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Li TY, Zheng SJ, Djurovich PI, Thompson ME. Two-Coordinate Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Coinage Metal Complexes: Molecular Design, Photophysical Characters, and Device Application. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4332-4392. [PMID: 38546341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Since the emergence of the first green light emission from a fluorescent thin-film organic light emitting diode (OLED) in the mid-1980s, a global consumer market for OLED displays has flourished over the past few decades. This growth can primarily be attributed to the development of noble metal phosphorescent emitters that facilitated remarkable gains in electrical conversion efficiency, a broadened color gamut, and vibrant image quality for OLED displays. Despite these achievements, the limited abundance of noble metals in the Earth's crust has spurred ongoing efforts to discover cost-effective electroluminescent materials. One particularly promising avenue is the exploration of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), a mechanism with the potential to fully harness excitons in OLEDs. Recently, investigations have unveiled TADF in a series of two-coordinate coinage metal (Cu, Ag, and Au) complexes. These organometallic TADF materials exhibit distinctive behavior in comparison to their organic counterparts. They offer benefits such as tunable emissive colors, short TADF emission lifetimes, high luminescent quantum yields, and reasonable stability. Impressively, both vacuum-deposited and solution-processed OLEDs incorporating these materials have achieved outstanding performance. This review encompasses various facets on two-coordinate TADF coinage metal complexes, including molecular design, photophysical characterizations, elucidation of structure-property relationships, and OLED applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shu-Jia Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peter I Djurovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mark E Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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2
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Huang R, He Y, Wang J, Zou J, Wang H, Sun H, Xiao Y, Zheng D, Ma J, Yu T, Huang W. Tunable afterglow for mechanical self-monitoring 3D printing structures. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1596. [PMID: 38383670 PMCID: PMC10882007 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-monitoring materials have promising applications in structural health monitoring. However, developing organic afterglow materials for self-monitoring is a highly intriguing yet challenging task. Herein, we design two organic molecules with a twisted donor-acceptor-acceptor' configuration and achieve dual-emissive afterglow with tunable lifetimes (86.1-287.7 ms) by doping into various matrices. Based on a photosensitive resin, a series of complex structures are prepared using 3D printing technology. They exhibit tunable afterglow lifetime and Young's Modulus by manipulating the photocuring time and humidity level. With sufficient photocuring or in dry conditions, a long-lived bright green afterglow without apparent deformation under external loading is realized. We demonstrate that the mechanical properties of complex 3D printing structures can be well monitored by controlling the photocuring time and humidity, and quantitively manifested by afterglow lifetimes. This work casts opportunities for constructing flexible 3D printing devices that can achieve sensing and real-time mechanical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjuan Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, Ningbo, 315103, China
| | - Yunfei He
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jindou Zou
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Haodong Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yuxin Xiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Dexin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jiani Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, Ningbo, 315103, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Wang Z, Liu Y, He C, Zhang X, Li X, Li Y, Tang Y, Lu X, Fan Q. Small-Molecule Phototheranostic Agent with Extended π-Conjugation for Efficient NIR-II Photoacoustic-Imaging-Guided Photothermal Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2307829. [PMID: 38044585 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal therapy (PTT) conducted over the near-infrared-II (NIR-II) window offer the benefits of noninvasiveness and deep tissue penetration. This necessitates the development of highly effective therapeutic agents with NIR-II photoresponsivity. Currently, the predominant organic diagnostic agents used in NIR-II PAI-guided PTT are conjugated polymeric materials. However, they exhibit a low in vivo clearance rate and long-term biotoxicity, limiting their clinical translation. In this study, an organic small molecule (CY-1234) with NIR-II absorption and nanoencapsulation (CY-1234 nanoparticles (NPs)) for PAI-guided PTT is reported. Extended π-conjugation is achieved in the molecule by introducing donor-acceptor units at both ends of the molecule. Consequently, CY-1234 exhibits a maximum absorption peak at 1234 nm in tetrahydrofuran. Nanoaggregates of CY-1234 are synthesized via F-127 encapsulation. They exhibit an excellent photothermal conversion efficiency of 76.01% upon NIR-II light irradiation. After intravenous injection of CY-1234 NPs into tumor-bearing mice, strong PA signals and excellent tumor ablation are observed under 1064 nm laser irradiation. This preliminary study can pave the way for the development of small-molecule organic nanoformulations for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chunxu He
