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Xiao X, Ni W, Yang Y, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Liu Q, Zhang GJ, Yao Q, Chen S. Platinum nanowires/MXene nanosheets/porous carbon ternary nanocomposites for in situ monitoring of dopamine released from neuronal cells. Talanta 2024; 278:126496. [PMID: 38996563 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in the body and closely related to many neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the detection of dopamine is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, screening of drugs and unraveling of relevant pathogenic mechanisms. However, the low concentration of dopamine in the body and the complexity of the matrix make the accurate detection of dopamine challenging. Herein, an electrochemical sensor is constructed based on ternary nanocomposites consisting of one-dimensional Pt nanowires, two-dimensional MXene nanosheets, and three-dimensional porous carbon. The Pt nanowires exhibit excellent catalytic activity due to the abundant grain boundaries and highly undercoordinated atoms; MXene nanosheets not only facilitate the growth of Pt nanowires, but also enhance the electrical conductivity and hydrophilicity; and the porous carbon helps induce significant adsorption of dopamine on the electrode surface. In electrochemical tests, the ternary nanocomposite-based sensor achieves an ultra-sensitive detection of dopamine (S/N = 3) with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 28 nM, satisfactory selectivity and excellent stability. Furthermore, the sensor can be used for the detection of dopamine in serum and in situ monitoring of dopamine release from PC12 cells. Such a highly sensitive nanocomposite sensor can be exploited for in situ monitoring of important neurotransmitters at the cellular level, which is of great significance for related drug screening and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Xiao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Wei Ni
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518101, China
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518101, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China.
| | - Qunfeng Yao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China.
| | - Shaowei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
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2
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Gao H, Yu H, Yang S, Chai F, Wu H, Tian M. Ultrasensitive detection of H 2O 2 via electrochemical sensor by graphene synergized with MOF-on-MOF nanozymes. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:482. [PMID: 39046581 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), utilizing the synergistic effects of graphene (Gr) and MOF-on-MOF nanozymes (FeCu-NZs). Initially, Fe-MOF with peroxide-like activity is synthesized using a solvothermal method. Subsequently, the organic ligand on its surface binds Cu2+, enhancing the enzyme-like activity further. The resulting FeCu-NZs exhibit a distinctive electrochemical signal in response to H2O2. Moreover, integrating FeCu-NZs with Gr significantly amplifies the electrochemical signal and effectively reduces the sensor's detection limit. The developed sensor exhibited linear ranges of 0.1-3800 μM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.06 μM. Additionally, FeCu-NZs catalyze H2O2 to generate abundant •OH radicals, and colorimetric detection of H2O2 is facilitated using the color rendering principle of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Notably, this detection method was applied to determine H2O2 concentrations in real samples, achieving a recovery exceeding 95.7%. In summary, this research provides a practical platform for the construction of traditional nanozymes and the integration of electrochemical systems, which have broad applications in food analysis, environmental monitoring, and medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, P. R. China
| | - Haiting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, P. R. China
| | - Fang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, P. R. China.
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, P. R. China.
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3
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Noumani A, Verma D, Kaushik A, Khosla A, Solanki PR. Electrochemically microplastic detection using chitosan-magnesium oxide nanosheet. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118894. [PMID: 38599449 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics, an invisible threat, are emerging as serious pollutants that continuously affect health by interrupting/contaminating the human cycle, mainly involving food, water, and air. Such serious scenarios raised the demand for developing efficient sensing systems to detect them at an early stage efficiently and selectively. In this direction, the proposed research reports an electrochemical hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) sensing utilizing a sensing platform fabricated using chitosan-magnesium oxide nanosheets (CHIT-MgO NS) nanocomposite. HMT is considered as a hazardous microplastic, which is used as an additive in plastic manufacturers and has been selected as a target analyte. To fabricate sensing electrodes, a facile co-precipitation technique was employed to synthesize MgO NS, which was further mixed with 1% CHIT solution to form a CHIT_MgO NS composite. Such prepared nanocomposite solution was then drop casted to an indium tin oxide (ITO) to fabricate CHIT_MgO NS/ITO sensing electrode to detect HMT electrochemically using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. To determine the limit of detection (LOD) and sensitivity, DPV was performed. The resulting calibrated curve for HMT, ranging from 0.5 μM to 4.0 μM, exhibited a sensitivity of 12.908 μA (μM)-1 cm-2 with a detection limit of 0.03 μM and a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.10 μM. Further, the CHIT_MgO NS/ITO modified electrode was applied to analyze HMT in various real samples, including river water, drain water, packaged water, and tertiary processed food. The results demonstrated the method's high sensitivity and suggested its potential applications in the field of microplastic surveillance, with a focus on health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashab Noumani
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Damini Verma
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, 33805, FL, USA; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ajit Khosla
