1
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Menichetti A, Mordini D, Vicenzi S, Montalti M. Melanin for Photoprotection and Hair Coloration in the Emerging Era of Nanocosmetics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5862. [PMID: 38892049 PMCID: PMC11172709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is revolutionizing fields of high social and economic impact. such as human health preservation, energy conversion and storage, environmental decontamination, and art restoration. However, the possible global-scale application of nanomaterials is raising increasing concerns, mostly related to the possible toxicity of materials at the nanoscale. The possibility of using nanomaterials in cosmetics, and hence in products aimed to be applied directly to the human body, even just externally, is strongly debated. Preoccupation arises especially from the consideration that nanomaterials are mostly of synthetic origin, and hence are often seen as "artificial" and their effects as unpredictable. Melanin, in this framework, is a unique material since in nature it plays important roles that specific cosmetics are aimed to cover, such as photoprotection and hair and skin coloration. Moreover, melanin is mostly present in nature in the form of nanoparticles, as is clearly observable in the ink of some animals, like cuttlefish. Moreover, artificial melanin nanoparticles share the same high biocompatibility of the natural ones and the same unique chemical and photochemical properties. Melanin is hence a natural nanocosmetic agent, but its actual application in cosmetics is still under development, also because of regulatory issues. Here, we critically discuss the most recent examples of the application of natural and biomimetic melanin to cosmetics and highlight the requirements and future steps that would improve melanin-based cosmetics in the view of future applications in the everyday market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Menichetti
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.); (D.M.); (S.V.)
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Dario Mordini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.); (D.M.); (S.V.)
| | - Silvia Vicenzi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.); (D.M.); (S.V.)
| | - Marco Montalti
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.); (D.M.); (S.V.)
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, 47921 Rimini, Italy
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2
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Jia D, Shen Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Su R, Qi W. Colorful Pigments Based on Multicomponent Metal‐Phenol Network Nanoparticles for Hair Dyeing. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongshuang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Yuhe Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xuelin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Rongxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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3
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Cui H, Xie W, Hua Z, Cao L, Xiong Z, Tang Y, Yuan Z. Recent Advancements in Natural Plant Colorants Used for Hair Dye Applications: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27228062. [PMID: 36432162 PMCID: PMC9692289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an on-going demand in recent years for safer and "greener" hair coloring agents with the global consumer awareness of the adverse effects of synthetic hair dyes. The belief in sustainability and health benefits has focused the attention of the scientific community towards natural colorants that serve to replace their synthetic toxic counterparts. This review article encompasses the historical applications of a vast array of natural plant hair dyes and summarizes the possible coloration mechanisms (direct dyeing and mordant dyeing). Current information on phytochemicals (quinones, tannins, flavonoids, indigo, curcuminoids and carotenoids) used for hair dyeing are summarized, including their botanical sources, color chemistry and biological/toxicological activities. A particular focus is given on research into new natural hair dye sources along with eco-friendly, robust and cost-effective technologies for their processing and applications, such as the synthetic biology approach for colorant production, encapsulation techniques for stabilization and the development of inorganic nanocarriers. In addition, innovative in vitro approaches for the toxicological assessments of natural hair dye cosmetics are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wenjing Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhongjie Hua
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lihua Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ziyi Xiong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhiqin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (Z.Y.)
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4
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Zhou X, Gao S, Huang D, Lu Z, Guan Y, Zou L, Hu K, Zhao Z, Zhang Y. Bioinspired, Ultra-fast Polymerization of Dopamine Under Mild Conditions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200581. [PMID: 35881763 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous oxidative polymerization of dopamine (DA) has been widely exploited as a facile and versatile method for surface modification. However, the reaction is very slow and only occurs in alkaline solutions, which severely limit its applications. Herein we report that the reaction can be dramatically accelerated by using Fe2+ as catalyst. While it takes hours and days using conventional method, the Fe2+ -catalyzed reaction finishes almost immediately at pH 7.0. In addition, under the catalysis of Fe2+ , the reaction can occur at a pH down to 4.0. The fast Fe2+ -catalyzed polymerization of DA leads to fast deposition of polydopamine (PDA) coating, thus allowing fast surface modification and textile dyeing. The Fe2+ -catalyzed reaction also allows spatial control over the PDA deposition. The fast, simple and mild surface modification method developed here will find applications in numerous fields. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Sijia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Di Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Zhengbo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Ying Guan
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Keling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China.,Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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5
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Zheng C, Huang J, Li T, Wang Y, Jiang J, Zhang X, Huang L, Xia B, Dong W. Permanent Low-Toxicity Hair Dye Based on Pregrafting Melanin with Cystine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2858-2863. [PMID: 35706331 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A pregrafting strategy is presented to construct covalent bridges between synthetic melanin, i.e., polydopamine (PDA), and hair for permanent hair dyeing. As a result, PDA is more uniformly distributed throughout the hair surface, and the dyed hair shows higher color intensity and better durability to washing than the control samples dyed with PDA directly at the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ting Li
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lin Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bihua Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weifu Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
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6
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Arbab AH, Zaroug EE, Mudawi MME. Review on Plants with Traditional Uses and Bio-Activity Against Hair Graying. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083808666220208105012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Hair graying occurs worldwide, and it has a high impact on the self-esteem of an individual. Hair graying is a melanogenesis disorder that can be attributed to many factors, including age, oxidative stress, psychological stress, and malnutrition. Though there are effective p-phenylenediamine based hair dyes, they often cause allergy and systematic toxicity. Plants are popular a traditional remedy for the management of hair disorders. Due to their high chemical diversity, phytoproducts offer great promises to develop an effective and safe product to manage hair graying and melanogenesis disorders. The aim of the present article is to review plants with traditional uses and bio-activity against hair graying. An extensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases using many combinations of the following keywords: plants used to treat gray hair, natural products, hair graying, melanogenesis, pigmentation, and tyrosinase activity. This review documented about sixty-one plants, including a summary of 47 plants frequently used in traditional medicine, and a brief review of fourteen plants showing promising activity against hair graying. The active constituents and the mechanisms by which active constituents exert anti-hair graying effects were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Arbab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Elwaleed E. Zaroug
