed from such copolymers have gained attention of the drug delivery scientists in past few decades for enhancing the bioavailability of lipophilic drugs, molecular targeting, sustained release, stimuli-responsive properties, enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reducing drug associated toxicity. Their properties including ease of surface modification, high surface area, small size, and enhanced permeation as well as retention (EPR) effect are mainly responsible for their utilization in the diagnosis and therapy of various diseases. However, some of the challenges associated with their use are premature drug release, low drug loading capacity, scale-up issues and their poor stability that need to be addressed for their wider clinical utility and commercialization. This review describes comprehensively their physicochemical properties, various methods of preparation, limitations followed by approaches employed for the development of optimized APMs, the impact of each preparation technique on the physicochemical properties of the resulting APMs as well as various biomedical applications of APMs. Based on the current scenario of their use in treatment and diagnosis of diseases, the directions in which future studies need to be carried out to explore their full potential are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskiran Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | | | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gopal L Khatik
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Bijnor-Sisendi road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226301, India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience & Technology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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