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Lyu J, Yang D, Liu Y, Li J, Zhang Z, Li Z, Liu M, Liu W, Ren Z, Liu H, Wu J, Tang X, Yan Y. The Failure Mechanism of Micro Thermoelectric Devices under the Action of the Temperature Field. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16505-16514. [PMID: 38527233 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The micro thermoelectric device (m-TED) boasts features such as adjustable volume, straightforward structure, and precise, rapid temperature control, positioning it as the only current solution for managing the temperature of microelectronic systems. It is extensively utilized in 5G optical modules, laser lidars, and infrared detection. Nevertheless, as the size of the m-TED diminishes, the growing proportion of interface damages the device's operational reliability, constraining the advancement of the m-TED. In this study, we used commercially available bismuth telluride materials to construct the m-TED. The device's reliability was tested under various temperatures: -40, 85, 125, and 150 °C. By deconstructing and analyzing the devices that failed during the tests, we discovered that the primary cause of device failure was the degradation of the solder layer. Moreover, we demonstrated that encapsulating the device with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) could effectively delay the deterioration of its performance. This study sparks new insights into the service reliability of m-TEDs and paves the way for further optimizing device interface design and enhancing the device manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Nanostructure Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dongwang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yutian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zinan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhenming Li
- Energy Storage and Electrotechnics Department, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Energy Storage and Electrotechnics Department, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Energy Storage and Electrotechnics Department, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- SGCC Beijing Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100075, China
| | - Hongjing Liu
- SGCC Beijing Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100075, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Nanostructure Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinfeng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yonggao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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2
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Chen X, Yang X, Han X, Ruan Z, Xu J, Huang F, Zhang K. Advanced Thermoelectric Textiles for Power Generation: Principles, Design, and Manufacturing. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2024; 8:2300023. [PMID: 38356682 PMCID: PMC10862169 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Self-powered wearable thermoelectric (TE) devices significantly reduce the inconvenience caused to users, especially in daily use of portable devices and monitoring personal health. The textile-based TE devices (TETs) exhibit the excellent flexibility, deformability, and light weight, which fulfill demands of long-term wearing for the human body. In comparison to traditional TE devices with their longstanding research history, TETs are still in an initial stage of growth. In recent years, TETs to provide electricity for low-power wearable electronics have attracted increasing attention. This review summarizes the recent progress of TETs from the points of selecting TE materials, scalable fabrication methods of TE fibers/yarns and TETs, structure design of TETs and reported high-performance TETs. The key points to develop TETs with outstanding TE properties and mechanical performance and better than available optimization strategies are discussed. Furthermore, remaining challenges and perspectives of TETs are also proposed to suggest practical applications for heat harvesting from human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
| | - Xiaona Yang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
| | - Xue Han
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
| | - Zuping Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
| | - Jinchuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
| | - Fuli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai200051China
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3
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Unno N, Mäkelä T. Thermal Nanoimprint Lithography-A Review of the Process, Mold Fabrication, and Material. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2031. [PMID: 37513042 PMCID: PMC10385880 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nanopatterns perform unique functions and have attracted attention in various industrial fields, such as electronic devices, microfluidics, biotechnology, optics, sensors, and smart and anti-adhesion surfaces. To put fine-patterned products to practical use, low-cost patterning technology is necessary. Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a promising technique for high-throughput nanopattern fabrication. In particular, thermal nanoimprint lithography (T-NIL) has the advantage of employing flexible materials and eliminating chemicals and solvents. Moreover, T-NIL is particularly suitable for compostable and recyclable materials, especially when applying biobased materials for use in optics and electronics. These attributes make T-NIL an eco-friendly process. However, the processing time of normal T-NIL is longer than that of ultraviolet (UV) NIL using a UV-curable resin because the T-NIL process requires heating and cooling time. Therefore, many studies focus on improving the throughput of T-NIL. Specifically, a T-NIL process based on a roll-to-roll web system shows promise for next-generation nanopatterning techniques because it enables large-area applications with the capability to process webs several meters in width. In this review, the T-NIL process, roll mold fabrication techniques, and various materials are introduced. Moreover, metal pattern transfer techniques using a combination of nanotransfer printing, T-NIL, and a reverse offset are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Unno
