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Yuan Y, Li M, Apostolopoulos V, Matsoukas J, Wolf WM, Blaskovich MAT, Bojarska J, Ziora ZM. Tetrazoles: A multi-potent motif in drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 279:116870. [PMID: 39316842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
The unique physicochemical properties and fascinating bioisosterism of tetrazole scaffolds have received significant attention in medicinal chemistry. We report recent efforts using tetrazoles in drug design strategies in this context. Despite the increasing prevalence of tetrazoles in FDA-approved drugs for various conditions such as cancer, bacterial viral and fungal infections, asthma, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, malaria, and tuberculosis, our understanding of their structure-activity relationships, multifunctional mechanisms, binding modes, and biochemical properties remains limited. We explore the potential of tetrazole bioisosteres in optimising lead molecules for innovative therapies, discussing applications, trends, advantages, limitations, and challenges. Additionally, we assess future research directions to drive further progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Muzi Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport, Immunology and Translational Research, Victoria University, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia; Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, 3021, Australia
| | - John Matsoukas
- New Drug, Patras Science Park, 26500 Patras, Greece; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 3030, Australia; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Wojciech M Wolf
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Joanna Bojarska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, Lodz, 90-924, Poland.
| | - Zyta M Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Jaiswal S, Verma K, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. Tetrazole derivatives in the management of neurological disorders: Recent advances on synthesis and pharmacological aspects. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116388. [PMID: 38614062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are the leading cause of a large number of mortalities and morbidities. Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds have been pivotal in exhibiting wide array of therapeutic applications. Among them, tetrazole is a ubiquitous class of organic heterocyclic compounds that have attracted much attention because of its unique structural and chemical properties, and a wide range of pharmacological activities comprising anti-convulsant effect, antibiotic, anti-allergic, anti-hypertensive to name a few. Owing to significant chemical and biological properties, the present review aimed at highlighting the recent advances in tetrazole derivatives with special emphasis on their role in the management of neurological diseases. Besides, in-depth structure-activity relationships, molecular docking studies, and associated modes of action of tetrazole derivatives evident in in vitro, in vivo preclinical, and clinical studies have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Kanika Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India.
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India.
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Verma A, Kaur B, Venugopal S, Wadhwa P, Sahu S, Kaur P, Kumar D, Sharma A. Tetrazole: A privileged scaffold for the discovery of anti-cancer agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:419-442. [PMID: 35713482 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoma, characterized by abnormal growth of cells and tissue, is a ubiquitously leading cause of mortality across the globe due to some carcinogenic factors. Currently, several anticancer agents are commercially available in the global market. However, due to their resistance and cost, researchers are gaining more interest in developing newer novel potential anticancer agents. In the search for new drugs for clinical use, the tetrazole ring system has emerged as an exciting prospect in the optimization studies of promising lead molecules. Among the various heterocyclic agents, tetrazole-containing compounds have shown significant promise in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, particularly cancer. Here, in this review, we focused on several synthetic approaches for the synthesis of tetrazole analogues, their targets for treating cancer along with the biological activity of some of the recently reported tetrazole-containing anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Balwinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Sneha Venugopal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Wadhwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjeev Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Paranjeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Ajit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
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Marandi A, Nasiri E, Koukabi N, Seidi F. The Fe 3O 4@apple seed starch core-shell structure decorated In(III): A green biocatalyst for the one-pot multicomponent synthesis of pyrazole-fused isocoumarins derivatives under solvent-free conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:61-71. [PMID: 34411618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In current decades, the fabrication and design of magnetic biocatalysts have been advancing as green catalysts. Hence, in this paper, we use the apple seed starch to create indium(III) immobilized on Fe3O4@apple seed starch core-shell magnetic nanocatalyst (Fe3O4@apple seed starch-In(III)). The prepared catalyst was identified and evaluated with several analysis techniques. The application of this catalyst in the synthesis of isochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-5(1H)-one derivates under solvent-free conditions was a new approach with high efficiency. Due to the magnetic nature of the catalyst, the catalyst separation from the reaction medium is easy, and it is reusable for five runs without significant change in catalytic activity. The fabrication of this catalyst is based on green chemistry principles and is more economical and stable than other catalysts in the synthesis of pyrazole-fused isocoumarins heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Marandi
- Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 35351-19111, Iran
| | - Erfan Nasiri
- Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 35351-19111, Iran
| | - Nadiya Koukabi
- Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 35351-19111, Iran.
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Ghamari Kargar P, Bagherzade G. The anchoring of a Cu(ii)-salophen complex on magnetic mesoporous cellulose nanofibers: green synthesis and an investigation of its catalytic role in tetrazole reactions through a facile one-pot route. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19203-19220. [PMID: 35478649 PMCID: PMC9033615 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01913a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, most synthetic methods are aimed at carrying out reactions under more efficient conditions and the realization of the twelve principles of green chemistry. Due to the importance and widespread applications of tetrazoles in various industries, especially in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, and the expansion of the use of nanocatalysts in the preparation of valuable chemical reaction products, we decided to use an (Fe3O4@NFC@NSalophCu)CO2H nanocatalyst in this project. In this study, the synthesis of the nanocatalyst (Fe3O4@NFC@NSalophCu)CO2H was explained in a step-by-step manner. Confirmation of the structure was obtained based on FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, VSM, DLS, TGA, H-NMR, and CHNO analyses. The catalyst was applied to the synthesis of 5-substituted-1H-tetrazole and 1-substituted-1H-tetrazole derivatives through multi-component reactions (MCRs), and the performance was assessed. With advances in science and technology and increasing environmental pollution, the use of reagents and methods that are less dangerous for the environment has received much attention. Therefore, following green chemistry principles, with the help of the (Fe3O4@NFC@NSalophCu)CO2H salen complex as a nanocatalyst that is recyclable, cheap, safe, and available, the use of water as a green solvent, and reduced reaction times, the synthesis of tetrazoles can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Ghamari Kargar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand Birjand 97175-615 Iran
| | - Ghodsieh Bagherzade
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand Birjand 97175-615 Iran +98 56 32345192 +98 56 32345192
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Banerjee M, Panjikar PC, Bhutia ZT, Bhosle AA, Chatterjee A. Micellar nanoreactors for organic transformations with a focus on “dehydration” reactions in water: A decade update. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mitra B, Ghosh P. Humic acid: A Biodegradable Organocatalyst for Solvent‐free Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes, Bis(pyrazolyl)methanes, Bis‐coumarins and Bis‐lawsones. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijeta Mitra
- Department of Chemistry University of North Bengal Dist. Darjeeling West Bengal India
| | - Pranab Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry University of North Bengal Dist. Darjeeling West Bengal India
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