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an Province, 710071, China
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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4
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Xue Y, Hassan Q, Noroozifar M, Sullan RMA, Kerman K. Microfluidic flow injection analysis system for the electrochemical detection of dopamine using diazonium-grafted copper nanoparticles on multi-walled carbon nanotube-modified surfaces. Talanta 2024; 266:125030. [PMID: 37582331 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
In this proof-of-concept study, a microfluidic flow injection analysis (FIA) system was developed using multi-walled carbon nanotube-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (CNTSPEs) that were modified with copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) following the electrodeposition of the diazonium salt of 4-aminothiophenol to form 4-thiophenol-conjugated CuNPs (CuNPs-CNTSPE). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were used to characterize the size of CuNPs, morphology and elemental analysis of CuNPs-CNTSPE, respectively. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the charge-transfer resistance (Rct) of CuNPs-CNTSPE was found to be 20-fold lower than that of CNTSPE. The CuNPs-CNTSPE displayed an oxidation peak for dopamine at -0.08 V which is ∼80 mV lower than the one detected using CNTSPE. The modified electrode was used in microfluidic flow injection analysis and offline systems for sensitive detection of dopamine (DA). The pH, flow rate, loop volume, concentration, and type of surfactant were all optimized for on-chip detection. Under the optimal conditions, using phosphate electrolyte solution (pH 6) containing 0.05% (w/v) Tween 20® as the carrier at a flow rate of 0.6 mL min-1 and a loop volume of 50 μL, the calibration curve was linear from 1.5 to 500 nM with a limit of detection of 0.33 nM. This technique was used for the successful detection of DA in real samples with recovery ranging from 96.5% to 103.8%. The microfluidic FIA system described here has the potential to be used as an electrochemical point-of-care device for rapid DA detection with high sensitivity and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Xue
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Qusai Hassan
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Meissam Noroozifar
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Ruby May A Sullan
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Kagan Kerman
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
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5
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Zhou Y, Tian M, Li R, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Zhang C, Shuang S. Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Platform for Dopamine Detection Based on CoNi-MOF@ERGO Composite. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5599-5609. [PMID: 37656436 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical sensor applied for dopamine (DA) detection was constructed. An easy static way was used to synthesize bimetallic CoNi-MOF. Next, it was mixed with graphene oxide (GO) under ultrasound to get a uniform suspension. Subsequently, the solution was coated on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to form CoNi-MOF@ERGO/GCE by the electrochemical reduction method. The interaction between CoNi-MOF and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) enhances the electrocatalytic performance for DA detection. CoNi-MOF@ERGO/GCE has a wider linear range (0.1-400 μM) and a lower detection limit (0.086 μM) under optimum conditions. Furthermore, it has been applied to test DA in human serum samples. The results reveal that the DA sensor shows excellent performance, which will provide a novel idea for more sensitive and quicker DA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Min Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ruichun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Guomei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Rahman MA, Pal RK, Islam N, Freeman R, Berthiaume F, Mazzeo A, Ashraf A. A Facile Graphene Conductive Polymer Paper Based Biosensor for Dopamine, TNF-α, and IL-6 Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8115. [PMID: 37836943 PMCID: PMC10575219 DOI: 10.3390/s23198115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based biosensors are a potential paradigm of sensitivity achieved via microporous spreading/microfluidics, simplicity, and affordability. In this paper, we develop decorated paper with graphene and conductive polymer (herein referred to as graphene conductive polymer paper-based sensor or GCPPS) for sensitive detection of biomolecules. Planetary mixing resulted in uniformly dispersed graphene and conductive polymer ink, which was applied to laser-cut Whatman filter paper substrates. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy showed strong attachment of conductive polymer-functionalized graphene to cellulose fibers. The GCPPS detected dopamine and cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the ranges of 12.5-400 µM, 0.005-50 ng/mL, and 2 pg/mL-2 µg/mL, respectively, using a minute sample volume of 2 µL. The electrodes showed lower detection limits (LODs) of 3.4 µM, 5.97 pg/mL, and 9.55 pg/mL for dopamine, TNF-α, and IL-6 respectively, which are promising for rapid and easy analysis for biomarkers detection. Additionally, these paper-based biosensors were highly selective (no serpin A1 detection with IL-6 antibody) and were able to detect IL-6 antigen in human serum with high sensitivity and hence, the portable, adaptable, point-of-care, quick, minute sample requirement offered by our fabricated biosensor is advantageous to healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashiqur Rahman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Ramendra Kishor Pal
- Hyderabad Campus, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India;
| | - Nazmul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Robert Freeman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Francois Berthiaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Aaron Mazzeo
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ali Ashraf
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
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7