- Department of Applied Electronics, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Tapio Mäkelä
- VTT Printed and Hybrid Functionalities, Tietotie 3, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland
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4
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Silva RM, da Silva AD, Camargo JR, de Castro BS, Meireles LM, Silva PS, Janegitz BC, Silva TA. Carbon Nanomaterials-Based Screen-Printed Electrodes for Sensing Applications. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040453. [PMID: 37185528 PMCID: PMC10136782 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors consisting of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are recurrent devices in the recent literature for applications in different fields of interest and contribute to the expanding electroanalytical chemistry field. This is due to inherent characteristics that can be better (or only) achieved with the use of SPEs, including miniaturization, cost reduction, lower sample consumption, compatibility with portable equipment, and disposability. SPEs are also quite versatile; they can be manufactured using different formulations of conductive inks and substrates, and are of varied designs. Naturally, the analytical performance of SPEs is directly affected by the quality of the material used for printing and modifying the electrodes. In this sense, the most varied carbon nanomaterials have been explored for the preparation and modification of SPEs, providing devices with an enhanced electrochemical response and greater sensitivity, in addition to functionalized surfaces that can immobilize biological agents for the manufacture of biosensors. Considering the relevance and timeliness of the topic, this review aimed to provide an overview of the current scenario of the use of carbonaceous nanomaterials in the context of making electrochemical SPE sensors, from which different approaches will be presented, exploring materials traditionally investigated in electrochemistry, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, and those more recently investigated for this (carbon quantum dots, graphitic carbon nitride, and biochar). Perspectives on the use and expansion of these devices are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Matias Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica Rocha Camargo
- Laboratory of Sensors, Nanomedicine, and Nanostructured Materials, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras 13600-970, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Laís Muniz Meireles
- Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Timóteo 35180-008, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Campos Janegitz
- Laboratory of Sensors, Nanomedicine, and Nanostructured Materials, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras 13600-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Almeida Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
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Wu B, Geng J, Lin Y, Hou C, Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang H. Hydrogel-based printing strategy for high-performance flexible thermoelectric generators. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16857-16864. [PMID: 36350189 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05733f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flexible thermoelectric (TE) devices can utilize the slight temperature difference between curved surfaces and surroundings to generate TE potential, presenting great potential in microelectronic energy supply and wearable sensing. Printing method has been employed to fabricate high-performance flexible TE films by means of excellent capability of assembling nanomaterials, but the decrease in the electrical conductivity caused by organic matters in the thermoelectric pastes will significantly reduce the thermoelectric performance. Herein, we report a hydrogel-based printing strategy to deposit flexible TE generators on various flexible substrates. The hydrogel network formed by physical crosslinking and molecular chain entanglement at 0.498 wt% carboxylated cellulose nanofibers can effectively limit the fluidity of 1D nanorod dispersion, which produces only <5% decline in electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient compared to the pure inorganic nanorod films. The device with 72 couples constructed by printing presents a high power density of 1.278 W m-2 under a temperature difference of 50 K. The advantages of hydrogel-based printing can broaden application prospects in the field of wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Jixin Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Yujie Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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6