- Department of Phytochemistry and Natural Products, Northern Border University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan
| | - Mahmoud M. E. Mudawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan
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7
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Williams TN, Szymczyk M, Freeman HS. In situ Chelation of Monoazo Dyes in Human Hair Keratin Fibers Using Environmentally Benign Metal Ions. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6195-6202. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tova N. Williams
- Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, 1020 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Malgorzata Szymczyk
- Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, 1020 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Harold S. Freeman
- Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, 1020 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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8
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Shen Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Qi W, Su R, He Z. Colorful Pigments for Hair Dyeing Based on Enzymatic Oxidation of Tyrosine Derivatives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34851-34864. [PMID: 34260221 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Melanin exists widely in nature and can afford a variety of colors from black to brown and red according to chemical structure differences and specific mixtures. Inspired by nature, this work reports that tyrosine derivatives with different protecting groups at its N- or C-terminal can be enzymatically oxidized into melanin-like pigments with a wide range of colors. The emergence of colorful pigments can be attributed to the incomplete enzymatic oxidation and polymerization caused by the chemical premodification of the tyrosine molecule. The pigments can be deposited on the surface of the hair to obtain a series of colorful and saturated hair dye effects. Moreover, after the pigments were coated on the hair, we can further deposit silver nanoparticles through in situ reduction, making these coatings have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial potential, thereby expanding their potential use for people with low immunity or those who work in hospitals. This work proposes a green and effective way to synthesize colorful pigments with great potential applications in the hair dying and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Rongxin Su
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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9
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Yan X, Huang Y, Cen M, Wang J, Shi J, Lu B, Wang Y, Yao Y. Pillar[6]arene-based supramolecular polymeric materials constructed via electrostatic interactions for rapid and efficient organic dye removal from water. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1906-1909. [PMID: 36133081 PMCID: PMC9417795 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00938e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The first pillar[6]arene-based supramolecular polymeric material constructed from electrostatic interactions was designed and prepared successfully. Importantly, it can adsorb and remove organic dye from water efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu 226019 P. R. China
| | - Youyou Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu 226019 P. R. China
| | - Moupan Cen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu 226019 P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu 226019 P. R. China
| | - Jian Shi
- Nantong University Analysis & Testing Center Nantong Jiangsu 226019 P. R. China
| | - Bing Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu 226019 P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu 226019 P. R. China
| | - Yong Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu 226019 P. R. China
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10
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Iron Gall Ink Revisited: A Surfactant-Free Emulsion Technology for Black Hair-Dyeing Formulation. COSMETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the redox reactions in the preparation of the iron gall ink that has been used in Europe since the Middle Ages, we developed a technology for forming the oil-in-water emulsions, without any surfactants and emulsifiers, by homogenizing a mixture of tannic acid, gallic acid, Fe(D-gluconate)2, and natural oil, which are all approved as cosmetic ingredients. Various plant-derived oils, such as argan oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, grape seed oil, hemp seed oil, peppermint oil, rosemary oil, and ylang-ylang oil, were used as an oil phase for the emulsion formation, and all the fabricated emulsions exhibited the capability of black hair-dyeing. This surfactant-free emulsion technology for combining the hair-dyeing capability of Fe3+–tannin complex with the hair-fortifying property of natural oil would have great impact on the hair-cosmetic industry.
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11
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Pary F, Nelson L, Nelson TL. Drop the Toxins! Bioinspired Hair Dye Offers a Safer Alternative. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:2133-2135. [PMID: 33376776 PMCID: PMC7760062 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fathima
F. Pary
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Latasha
A. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Toby L. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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12
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Battistella C, McCallum NC, Gnanasekaran K, Zhou X, Caponetti V, Montalti M, Gianneschi NC. Mimicking Natural Human Hair Pigmentation with Synthetic Melanin. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1179-1188. [PMID: 32724852 PMCID: PMC7379382 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Human hair is naturally colored by melanin pigments, which afford myriad colors from black, to brown, to red depending on the chemical structures and specific blends. In recent decades, synthetic efforts have centered on dopamine oxidation to polydopamine, an effective eumelanin similar to the one found in humans. To date, only a few attempts at polydopamine deposition on human hair have been reported, and their translation to widespread usage and potential commercialization is still hampered by the harsh conditions employed. We reasoned that novel, mild, biocompatible approaches could be developed to establish a metal-free route to tunable, nature-inspired, long-lasting coloration of human hair. Herein, we describe synthetic and formulation routes to achieving this goal and show efficacy on a variety of human hair samples via multiple spectroscopic and imaging techniques. Owing to the mild and inexpensive conditions employed, this novel approach has the potential to replace classical harsh hair dyeing conditions that have raised concerns for several decades due to their potential toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Battistella
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, International
Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry
of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Naneki C. McCallum
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, International
Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry
of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karthikeyan Gnanasekaran
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, International
Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry
of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xuhao Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, International
Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry
of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Valeria Caponetti
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Montalti
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, International
Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry
of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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