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Bekmezci M, Ozturk H, Akin M, Bayat R, Sen F, Darabi R, Karimi-Maleh H. Bimetallic Biogenic Pt-Ag Nanoparticle and Their Application for Electrochemical Dopamine Sensor. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050531. [PMID: 37232892 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Silver-Platinum (Pt-Ag) bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized by the biogenic reduction method using plant extracts. This reduction method offers a highly innovative model for obtaining nanostructures using fewer chemicals. According to this method, a structure with an ideal size of 2.31 nm was obtained according to the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) result. The Pt-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy. For the electrochemical activity of the obtained nanoparticles in the dopamine sensor, electrochemical measurements were made with the Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) methods. According to the results of the CV measurements taken, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.03 µM and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.11 µM. To investigate the antibacterial properties of the obtained Pt-Ag NPs, their antibacterial effects on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria were investigated. In this study, it was observed that Pt-Ag NPs, which were successfully synthesized by biogenic synthesis using plant extract, exhibited high electrocatalytic performance and good antibacterial properties in the determination of dopamine (DA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Bekmezci
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya 43100, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dumlupinar University, Evliya Celebi Campus, Kutahya 43100, Turkey
| | - Hudanur Ozturk
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya 43100, Turkey
| | - Merve Akin
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya 43100, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dumlupinar University, Evliya Celebi Campus, Kutahya 43100, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Bayat
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya 43100, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dumlupinar University, Evliya Celebi Campus, Kutahya 43100, Turkey
| | - Fatih Sen
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya 43100, Turkey
| | - Rozhin Darabi
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu 611731, China
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Ivanišević I. The Role of Silver Nanoparticles in Electrochemical Sensors for Aquatic Environmental Analysis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3692. [PMID: 37050752 PMCID: PMC10099384 DOI: 10.3390/s23073692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
With rapidly increasing environmental pollution, there is an urgent need for the development of fast, low-cost, and effective sensing devices for the detection of various organic and inorganic substances. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well known for their superior optoelectronic and physicochemical properties, and have, therefore, attracted a great deal of interest in the sensor arena. The introduction of AgNPs onto the surface of two-dimensional (2D) structures, incorporation into conductive polymers, or within three-dimensional (3D) nanohybrid architectures is a common strategy to fabricate novel platforms with improved chemical and physical properties for analyte sensing. In the first section of this review, the main wet chemical reduction approaches for the successful synthesis of functional AgNPs for electrochemical sensing applications are discussed. Then, a brief section on the sensing principles of voltammetric and amperometric sensors is given. The current utilization of silver nanoparticles and silver-based composite nanomaterials for the fabrication of voltammetric and amperometric sensors as novel platforms for the detection of environmental pollutants in water matrices is summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future directions for the nanosilver-based electrochemical sensing of environmental pollutants are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Ivanišević
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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9
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Flexible electroactive membranes for the electrochemical detection of dopamine. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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10
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Aqsa Batool Bukhari S, Nasir H, Sitara E, Akhtar T, Ramazan Oduncu M, Iram S, Pan L. Efficient electrochemical detection of dopamine with carbon nanocoils and copper tetra(p-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin nanocomposite. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Gong T, Das CM, Yin MJ, Lv TR, Singh NM, Soehartono AM, Singh G, An QF, Yong KT. Development of SERS tags for human diseases screening and detection. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Khoshraftar R, Reza Shishehbore M, Sheibani A. Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide- Cu NPs-Fe-MOF nanocomposite and its application to simultaneous determination of Eskazina and Dopamine in real samples. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Facile Fabrication of CuO Nanoparticles Embedded in N-Doped Carbon Nanostructure for Electrochemical Sensing of Dopamine. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:6482133. [PMID: 36276988 PMCID: PMC9586835 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6482133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a highly selective and sensitive electrochemical sensing platform for the detection of dopamine was developed with CuO nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbon nanostructure (CuO@NDC). The successfully fabricated nanostructures were characterized by standard instrumentation techniques. The fabricated CuO@NDC nanostructures were used for the development of dopamine electrochemical sensor. The reaction mechanism of a dopamine on the electrode surface is a three-electron three-proton process. The proposed sensor's performance was shown to be superior to several recently reported investigations. Under optimized conditions, the linear equation for detecting dopamine by differential pulse voltammetry is Ipa (μA) = 0.07701 c (μM) − 0.1232 (R2 = 0.996), and the linear range is 5-75 μM. The limit of detection (LOD) and sensitivity were calculated as 0.868 μM and 421.1 μA/μM, respectively. The sensor has simple preparation, low cost, high sensitivity, good stability, and good reproducibility.