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Mallick MM, Franke L, Rösch AG, Geßwein H, Long Z, Eggeler YM, Lemmer U. High Figure-of-Merit Telluride-Based Flexible Thermoelectric Films through Interfacial Modification via Millisecond Photonic-Curing for Fully Printed Thermoelectric Generators. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202411. [PMID: 36106362 PMCID: PMC9631075 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The thermoelectric generator (TEG) shows great promise for energy harvesting and waste heat recovery applications. Cost barriers for this technology could be overcome by using printing technologies. However, the development of thermoelectric (TE) materials that combine printability, high-efficiency, and mechanical flexibility is a serious challenge. Here, flexible (SbBi)2 (TeSe)3 -based screen-printed TE films exhibiting record-high figure of merits (ZT) and power factors are reported. A high power factor of 24 µW cm-1 K-2 (ZTmax ≈ 1.45) for a p-type film and a power factor of 10.5 µW cm-1 K-2 (ZTmax ≈ 0.75) for an n-type film are achieved. The TE inks, comprised of p-Bi0.5 Sb1.5 Te3 (BST)/n-Bi2 Te2.7 Se0.3 (BT) and a Cu-Se-based inorganic binder (IB), are prepared by a one-pot synthesis process. The TE inks are printed on different substrates and sintered using photonic-curing leading to the formation of a highly conducting β-Cu2- δ Se phase that connects "microsolders," the grains resulting in high-performance. Folded TEGs (f-TEGs) are fabricated using the materials. A half-millimeter thick f-TEG exhibits an open-circuit voltage (VOC ) of 203 mV with a maximum power density (pmax ) of 5.1 W m-2 at ∆T = 68 K. This result signifies that a few millimeters thick f-TEG could power Internet-of-Things (IoTs) devices converting low-grade heat to electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mofasser Mallick
- Light Technology InstituteKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Leonard Franke
- Light Technology InstituteKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Andres Georg Rösch
- Light Technology InstituteKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Holger Geßwein
- Institute for Applied MaterialsKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76344Eggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Zhongmin Long
- Laboratory for Electron MicroscopyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Yolita M. Eggeler
- Laboratory for Electron MicroscopyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Light Technology InstituteKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76131KarlsruheGermany
- Institute of Microstructure TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76344Eggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
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7
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Abstract
The emergence of wearable devices over the recent decades has motivated numerous studies aimed at developing flexible or stretchable materials and structures for their electronic or optoelectronic functionalities. Like in conventional devices, electronic and optoelectronic components in wearable devices must be kept within certain temperature ranges to ensure reliability, performance, and/or functionality. But this must be accomplished without requiring any bulky heat sinks or other heat transfer augmentation elements. At the same time, the proximity of wearable devices to the human skin poses additional requirements of thermal comfort and safety. A growing body of literature is now focusing on the thermal management or control of wearable devices and related development of new materials and structures. The present article aims to provide a broad overview of such materials and structures and offer suggestions for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Sungtaek Ju
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1597, USA
- Corresponding author
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8
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Burton M, Howells G, Atoyo J, Carnie M. Printed Thermoelectrics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108183. [PMID: 35080059 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The looming impact of climate change and the diminishing supply of fossil fuels both highlight the need for a transition to more sustainable energy sources. While solar and wind can produce much of the energy needed, to meet all our energy demands there is a need for a diverse sustainable energy generation mix. Thermoelectrics can play a vital role in this, by harvesting otherwise wasted heat energy and converting it into useful electrical energy. While efficient thermoelectric materials have been known since the 1950s, thermoelectrics have not been utilized beyond a few niche applications. This can in part be attributed to the high cost of manufacturing and the geometrical restraints of current commercial manufacturing techniques. Printing offers a potential route to manufacture thermoelectric materials at a lower price point and allows for the fabrication of generators that are custom built to meet the waste heat source requirements. This review details the significant progress that has been made in recent years in printing of thermoelectric materials in all thermoelectric material groups and printing methods, and highlights very recent publications that show printing can now offer comparable performance to commercially manufactured thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Burton
- SPECIFIC, Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Geraint Howells
- M2A, Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Jonathan Atoyo
- M2A, Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Matthew Carnie
- SPECIFIC, Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
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9
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Wang S, Zuo G, Kim J, Sirringhaus H. Progress of Conjugated Polymers as Emerging Thermoelectric Materials. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Lee C, Crouch A, Jha A, Adapa A, Diaz J, Pandey A, Greve J, Pipe K. Extravascular Cooling of Blood Using a Concentrated Thermoelectric Cooling Probe. J Med Device 2022. