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Bellavita R, Braccia S, Imbò LE, Grieco P, Galdiero S, D'Auria G, Falanga A, Falcigno L. Exploring Fe(III) coordination and membrane interaction of a siderophore-peptide conjugate: Enhancing synergistically the antimicrobial activity. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 259:112658. [PMID: 38964199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Many microbes produce siderophores, which are extremely potent weapons capable of stealing iron ions from human tissues, fluids and cells and transferring them into bacteria through their appropriate porins. We have recently designed a multi-block molecule, each block having a dedicated role. The first component is an antimicrobial peptide, whose good effectiveness against some bacterial strains was gradually improved through interactive sequence modifications. Connected to this block is a flexible bio-band, also optimized in length, which terminates in a hydroxyamide unit, a strong metal binder. Thus, the whole molecule brings together two pieces that work synergistically to fight infection. To understand if the peptide unit, although modified with a long tail, preserves the structure and therefore the antimicrobial activity, and to characterize the mechanism of interaction with bio-membrane models mimicking Gram-negative membranes, we performed a set of fluorescence-based experiments and circular dichroism studies, which further supported our design of a combination of two different entities working synergistically. The chelating activity and iron(III) binding of the peptide was confirmed by iron(III) paramagnetic NMR analyses, and through a competitive assay with ethylenediamine-tetra acetic acid by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The complexation parameters, the Michaelis constant K, and the number of sites n, evaluated with spectrophotometric techniques are confirmed by Fe(III) paramagnetic NMR analyses here reported. In conclusion, we showed that the coupling of antimicrobial capabilities with iron-trapping capabilities works well in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Bellavita
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Braccia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Emiliano Imbò
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Paolo Grieco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Auria
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Falanga
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Lucia Falcigno
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
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2
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Faa G, Messana I, Coni P, Piras M, Pichiri G, Piludu M, Iavarone F, Desiderio C, Vento G, Tirone C, Manconi B, Olianas A, Contini C, Cabras T, Castagnola M. Thymosin β 4 and β 10 Expression in Human Organs during Development: A Review. Cells 2024; 13:1115. [PMID: 38994967 PMCID: PMC11240739 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the results of a series of studies performed by our group with the aim to define the expression levels of thymosin β4 and thymosin β10 over time, starting from fetal development to different ages after birth, in different human organs and tissues. The first section describes the proteomics investigations performed on whole saliva from preterm newborns and gingival crevicular fluid, which revealed to us the importance of these acidic peptides and their multiple functions. These findings inspired us to start an in-depth investigation mainly based on immunochemistry to establish the distribution of thymosin β4 and thymosin β10 in different organs from adults and fetuses at different ages (after autopsy), and therefore to obtain suggestions on the functions of β-thymosins in health and disease. The functions of β-thymosins emerging from these studies, for instance, those performed during carcinogenesis, add significant details that could help to resolve the nowadays so-called "β-thymosin enigma", i.e., the potential molecular role played by these two pleiotropic peptides during human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavino Faa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.F.); (P.C.); (M.P.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Roma, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Pierpaolo Coni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.F.); (P.C.); (M.P.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Monica Piras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.F.); (P.C.); (M.P.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Giuseppina Pichiri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.F.); (P.C.); (M.P.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Marco Piludu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Roma, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.V.); (C.T.)
- Divisione di Neonatologia, Dipartimento per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Tirone
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.V.); (C.T.)
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Sezione Biomedica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (B.M.); (A.O.); (T.C.)
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Sezione Biomedica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (B.M.); (A.O.); (T.C.)
| | - Cristina Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.F.); (P.C.); (M.P.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Sezione Biomedica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (B.M.); (A.O.); (T.C.)