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Elfiky M, Gaber M, Mousa M, Salahuddin N. Synthesis and validation of ultrasensitive stripping voltammetric sensor based on polypyrrole@ZnO/Fe 3O 4 core-shell nanostructure for picomolar detection of artesunate and dopamine drugs. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3739-3750. [PMID: 36124547 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00864e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A stripping voltammetric sensor for ultrasensitive detection of artesunate (ART) and dopamine HCl (DA) has been successfully developed using a Ppy@ZnO/Fe3O4 core-shell nanocomposite ([PZM])-modified carbon paste sensor (MCPS). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area method, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of the nanomaterials. Noteworthily, the morphology of [PZM] reveals a spherical core-shell nanostructure with an increase in the average diameter range of 20-37.5 nm (specific surface area (SSA) of 28.5 m2 g-1 (0.0247 cm3 g-1)) when compared with the average diameter range 7.5-15.7 nm (SSA of 5.43 m2 g-1 (0.0111 cm3 g-1)) of ZnO/Fe3O4[ZM]. The [PZM] MCPS provided the best electroactive surface area (0.078 cm2) and the least electrocatalytic activity (Rst = 370 Ω). Furthermore, the MCPS showed low detection limits (LODs) of 0.092 pg mL-1 (0.24 pM) and 0.0046 pg mL-1 (0.03 pM) for ART and DA, respectively. Moreover, LODs were found to be 0.029 pg mL-1 (0.75 pM) and 0.014 pg mL-1 (0.09 pM) for ART mixed with 0.7 pM of DA (ART1) and DA in the presence of 2.0 pM of ART drug (DA1), respectively. In addition, the MCPS revealed a proper repeatability, reproducibility, and storage stability (93.5-90.48%). During the routine analysis, the [PZM] MCPS detected ART and DA concentrations in human urine, without interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Elfiky
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Gaber
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Maie Mousa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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Amperometric Biosensor Based on Laccase Enzyme, Gold Nanoparticles, and Glutaraldehyde for the Determination of Dopamine in Biological and Environmental Samples. Mol Vis 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/c8030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work reports the development and application of an amperometric biosensor based on carbon paste electrode modified with laccase enzyme, glutaraldehyde, and gold nanoparticles (Lac-Glu-AuNPs/CPE) for the determination of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA). The materials were characterized morphologically and chemically using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cyclic voltammetry. Optimization studies were performed in order to determine the optimal amount of enzyme and pH level that can yield the best conditions of analysis. The application of the biosensor in optimal conditions using the amperometric technique yielded a linear concentration range of 8.0 × 10−7–6.2 × 10−5 mol L−1 with a limit of detection of 6.0 × 10−8 mol L−1. The proposed biosensor was successfully applied for the determination of DA in biological and environmental samples. In addition, the application of the biosensor for the conduct of electrochemical measurements showed that the sensing device has good repeatability and stability, and it does not suffer from matrix interference effects. The proposed biosensor exhibited an analytical signal of 85% after 10 days of consecutive use.
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In Situ Synthesis of a Bi 2Te 3-Nanosheet/Reduced-Graphene-Oxide Nanocomposite for Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Dopamine Sensing. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122009. [PMID: 35745351 PMCID: PMC9228124 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that helps cells to transmit pulsed chemicals. Therefore, dopamine detection is crucial from the viewpoint of human health. Dopamine determination is typically achieved via chromatography, fluorescence, electrochemiluminescence, colorimetry, and enzyme-linked methods. However, most of these methods employ specific biological enzymes or involve complex detection processes. Therefore, non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors are attracting attention owing to their high sensitivity, speed, and simplicity. In this study, a simple one-step fabrication of a Bi2Te3-nanosheet/reduced-graphene-oxide (BT/rGO) nanocomposite was achieved using a hydrothermal method to modify electrodes for electrochemical dopamine detection. The combination of the BT nanosheets with the rGO surface was investigated by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry were performed to analyze the electrochemical-dopamine-detection characteristics of the BT/rGO nanocomposite. The BT/rGO-modified electrode exhibited higher catalytic activity for electrocatalytic oxidation of 100 µM dopamine (94.91 µA, 0.24 V) than that of the BT-modified (4.55 µA, 0.26 V), rGO-modified (13.24 µA, 0.23 V), and bare glassy carbon electrode (2.86 µA, 0.35 V); this was attributed to the synergistic effect of the electron transfer promoted by the highly conductive rGO and the large specific surface area/high charge-carrier mobility of the two-dimensional BT nanosheets. The BT/rGO-modified electrode showed a detection limit of 0.06 µM for dopamine in a linear range of 10–1000 µM. Additionally, it exhibited satisfactory reproducibility, stability, selectivity, and acceptable recovery in real samples.