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4054003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Thermal therapies have strong potential for improving outcomes for patients suffering from cardiac arrest, neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, or medically refractory intracranial hypertension. We propose a novel tool to manipulate blood temperature through extravascular thermoelectric heat exchange of blood vessel walls and flowing blood. This tool is a concentrated cooling probe with several thermoelectric units combined to focus cooling at the application site. Using this tool, we aim to achieve desired levels of temperature control and potentially reduce complications associated with traditional intravascular or systemic thermal therapies. Leveraging the feedback control, speed, and reversible operation of thermoelectric cooling modules, the device can adapt to cool or heat as desired. Pre-clinical testing on rodent models confirmed rapid, significant reduction of intravenous jugular blood temperature when a prototype device was brought in contact with the left carotid artery (change in blood temperature of -4.74 ± 2.9 °C/hr and -4.29 ± 1.64 °C/hr for 0 °C and -5 °C cooling trials respectively). Declines in rectal temperature were also noted, but at lesser magnitudes than for jugular blood (0 °C: -3.09 ± 1.29 °C/hr; -5 °C: -2.04 ± 1.08), indicating proof-of-concept of thermoelectric extravascular blood cooling within a relatively localized region of the body. With further improvements in the technique, there is potential for selective organ cooling via reduction in flowing blood temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Lee
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 2350 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125
| | - Anna Crouch
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 2350 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125; Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 1506 Middle Drive, 312 Perkins Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Aman Jha
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; 2350 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125
| | - Arjun Adapa
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; 1500 E Medical Center Dr, #5338, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jose Diaz
- Division of Surgical Research, Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Aditya Pandey
- Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; 1500 E Medical Center Dr, #5338, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Joan Greve
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Democracy II, Suite 200, 6707 Democracy Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Kevin Pipe
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; 2350 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125
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11
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Im HJ, Koo B, Kim MS, Lee JE. Optimization of high-energy ball milling process for uniform p-type Bi-Sb-Te thermoelectric material powder. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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12
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Zeng M, Zavanelli D, Chen J, Saeidi-Javash M, Du Y, LeBlanc S, Snyder GJ, Zhang Y. Printing thermoelectric inks toward next-generation energy and thermal devices. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:485-512. [PMID: 34761784 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00490e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of thermoelectric (TE) materials to convert thermal energy to electricity and vice versa highlights them as a promising candidate for sustainable energy applications. Despite considerable increases in the figure of merit zT of thermoelectric materials in the past two decades, there is still a prominent need to develop scalable synthesis and flexible manufacturing processes to convert high-efficiency materials into high-performance devices. Scalable printing techniques provide a versatile solution to not only fabricate both inorganic and organic TE materials with fine control over the compositions and microstructures, but also manufacture thermoelectric devices with optimized geometric and structural designs that lead to improved efficiency and system-level performances. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive framework of printing thermoelectric materials and devices by including recent breakthroughs and relevant discussions on TE materials chemistry, ink formulation, flexible or conformable device design, and processing strategies, with an emphasis on additive manufacturing techniques. In addition, we review recent innovations in the flexible, conformal, and stretchable device architectures and highlight state-of-the-art applications of these TE devices in energy harvesting and thermal management. Perspectives of emerging research opportunities and future directions are also discussed. While this review centers on thermoelectrics, the fundamental ink chemistry and printing processes possess the potential for applications to a broad range of energy, thermal and electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxiang Zeng
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Duncan Zavanelli
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Mortaza Saeidi-Javash
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Yipu Du
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Saniya LeBlanc
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, George Washington University, 801 22nd St. NW, Suite 739, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - G Jeffrey Snyder
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Yanliang Zhang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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13