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Roma, Italy
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3
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Salem MB, El-Lakkany NM, Seif el-Din SH, Hammam OA, Samir S. Diosmin alleviates ulcerative colitis in mice by increasing Akkermansia muciniphila abundance, improving intestinal barrier function, and modulating the NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27527. [PMID: 38500992 PMCID: PMC10945203 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a common type of inflammatory bowel disease that affects millions of individuals around the world. Traditional UC treatment has focused on suppressing immune responses rather than treating the underlying causes of UC, which include oxidative stress, inflammation, and microbiota dysbiosis. Diosmin (DIO), a naturally occurring flavonoid, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of DIO in treating dextran-sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, and to investigate some of its underlying mechanisms, with an emphasis on Akkermansia muciniphila abundance, inflammatory markers, and intestinal barrier function. C57BL/6 mice were given 4% (w/v) DSS to induce colitis. DSS-induced mice were administered DIO (100 and 200 mg/kg) or sulfasalazine orally for 7 days. Every day, the disease activity index (DAI) was determined by recording body weight, diarrhea, and bloody stool. Changes in fecal A. muciniphila abundance, colonic MUC1 and MUC2 expression, as well as oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were all assessed. Histopathological changes, colonic PIK3PR3 and ZO-1 levels, and immunohistochemical examinations of occludin and claudin-1, were investigated. DIO administration resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in DAI, as well as increase in A. muciniphila abundance and MUC2 expression while decreasing MUC1 expression. DIO also dramatically reduced colonic oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating the NF-κB and Nrf2 cascades, restored intestinal barrier integrity by inhibiting PIK3R3 and inducing ZO-1, and improved occludin/claudin-1 gene expression and immunostaining. This study provides the first evidence that DIO preserves intestinal barrier integrity and increases A. muciniphila abundance in DSS-induced colitis. However, more research is required to explore the impact of DIO on the overall composition and diversity of the gut microbiota. Likewise, it will be important to fully understand the molecular mechanisms by which A. muciniphila maintains intestinal barrier function and its potential use as an adjuvant in the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Badr Salem
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Mohamed El-Lakkany
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Sayed Hassan Seif el-Din
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Olfat Ali Hammam
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Safia Samir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt
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4
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Michael S, Jeyaraman P, Marimuthu B, Rajamanikam R, Thanasamy R, Arunsunai Kumar K, Mitu L, Raman N. Pharmaceutical manifestation of Knoevenagel condensed metal (II) complexes through virtual, in vitro and in vivo assessments. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38189286 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2301059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Sulphur containing compounds possess a great deal of interest due to wide range of beneficial activities towards biotic species. This work also deals with the study of biological examination of newly synthesized sulphur containing Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes derived from (E)-4-(phenylimino)-3-((E)-1-(phenylimino)ethyl)pent-2-ene-1-thiol Schiff bases. Moreover, the DNA nuclease efficiency of the synthesized metal complexes is studied by UV absorption studies, Fluorescence studies, Viscosity and CV titrations which confirm the intercalative mode of binding. Pharmacokinetic studies and drug like activity of these compounds are screened with the help of SWISS ADME online freeware. Their morphological nature is corroborated by various spectral techniques. Optimized geometry and biologically accessible nature of the synthesized compounds are investigated by Gaussian 09 W software. Interestingly, molecular docking studies are carried out against cancer DNA and 6J10 cancer cell. Anti-inflammatory and in vitro antioxidant activities have been studied to validate the theoretical prediction. Based on these preliminary pharmacological activities, the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor activities are examined using MCF-7, HeLa, Hep-2, HepG-2 and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell lines. All the above examinations reveal that the nitro substituted transition metal complexes possess higher biological bustle.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Michael
- Research Department of Chemistry, VHNSN College, Virudhungar, India
- Department of Chemistry, PSR Engineering College, Sivakasi, India
| | - Porkodi Jeyaraman
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The Standard Fireworks Rajaratnam College for Women (Autonomous), Sivakasi, India
| | | | | | - Radha Thanasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Saiva Bhanu Kshatriya College, Aruppukottai, India
| | | | - Liviu Mitu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pitesti, Pitesti, Romania
| | - Natarajan Raman
- Research Department of Chemistry, VHNSN College, Virudhungar, India
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5