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Eremina OE, Yarenkov NR, Kapitanova OO, Zelenetskaya AS, Smirnov EA, Shekhovtsova TN, Goodilin EA, Veselova IA. Molecular Immobilization and Resonant Raman Amplification by Complex-Loaded Enhancers (MIRRACLE) on copper (II)-chitosan-modified SERS-active metallic nanostructured substrates for multiplex determination of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:211. [PMID: 35505261 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A unique approach based on Molecular Immobilization and Resonant Raman Amplification by Complex-Loaded Enhancers (MIRRACLE) on copper (II)-chitosan-modified SERS-active metallic nanostructured substrates is proposed for sensitive and rapid determination of the catecholamines (CA) dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. The ternary (CA)2Cu(4AAP)2 complexes were characterized by the appearance of new absorbance bands at 555, 600, and 500 nm for dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, respectively. The new absorbance band matched with a broad surface plasmon resonance band of utilized silver nanoparticles: 450-600 nm, and 633 excitation wavelength. We observed enhancement factors up to 3.6·106 due to the additional resonant enhancement. The multiplexing capabilities of quantitative spectral unmixing for Raman spectra of a group of CAs, which differ by only either hydroxy or methyl group, at the fingerprint region were successfully demonstrated with the direct classic least squares model. The achieved nM limits of detection with only 1.5 mW laser power and analysis of spiked human blood plasma samples proved the possibility of the multiplex determination of the catecholamines at the level of reference concentrations in the blood of healthy people as well as promise for the future facilitation in the precision diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga E Eremina
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Nikita R Yarenkov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Olesya O Kapitanova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - Evgeny A Smirnov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - Eugene A Goodilin
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Irina A Veselova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Rather I, Sofi FA, Bhat MA, Ali R. Synthesis of Novel One-Walled meso-Phenylboronic Acid-Functionalized Calix[4]pyrrole: A Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Dopamine. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15082-15089. [PMID: 35572746 PMCID: PMC9089685 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Facile access to new one-walled meso-substituted phenylboronic acid-functionalized calix[4]pyrrole (C4P) has been revealed for the first time, starting from cost-effective and easily accessible materials. The structures of both the intermediate dipyrromethane (DPM) and the targeted functionalized C4P have been confirmed by means of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, and HRMS spectral data. The voltammetric investigations of the functionalized C4P films cast over a glassy carbon electrode (C4P-GCE) clearly establish the redox stability and redox accessibility of the boronic acid functional moiety present in the C4P framework. We demonstrate that the presence of the unique boronic acid functionality in the C4P endows it with an excellent potential for the highly sensitive electrochemical sensing of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA). A linear correlation between the strength of the Faradaic signals corresponding to the electro-oxidation of DA over C4P-GCE and the concentration of DA was observed in a concentration range as wide as 0.165-2.302 μM. The C4P-GCE has revealed exceptional stability and reproducibility in the electrochemical sensing of DA, with a nanomolar level limit of detection as low as 15 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq
Ahmad Rather
- Organic
and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Feroz Ahmad Sofi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Mohsin Ahmad Bhat
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Rashid Ali
- Organic
and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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Kaan Kaya H, Haghmoradi N, Yarar Kaplan B, Kuralay F. Platinum nanoparticles loaded carbon black: reduced graphene oxide hybrid platforms for label-free electrochemical DNA and oxidative DNA damage sensing. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Navid Arbabi, Hadi Beitollahi. Ti3C2 Nano Layer Modified Screen Printed Electrode as a Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Determination of Dopamine and Tyrosine. SURFACE ENGINEERING AND APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068375522010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Şen M, Azizi E, Avcı İ, Aykaç A, Ensarioğlu K, Ok İ, Yavuz GF, Güneş F. Screen printed carbon electrodes modified with 3D nanostructured materials for bioanalysis. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - İpek Avcı
- Izmir Katip Celebi Universitesi TURKEY
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Tuan Le H, Thuy Nhi Le K, Phuong Ngo Q, Thanh Tran D, Hoon Kim N, Hee Lee J. Mo and Zn-Dual doped Cu xO nanocrystals confined High-Conductive Cu arrays as novel sensitive sensor for neurotransmitter detection. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 606:1031-1041. [PMID: 34487926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of sensitive and selective sensors using facile and low-cost methods for detecting neurotransmitter molecules is a critical factor in the health care system in regard to early diagnosis. In this research, an electrocatalyst derived from Mo,Zn dual-doped CuxO nanocrystals-based layer coating over one-dimensional copper nanowire arrays (Mo,Zn-CuxO/CuNWs) was successfully designed using a facile electrodeposition approach and used as an electrochemical sensor for non-enzymatic dopamine (DA) neurotransmitter detection. The synergistic effect caused by the dual-doping effect along with its excellent conductivity produced a large electroactive surface area and an improved hetero-charge transfer, thereby boosting DA sensing ability with a low limit detection of 0.32 µM, wide-range of detection (0.5 µM - 3.9 mM), long-term stability (5 weeks), and high selectivity in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4). Also, the sensor accurately determined DA in real blood serum-spiked solutions. The achieved results evidenced that the Mo,Zn-CuxO/CuNWs derived sensor is highly suitable for DA detection. Therefore, it also opens new windows for the development of low-cost, accurate, high-performance, and stable sensors for other neurotransmitter sensing for the purposes of better health care and early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu Tuan Le
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kha Thuy Nhi Le
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Quynh Phuong Ngo
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy Thanh Tran
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joong Hee Lee