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Gupta B, Ambekar RS, Tromer RM, Ghosal PS, Sinha R, Majumder A, Kumbhakar P, Ajayan PM, Galvao DS, Gupta AK, Tiwary CS. Development of a schwarzite-based moving bed 3D printed water treatment system for nanoplastic remediation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19788-19796. [PMID: 35479224 PMCID: PMC9033670 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of micro and nanoplastic debris on our aquatic ecosystem is among the most prominent environmental challenges we face today. In addition, nanoplastics create significant concern for environmentalists because of their toxicity and difficulty in separation and removal. Here we report the development of a 3D printed moving bed water filter (M-3DPWF), which can perform as an efficient nanoplastic scavenger. The enhanced separation of the nanoplastics happens due to the creation of a charged filter material that traps the more surface charged nanoparticles selectively. Synthetic contaminated water from polycarbonate waste has been tested with the filter, and enhanced nanoplastic removal has been achieved. The proposed filtration mechanism of surface-charge based water cleaning is further validated using density function theory (semi-empirical) based simulation. The filter has also shown good structural and mechanical stability in both static and dynamic water conditions. The field suitability of the novel treatment system has also been confirmed using water from various sources, such as sea, river, and pond. Our results suggest that the newly developed water filter can be used for the removal of floating nanoparticles in water as a robust advanced treatment system. The impact of micro and nanoplastic debris on our aquatic ecosystem is among the most prominent environmental challenges we face today.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bramha Gupta
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Rushikesh S Ambekar
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Raphael M Tromer
- Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP 13083-859-Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Partha Sarathi Ghosal
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Rupal Sinha
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Abhradeep Majumder
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Partha Kumbhakar
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - P M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Douglas S Galvao
- Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP 13083-859-Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Ashok Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Tiwary
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
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Zhao Y, Mei H, Chang P, Chen C, Cheng L, Dassios KG. Infinite Approaching Superlubricity by Three-Dimensional Printed Structures. ACS NANO 2021; 15:240-257. [PMID: 33356150 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology opens great opportunities for the design of various multiscale lubrication structures. 3D printing allows high customization of arbitrary complex structures and rapid prototyping of objects, which provides an avenue to achieve effective lubrication. Current experimental observations on superlubricity are limited to atomically smooth clean surfaces, extreme operating conditions, and nano- or microscales. With the in-depth exploration of 3D printed lubrication, construction of multifunctional 3D structures with refined dimensions spanning from micronanoscale to macroscale is increasingly regarded as an important means to approach superlubricity and has aroused great scientific interest. To document recent advances in 3D printing for structural lubrication, a detailed literature review is provided. Emphasis is given on the design and lubrication performance of geometric and bioinspired lubrication structures with characteristic dimensions. The material requirements, merits, drawbacks, and representative applications of various 3D printing techniques are summarized. Potential future research trends aiming at the design strategy and manufacturing process of 3D printed lubrication structures are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Hui Mei
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Peng Chang
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Laifei Cheng
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
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Hwang S, Jeong I, Park J, Kim JK, Kim H, Lee T, Kwak J, Chung S. Enhanced Output Performance of All-Solution-Processed Organic Thermoelectrics: Spray Printing and Interface Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26250-26257. [PMID: 32403922 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report two organocompatible strategies to enhance the output performance of all-solution-processed poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thermoelectric generators (TEGs): introducing an additive spray printing process and functionalized polymer interlayers to reduce the module resistance. The spray printing enabled the deposition of 1-μm-thick PEDOT:PSS layers with a high degree of design freedom, resulting in a significantly reduced sheet resistance of 16 Ω sq-1 that is closely related to the thermoelectric output performance. Also, by inserting an ultrathin silane-terminated polystyrene (PS) interlayer between the PEDOT:PSS thermoelectric layers and inkjet-printed Ag interconnects selectively, the contact resistivity extracted by the transmission line method was reduced from 6.02 × 10-2 to 2.77 × 10-2 Ω cm2. We found that the PS interlayers behaved as a thin tunneling layer, which facilitated the carrier injection from the inkjet-printed Ag electrodes into the PEDOT:PSS films by field emission with an effectively lowered energy barrier. The activation energy was also extracted using the Richardson equation, resulting in a reduction of 2.59 ± 0.04 meV after the PS treatment. Scalable plastic-compatible processability and selective interface engineering enabled to demonstrate the flexible 74-leg PEDOT:PSS TEGs exhibiting the open-circuit voltage of 9.21 mV and the output power of 2.23 nW at a temperature difference of 10 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongkwon Hwang
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Jeong
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyung Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Keun Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesuk Kim
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kwak
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjun Chung
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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