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Kumar GS, Sobhia ME. Water network chemistry to exploit the nature of catalytic water molecules in Mtb DNA gyrase: a computational study to understand the binding mechanism of fluoroquinolones. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:725-733. [PMID: 37121993 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2199869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of DNA gyrase and mutants of DNA gyrA such as G88A, A90V, S91P, D94A, D94G, D94N, D94Y; and double-point mutant (S91P-D94G), are meticulously investigated using computational approaches. Molecular dynamics (MD) and hydration thermodynamics have shed light on the fundamental, mechanistic basis of mutations on the conformational stability of Quinolone Binding Pocket (QBP) of DNA gyrase. Analysis of MD results revealed the displacement of a single crystal water molecule (HOH201) from the catalytic site of wild-type (WT) and mutants of DNA gyrA. This prompted our research group to probe the five crystal water molecules present in the QBP of the enzyme using water thermodynamics. Hydration thermodynamics analysis revealed the displacement of HOH201 due to unstable thermodynamic signatures. Further, the analysis highlighted significant changes in thermodynamic signatures and locations of five crystal water hydration sites upon mutation. Integrated MD simulations and water thermodynamics provided promising insights into the conformational changes and inaccessibility of the catalytic water molecule that can influence the design of DNA gyrase inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Siva Kumar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - M Elizabeth Sobhia
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
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6
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Woźniczka M, Sutradhar M, Chmiela M, Gonciarz W, Pająk M. Equilibria in the aqueous system of cobalt(II) based on 2-picolinehydroxamic acid and N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)phenylalanine and its ability to inhibit the propagation of cancer cells. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 249:112389. [PMID: 37806005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-ligand complexes of cobalt(II) with two bioligands, viz. 2-picolinehydroxamic acid and the reduced Schiff base N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)phenylalanine, were studied in aqueous solution by potentiometry and UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis. The coordination mode of the complexes and their stability were determined and compared to their parent species. Stacking interactions between the rings present in the ligands influence the stability of the complexes. Also, UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed that the stacking interactions affected the intercalation of DNA and mixed-ligand complexes. The in vitro anticancer activity of the free ligand 2-picolinehydroxamic acid and the complexes was tested against cervical and gastric human adenocarcinoma epithelial cell lines. At concentrations of 0.06 and 0.11 mM, the mixed-ligand structures showed the ability to reduce gastric cancer cells with no inhibitory effect on mouse fibroblasts. The cytotoxic effect was accompanied by damage to the cell nuclei, which may confirm that the complexes demonstrate effective binding to DNA. No determination of minimal inhibitory and bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations against the test organisms was possible at higher complex concentrations due to precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Woźniczka
- Department of Physical and Biocoordination Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Manas Sutradhar
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Lusófona - Centro Universitário de Lisboa, Campo Grande 376, Lisboa 1749-024, Portugal; Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Magdalena Chmiela
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Weronika Gonciarz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Pająk
- Department of Physical and Biocoordination Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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7
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Almaghrabi M, Musa A, Aljohani AKB, Ahmed HEA, Alsulaimany M, Miski SF, Mostafa EM, Hussein S, Parambi DGT, Ghoneim MM, Elgammal WE, Halawa AH, Hammad A, El-Agrody AM. Introducing of novel class of pyrano[2,3- c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile analogs with potent antimicrobial activity, DNA gyrase inhibition, and prominent pharmacokinetic and CNS toxicity profiles supported by molecular dynamic simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37661733 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2252088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbiological DNA gyrase is recognized as an exceptional microbial target for the innovative development of low-resistant and more effective antimicrobial drugs. Hence, we introduced a one-pot facile synthesis of a novel pyranopyrazole scaffold bearing different functionalities; substituted aryl ring, nitrile, and hydroxyl groups. All new analogs were characterized with full spectroscopic data. The antimicrobial screening for all analogs was assessed against standard strains of Gm + ve and Gm-ve through in vitro considers. The screened compounds displayed very promising MIC/MBC values against some of the bacterial strains with broad or selective antibacterial effects. Of these, 4j biphenyl analog showed 0.5-2/2-8 µg/mL MIC/MBC for suppression and killing of Gm + ve and Gm-ve strains. Moreover, the antimicrobial screening was assessed for the most potent analogs against certain highly resistant microbial strains. Consequently, DNA gyrase supercoiling assay was done for all analogs using ciprofloxacin as reference positive control. Obviously, the results showed a different activity profile with potent analog 4j with IC50 value 6.29 µg/mL better than reference drug 10.2 µg/mL. Additionally, CNS toxicity testing was done using the HiB5 cell line for attenuation of GABA/NMDA expression to both 4j and ciprofloxacin compounds that revealed better neurotransmitter modulation by novel scaffold. Importantly, docking and dynamic simulations were performed for the most active 4j analog to investigate its interaction with DNA binding sites, which supported the in vitro observations and compound stability with binding pocket. Finally, a novel scaffold pyranopyrazole was introduced as a DNA gyrase inhibitor with prominent antibacterial efficacy and low CNS side effect toxicity better than quinolones.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Almaghrabi
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K B Aljohani