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea; Carbon Composite Research Center, Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Deng H, Zhao J, Zhao S, Jiang S, Cui G. A graphene-based electrochemical flow analysis device for simultaneous determination of dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and melatonin. Analyst 2022; 147:1598-1610. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02318g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A graphene-based electrochemical flow analysis device for simultaneous determination of dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Deng
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shifan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Guofeng Cui
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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Imanzadeh H, Bakirhan NK, Kuralay F, Amiri M, Ozkan SA. Achievements of Graphene and Its Derivatives Materials on Electrochemical Drug Assays and Drug-DNA Interactions. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:1263-1284. [PMID: 34941476 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2018568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, emerging as a true two-dimensional (2D) material, has attracted increasing attention due to its unique physical and electrochemical properties such as high surface area, excellent conductivity, high mechanical strength, and ease of functionalization and mass production. The entire scientific community recognizes the significance and potential impact of graphene. Electrochemical detection strategies have advantages such as being simple, fast, and low-cost. The use of graphene as an excellent interface for electrode modification provides a promising way to construct more sensitive and stable electrochemical (bio)sensors. The review presents sensors based on graphene and its derivatives for electrochemical drug assays from pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples. Future perspectives in this rapidly developing field are also discussed. In addition, the interaction of several important anticancer drug molecules with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that was immobilized onto graphene-modified electrodes has been detailed in terms of dosage regulation and utility purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Imanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurgul K Bakirhan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Kuralay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mandana Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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25
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Thakur N, Gupta D, Mandal D, Nagaiah TC. Ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors for dopamine and cholesterol: recent advances, challenges and strategies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13084-13113. [PMID: 34811563 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05271c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and accurate determination of the dopamine (neurotransmitter) and cholesterol level in bio-fluids is significant because they are crucial bioanalytes for several lethal diseases, which require early diagnosis. The level of DA in the brain is modulated by the dopamine active transporter (DAT), and is influenced by cholesterol levels in the lipid membrane environment. Accordingly, electrochemical biosensors offer rapid and accurate detection and exhibit unique features such as low detection limits even with reduced volumes of analyte, affordability, simple handling, portability and versatility, making them appropriate to deal with augmented challenges in current clinical and point-of-care diagnostics for the determination of dopamine (DA) and cholesterol. This feature article focuses on the development of ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors for the detection of cholesterol and DA for real-time and onsite applications that can detect targeted analytes with reduced volumes and sub-picomolar concentrations with quick response times. Furthermore, the development of ultrasensitive biosensors via cost-effective, simple fabrication procedures, displaying high sensitivity, selectivity, reliability and good stability is significant in the impending era of electrochemical biosensing. Herein, we emphasize on recent advanced nanomaterials used for the ultrasensitive detection of DA and cholesterol and discuss in depth their electrochemical activities towards ultrasensitive responses. Key points describing future perspectives and the challenges during detection with their probable solutions are discussed, and the current market is also surveyed. Further, a comprehensive review of the literature indicates that there is room for improvement in the miniaturization of cholesterol and dopamine biosensors for lab-on-chip devices and overcoming the current technical limitations to facilitate full utilization by patients at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab - 140001, India.
| | - Divyani Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab - 140001, India.
| | - Debaprasad Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab - 140001, India.
| | - Tharamani C Nagaiah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab - 140001, India.
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Beaver K, Dantanarayana A, Minteer SD. Materials Approaches for Improving Electrochemical Sensor Performance. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:11820-11834. [PMID: 34677956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors have emerged as important diagnostic tools in recent years, due to their simplicity and ease of use. Compared to instrumental analysis methods that use complicated experimental and data analysis techniques─such as mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), spectrophotometric methods, and chromatography─electrochemical sensors show promise for use in a wide range of real-time and in situ applications such as pharmaceutical testing, environmental monitoring, and medical diagnostics. In order to identify analytes in complex and/or biological samples, materials used for both the electrode materials and the chemically selective layer have been evolving throughout the years for optimizing the analytical performance of electrochemical sensors to increase sensitivity, selectivity and linear range. In this Perspective, attention will be focused on different types of materials that have been used for electrochemical sensing, including new combinations of well-studied materials as well as novel strategies to enhance the performance of sensing devices. The Perspective will also discuss existing challenges in the field and future strategies for addressing those challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Beaver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ashwini Dantanarayana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Jadoon T, Ahsin A, Ullah F, Mahmood T, Ayub K. Adsorption mechanism of p- aminophenol over silver-graphene composite: A first principles study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Kim A, Varga I, Adhikari A, Patel R. Recent Advances in Layered Double Hydroxide-Based Electrochemical and Optical Sensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2809. [PMID: 34835574 PMCID: PMC8624839 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have attracted considerable attention as promising materials for electrochemical and optical sensors owing to their excellent catalytic properties, facile synthesis strategies, highly tunable morphology, and