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Shen Y, Xu R, Shan P, Zhang S, Sun L, Xie H, Guo F, Li C, Shi W. Abundant Edge Active Sites-Modified High-Crystalline g-C 3N 5 for Hydrogen Peroxide Production from Pure-Water via a Quasi-Homogeneous Photocatalytic Process. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401566. [PMID: 38752437 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Ultrathin carbon nitride pioneered a paradigm that facilitates effective charge separation and acceleration of rapid charge migration. Nevertheless, the dissociation process confronts a disruption owing to the proclivity of carbon nitride to reaggregate, thereby impeding the optimal utilization of active sites. In response to this exigency, the adoption of a synthesis methodology featuring alkaline potassium salt-assisted molten salt synthesis is advocated in this work, aiming to craft a nitrogenated graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N5) photocatalyst characterized by thin layer and hydrophilicity, which not only amplifies the degree of crystallization of g-C3N5 but also introduces a plethora of abundant edge active sites, engendering a quasi-homogeneous photocatalytic system. Under visible light irradiation, the ultra-high H2O2 production rate of this modified high-crystalline g-C3N5 in pure water attains 151.14 µm h-1. This groundbreaking study offers a novel perspective for the innovative design of highly efficient photocatalysts with a quasi-homogeneous photocatalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Rui Xu
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Pengnian Shan
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Shunhong Zhang
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd. Y2, 2nd Floor, Building 2, Xixi Legu Creative Pioneering Park, No. 712 Wen'er West Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Feng Guo
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Electrode Materials for Novel Solar Cells for Petroleum and Chemical Industry of China, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Weilong Shi
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, P. R. China
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Pérez-Torres A, Hernández-Barreto DF, Bernal V, Giraldo L, Moreno-Piraján JC, da Silva EA, Alves MDCM, Morais J, Hernandez Y, Cortés MT, Macías MA. Sulfur-Doped g-C 3N 4 Heterojunctions for Efficient Visible Light Degradation of Methylene Blue. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:47821-47834. [PMID: 38144128 PMCID: PMC10734029 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The discharge of synthetic dyes from different industrial sources has become a global issue of concern. Enormous amounts are released into wastewater each year, causing concerns due to the high toxic consequences. Photocatalytic semiconductors appear as a green and sustainable form of remediation. Among them, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been widely studied due to its low cost and ease of fabrication. In this work, the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic study over methylene blue of undoped, B/S-doped, and exfoliated heterojunctions of g-C3N4 are presented. The evaluation of the photocatalytic performance showed that exfoliated undoped/S-doped heterojunctions with 25, 50, and 75 mass % of S-doped (g-C3N4) present enhanced activity with an apparent reaction rate constant (kapp) of 1.92 × 10-2 min-1 for the 75% sample. These results are supported by photoluminescence (PL) experiments showing that this heterojunction presents the less probable electron-hole recombination. UV-vis diffuse reflectance and valence band-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (VB-XPS) allowed the calculation of the band-gap and the valence band positions, suggesting a band structure diagram describing a type I heterojunction. The photocatalytic activities calculated demonstrate that this property is related to the surface area and porosity of the samples, the semiconductor nature of the g-C3N4 structure, and, in this case, the heterojunction that modifies the band structure. These results are of great importance considering that scarce reports are found concerning exfoliated B/S-doped heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés
F. Pérez-Torres
- Crystallography
and Chemistry of Materials, CrisQuimMat, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C. 111711, Colombia
| | - Diego F. Hernández-Barreto
- Facultad
de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Grupo de Investigación
en Sólidos Porosos y Calorimetría, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá
D.C. 111711, Colombia
| | - Valentina Bernal
- Facultad
de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Grupo de Investigación
en Sólidos Porosos y Calorimetría, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá
D.C. 111711, Colombia
| | - Liliana Giraldo
- Facultad
de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Grupo de Calorimetría, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá 01, Bogotá D.C. 111321, Colombia
| | - Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján
- Facultad
de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Grupo de Investigación
en Sólidos Porosos y Calorimetría, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá
D.C. 111711, Colombia
| | - Edjan Alves da Silva
- Electron
Spectroscopy Lab (LEe-), Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Martins Alves
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade Federal
do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jonder Morais
- Electron
Spectroscopy Lab (LEe-), Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Yenny Hernandez
- Department
of Physics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C. 111711, Colombia
| | - María T. Cortés
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C. 111711, Colombia
| | - Mario A. Macías
- Crystallography
and Chemistry of Materials, CrisQuimMat, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C. 111711, Colombia
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Sewnet A, Alemayehu E, Abebe M, Mani D, Thomas S, Kalarikkal N, Lennartz B. Single-Step Synthesis of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanomaterials by Directly Calcining the Mixture of Urea and Thiourea: Application for Rhodamine B (RhB) Dye Degradation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:762. [PMID: 36839130 PMCID: PMC9961699 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been explored as a potential catalytic material for the removal of organic pollutants in wastewater. In this work, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalysts were synthesized using mixtures of low-cost, environment-friendly urea and thiourea as precursors by varying calcination temperatures ranging from 500 to 650 °C for 3 h in an air medium. Different analytical methods were used to characterize prepared g-C3N4 samples. The effects of different calcination temperatures on the structural, morphological, optical, and physiochemical properties of g-C3N4 photocatalysts were investigated. The results showed that rhodamine B (RhB) dye removal efficiency of g-C3N4 prepared at a calcination temperature of 600 °C exhibited 94.83% within 180 min visible LED light irradiation. Photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 was enhanced by calcination at higher temperatures, possibly by increasing crystallinity that ameliorated the separation of photoinduced charge carriers. Thus, controlling the type of precursors and calcination temperatures has a great impact on the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 towards the photodegradation of RhB dye. This investigation provides useful information about the synthesis of novel polymeric g-C3N4 photocatalysts using a mixture of two different environmentally benign precursors at high calcination temperatures for the photodegradation of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agidew Sewnet
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia
- Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Bonga University, Bonga P.O. Box 334, Ethiopia
| | - Esayas Alemayehu
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia
| | - Mulualem Abebe
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia
| | - Dhakshnamoorthy Mani
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
| | - Nandakumar Kalarikkal
- School of Pure and Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
| | - Bernd Lennartz
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-Von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Effects of the electron-beam-induced modification of g-C3N4 on its performance in photocatalytic organic dye decomposition. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2023.140320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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5
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Improvement in Structure and Visible Light Catalytic Performance of g-C3N4 Fabricated at a Higher Temperature. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly-efficient graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalyst for visible light photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl orange (MO) simulating dyeing wastewater was synthesized by the thermal polycondensation of melamine. The photocatalysts were characterized by TG-DTG-DSC, XRD, EA, XPS, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, BET, PL and UV-vis DRS. The results showed that the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 at a higher calcination temperature was significantly enhanced, and its photocatalytic activities for the photodegradation of RhB and MO were remarkably improved by 64.91% and 41.83%, respectively, which was mainly attributed to the satisfactory crystallinity, stable graphene-like structure, large surface area, and excellent optical properties. It was found that •O2− radicals and •OH radicals were the main active species for the photodegradation process by the free radicals trapping experiments and ESR analysis. The photodegradation mechanism of g-C3N4 was proposed predicated using the characterization results.
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Du Z, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Sun H, Li Y, Wang X, Qiu T, Zhao X, Song T, Tan H. Copolymerization of urea and murexide for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and tetracycline degradation. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05647b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A g-C3N4 based material modified with murexide has been prepared and used for photocatalytic hydrogen production and degradation of tetracycline.
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