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany E A Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Alsulaimany
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar F Miski
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab M Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Della Grace Thomas Parambi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid E Elgammal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Halawa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Ali Hammad
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Agrody
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt
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8
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Piludu M, Pichiri G, Coni P, Piras M, Congiu T, Faa G, Lachowicz JI. Cell starvation increases uptake of extracellular Thymosin β4 and its complexes with calcium. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109743. [PMID: 36706591 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cell metastasis is the main cause of cancer mortality. Inhibiting early events during cell metastasis and invasion could significantly improve cancer prognosis, but the initial mechanisms of cell transition and migration are barely known. Calcium regulates cell migration, whilst Thymosin β4 is a G-actin and iron binding peptide associated with tumor metastasis and ferroptosis. Under normal cell growth conditions, intracellular free calcium ions and Thymosin β4 concentrations are strictly regulated, and are not influenced by extracellular supplementation. However, cell starvation decreases intracellular Thymosin β4 and increases extracellular peptide uptake above the normal range. Unexpectedly, cell starvation significantly increases internalization of extracellular Ca2+/Thymosin β4 complexes. Elucidating the role of Ca2+/Thymosin β4 in the early events of metastasis will likely be important in the future to develop therapies targeting metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Piludu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pichiri
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Coni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Monica Piras
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Terenzio Congiu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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9
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Piras M, Gerosa C, Congiu T, Cau F, Fanni D, Pichiri G, Coni P, Lachowicz JI, Schirru E, Congia M, Rossino R, Muntoni S, Jaremko M, Piludu M. Toward the renal vesicle: Ultrastructural investigation of the cap mesenchyme splitting process in the developing kidney. J Public Health Res 2022; 11:22799036221124076. [PMID: 36310827 PMCID: PMC9597041 DOI: 10.1177/22799036221124076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A complex sequence of morphogenetic events leads to the development of the adult mouse kidney. In the present study, we investigated the morphological events that characterize the early stages of the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition of cap mesenchymal cells, analyzing in depth the relationship between cap mesenchymal induction and ureteric bud (UB) branching. Design and methods Normal kidneys of newborn non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were excised and prepared for light and electron microscopic examination. Results Nephrogenesis was evident in the outer portion of the renal cortex of all examined samples. This process was mainly due to the interaction of two primordial derivatives, the ureteric bud and the metanephric mesenchyme. Early renal developmental stages were initially characterized by the formation of a continuous layer of condensed mesenchymal cells around the tips of the ureteric buds. These caps of mesenchymal cells affected the epithelial cells of the underlying ureteric bud, possibly inducing their growth and branching. Conclusions The present study provides morphological evidence of the reciprocal induction between the ureteric bud and the metanephric mesenchyme showing that the ureteric buds convert mesenchyme to epithelium that in turn stimulates the growth and the branching of the ureteric bud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Piras
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, AOU, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Clara Gerosa
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, AOU, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Terenzio Congiu
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, AOU, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy,Terenzio Congiu, Department of Medical
Sciences and Public Health, AOU, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale Cagliari,
Cagliari, Sardegna 09124, Italy.
| | - Flaviana Cau
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, AOU, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Daniela Fanni
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, AOU, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pichiri
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, AOU, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Coni
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, AOU, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, AOU, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Enrico Schirru
- CeSaSASt. Centro Servizi di Ateneo per
gli Stabulari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Mauro Congia
- Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology,
Microcitemico Hospital, Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Rossano Rossino
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, AOU, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Sandro Muntoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences,
University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Sciences
& Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and
Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marco Piludu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences,
University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy,Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo
Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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