versatile hosting ability. LDH-based electrochemical sensors are affordable alternatives to traditional precious-metal-based sensors, as LDHs can be synthesized from abundant inorganic precursors. LDH-modified probes can directly catalyze or host catalytic compounds that facilitate analyte redox reactions, detected as changes in the probe's current, voltage, or resistance. The porous and lamellar structure of LDHs allows rapid analyte diffusion and abundant active sites for enhanced sensor sensitivity. LDHs can be composed of conductive materials such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO) or metal nanoparticles for improved catalytic activity and analyte selectivity. As optical sensors, LDHs provide a spacious, stable structure for synergistic guest-host interactions. LDHs can immobilize fluorophores, chemiluminescence reactants, and other spectroscopically active materials to reduce the aggregation and dissolution of the embedded sensor molecules, yielding enhanced optical responses and increased probe reusability. This review discusses standard LDH synthesis methods and overviews the different electrochemical and optical analysis techniques. Furthermore, the designs and modifications of exemplary LDHs and LDH composite materials are analyzed, focusing on the analytical performance of LDH-based sensors for key biomarkers and pollutants, including glucose, dopamine (DA), H2O2, metal ions, nitrogen-based toxins, and other organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York, NY 10003, USA;
| | - Imre Varga
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Rajkumar Patel
- Energy and Environmental Science and Engineering (EESE), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Korea
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Gunes O, Sarilmaz A, Bas SZ, Ozmen M, Ozel F, Ersoz M. Electrochemical Detection of Epinephrine Based on a Screen‐printed Electrode Modified with NiO−ERGO Nanocomposite Film. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Gunes
- Department of Chemistry Selcuk University 42250 Konya Turkey
| | - Adem Sarilmaz
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University 70200 Karaman Turkey
| | - Salih Zeki Bas
- Department of Chemistry Selcuk University 42250 Konya Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozmen
- Department of Chemistry Selcuk University 42250 Konya Turkey
| | - Faruk Ozel
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University 70200 Karaman Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ersoz
- Department of Chemistry Selcuk University 42250 Konya Turkey
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Islam S, Shaheen Shah S, Naher S, Ali Ehsan M, Aziz MA, Ahammad AJS. Graphene and Carbon Nanotube-based Electrochemical Sensing Platforms for Dopamine. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3516-3543. [PMID: 34487610 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter, which is created and released from the central nervous system. It plays a crucial role in human activities, like cognition, emotions, and response to anything. Maladjustment of DA in human blood serum results in different neural diseases, like Parkinson's and Schizophrenia. Consequently, researchers have started working on DA detection in blood serum, which is undoubtedly a hot research area. Electrochemical sensing techniques are more promising to detect DA in real samples. However, utilizing conventional electrodes for selective determination of DA encounters numerous problems due to the coexistence of other materials, such as uric acid and ascorbic acid, which have an oxidation potential close to DA. To overcome such problems, researchers have put their focus on the modification of bare electrodes. The aim of this review is to present recent advances in modifications of most used bare electrodes with carbonaceous materials, especially graphene, its derivatives, and carbon nanotubes, for electrochemical detection of DA. A brief discussion about the mechanistic phenomena at the electrode interface has also been included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santa Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Shaheen Shah
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.,Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5047, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamsun Naher
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Ali Ehsan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Abdul Aziz
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - A J Saleh Ahammad
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
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31
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Li D, Wu C, Tang X, Zhang Y, Wang T. Electrochemical Sensors Applied for In vitro Diagnosis. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-0387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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32
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Ashraf G, Asif M, Aziz A, Iftikhar T, Liu H. Rice-Spikelet-like Copper Oxide Decorated with Platinum Stranded in the CNT Network for Electrochemical In Vitro Detection of Serotonin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6023-6033. [PMID: 33496593 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The specific monitoring of serotonin (ST) has provoked massive interest in therapeutic and biological science since it has been recognized as the third most significant endogenous gastrointestinal neurotransmitter. Hence, there is a great need to develop a sensitive and low-cost sensing platform for the detection of a clinically relevant ST level in biological matrices. Herein, we develop a simple two-step approach for an ultrasensitive electrochemical (EC) sensor with the Cu2O metal oxide (MO)-incorporated CNT core that has been further deposited with a transitional amount of platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs). We presented, for the first time, the deposition of Pt NPs on the (CNTs-Cu2O-CuO) nanopetal composite via the galvanic replacement method, where copper not only acts as a reductant but a sacrificial template as well. The electrocatalytic aptitude of the fabricated EC sensing platform has been assessed for the sensitive detection of ST as a proficient biomarker in early disease diagnostics. The synergy of improved active surface area, remarkable conductivity, polarization effect induced by Pt NPs on CNTs-Cu2O-CuO nanopetals, fast electron transfer, and mixed-valence states of copper boost up the redox processes at the electrode-analyte junction. The CNTs-Cu2O-CuO@Pt-modified electrode has unveiled outstanding electrocatalytic capabilities toward ST oxidation in terms of a low detection limit of 3 nM (S/N = 3), wide linear concentration range, reproducibility, and incredible durability. Owing to the amazing proficiency, the proposed EC sensor based on the CNTs-Cu2O-CuO@Pt heterostructure has been applied for ST detection in biotic fluids and real-time tracking of ST efflux released from various cell lines as early disease diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Ashraf
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Ayesha Aziz
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Tayyaba Iftikhar
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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Tajik S, Dourandish Z, Jahani PM, Sheikhshoaie I, Beitollahi H, Shahedi Asl M, Jang HW, Shokouhimehr M. Recent developments in voltammetric and amperometric sensors for cysteine detection. RSC Adv 2021; 11:5411-5425. [PMID: 35423079 PMCID: PMC8694840 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07614g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article aims to provide an overview of the recent advances in the voltammetric and amperometric sensing of cysteine (Cys). The introduction summarizes the important role of Cys as an essential amino acid, techniques for its sensing, and the utilization of electrochemical methods and chemically modified electrodes for its determination. The main section covers voltammetric and amperometric sensing of Cys based on glassy carbon electrodes, screen printed electrodes, and carbon paste electrodes, modified with various electrocatalytic materials. The conclusion section discusses the current challenges of Cys determination and the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Tajik
- Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Zahra Dourandish
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman 76175-133 Iran
| | | | - Iran Sheikhshoaie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman 76175-133 Iran
| | - Hadi Beitollahi
- Environment Department, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology Kerman Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahedi Asl
- Marine Additive Manufacturing Centre of Excellence (MAMCE), University of New Brunswick Fredericton NB E3B 5A1 Canada
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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Amiri M, Akbari Javar H, Mahmoudi‐Moghaddam H. Facile Green Synthesis of NiO/NiCo
2
O
4
Nanocomposite as an Efficient Electrochemical Platform for Determination of Dopamine. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Amiri
- Neuroscience Research Center Institute of Neuropharmacology Kerman University of Medical Science Kerman Iran
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center Kerman University of Medical Science Kerman Iran
| | - Hamid Akbari Javar
- Pharmaceutics Department Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hadi Mahmoudi‐Moghaddam
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
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35
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Alarfaj NA, El-Tohamy MF. New Functionalized Polymeric Sensor Based NiO/MgO Nanocomposite for Potentiometric Determination of Doxorubicin Hydrochloride in Commercial Injections and Human Plasma. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3066. [PMID: 33371354 PMCID: PMC7767339 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultra-functional potential of nickel oxide (NiO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs), provides for extensive attention in the use of these metal oxides as a remarkable and electroactive nanocomposite in potentiometric and sensing investigations. This work proposed a new strategy for quantifying doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) in pharmaceuticals and human plasma by preparing a NiO/MgO core-shell nanocomposite modified coated wire membrane sensor. Doxorubicin hydrochloride was incorporated with phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) to produce doxorubicin hydrochloride phosphomolybdate (DOX-PM) as an electroactive material in the presence of polymeric high molecular weight poly vinyl chloride (PVC) and solvent mediator o-nitrophenyloctyl ether (o-NPOE). The modified sensor exhibited ultra sensitivity and high selectivity for the detection and quantification of doxorubicin hydrochloride with a linear relationship in the range of 1.0 × 10-11-1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1. The equation of regression was estimated to be EmV = (57.86 ± 0.8) log [DOX] + 723.19. However, the conventional type DOX-PM showed a potential response over a concentration range of 1.0 × 10-6-1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1 and a regression equation of EmV = (52.92 ± 0.5) log [DOX] + 453.42. The suggested sensors were successfully used in the determination of doxorubicin hydrochloride in commercial injections and human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maha F. El-Tohamy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
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Senel M, Dervisevic E, Alhassen S, Dervisevic M, Alachkar A, Cadarso VJ, Voelcker NH. Microfluidic Electrochemical Sensor for Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Dopamine Detection in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12347-12355. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Senel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4625, United States
| | - Esma Dervisevic
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sammy Alhassen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4625, United States
| | - Muamer Dervisevic
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Amal Alachkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4625, United States
| | - Victor J. Cadarso
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication (MCN), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication (MCN), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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Tajik S, Beitollahi H, Mohammadi SZ, Azimzadeh M, Zhang K, Van Le Q, Yamauchi Y, Jang HW, Shokouhimehr M. Recent developments in electrochemical sensors for detecting hydrazine with different modified electrodes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:30481-30498. [PMID: 35516027 PMCID: PMC9056357 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03288c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of hydrazine (HZ) is an important application in analytical chemistry. There have been recent advancements in using electrochemical detection for HZ. Electrochemical detection for HZ offers many advantages, e.g., high sensitivity, selectivity, speed, low investment and running cost, and low laboriousness. In addition, these methods are robust, reproducible, user-friendly, and compatible with the concept of green analytical chemistry. This review is devoted to the critical comparison of electrochemical sensors and measuring protocols used for the voltammetric and amperometric detection of the most frequently used HZ in water resources with desirable recovery. Attention is focused on the working electrode and its possible modification which is crucial for further development. The detection of hydrazine (HZ) is an important application in analytical chemistry.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Tajik
- Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences
- Kerman
- Iran
| | - Hadi Beitollahi
- Environment Department
- Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences
- Graduate University of Advanced Technology
- Kerman
- Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Azimzadeh
- Medical Nanotechnology & Tissue Engineering Research Center
- Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute
- Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
- Yazd
- Iran
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development
- Duy Tan University
- Da Nang 550000
- Vietnam
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
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