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yufu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Quli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Skhirtladze L, Bezvikonnyi O, Keruckienė R, Dvylys L, Mahmoudi M, Labanauskas L, Ariffin A, Grazulevicius JV. Derivatives of Pyridazine with Phenoxazine and 9,9-Dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine Donor Moieties Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1294. [PMID: 36770299 PMCID: PMC9919726 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two compounds based on pyridazine as the acceptor core and 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine or phenoxazine donor moieties were designed and synthesized by Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction. The electronic, photophysical, and electrochemical properties of the compounds were studied by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), photoluminescence spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and cyclic voltammetry. The compounds are characterized by high thermal stabilities. Their 5% weight loss temperatures are 314 and 336 °C. Complete weight loss of both pyridazine-based compounds was detected by TGA, indicating sublimation. The derivative of pyridazine and 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine is capable of glass formation. Its glass transition temperature is 80 °C. The geometries and electronic characteristics of the compounds were substantiated using density functional theory (DFT). The compounds exhibited emission from the intramolecular charge transfer state manifested by positive solvatochromism. The emission in the range of 534-609 nm of the toluene solutions of the compounds is thermally activated delayed fluorescence with lifetimes of 93 and 143 ns, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levani Skhirtladze
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Oleksandr Bezvikonnyi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51369 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Keruckienė
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lukas Dvylys
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Malek Mahmoudi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Linas Labanauskas
- Center for Physical Sciences & Technology, Department of Organic Chemistry, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Azhar Ariffin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Juozas V. Grazulevicius
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
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5
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Bian J, Chen S, Qiu L, Zhang N, Zhang J, Duan C, Han C, Xu H. Synergetic Insulation and Induction Effects Selectively Optimize Multiresonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. RESEARCH 2022; 2022:9838120. [PMID: 35935131 PMCID: PMC9275084 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9838120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiresonance (MR) emitters featuring narrowband emissions and theoretically 100% exciton harvesting are great potential for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) applications. However, how to functionalize MR molecules without scarifying emission color purity is still a key challenge. Herein, we report a feasible strategy for selective optimization of MR molecules, which is demonstrated by a blue MR emitter tCBNDASPO substituted with a diphenylphosphine oxide (DPPO) group. Compared to its DPPO-free parent molecule, tCBNDASPO preserves narrowband feature with full widths at half maximum (FWHM) values of 28 nm in film and 32 nm in OLEDs and achieves 40% increased photoluminescence (92%) and electroluminescence quantum efficiencies (28%). It is showed that insulation effect of P=O effectively confines the singlet excited state on MR core to keep emission color purity, and its induction effect enhances singlet radiation and triplet-to-singlet conversion. This synergism for selective optimization is based on rational linkage between MR core and functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkun Bian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, China
| | - Su Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, China
| | - Lili Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, China
| | - Chunbo Duan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, China
| | - Chunmiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, China
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6
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Zhang H, Liu C, Zhang J, Du CX, Zhang B. Highly Emissive Platinum(II) Complexes Bearing Bulky Phenyltriazolate Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysics. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Chen-xia Du
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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Jena S, Eyyathiyil J, Behera SK, Kitahara M, Imai Y, Thilagar P. Crystallization induced room-temperature phosphorescence and chiral photoluminescence properties of phosphoramides. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5893-5901. [PMID: 35685799 PMCID: PMC9132070 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00990k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the design and synthesis of a series of room temperature phosphorescent phosphoramides TPTZPO, TPTZPS, and TPTZPSe with a donor (phenothiazine)-acceptor (P = X, X = O, S, and Se) architecture. All the compounds show structureless fluorescence with a nanosecond lifetime in dilute solutions. However, these compounds show dual fluorescence and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in the solid state. Both the intensity and energy of luminescence depend on the heteroatom attached to the phosphorus center. For example, compound TPTZPO with the P[double bond, length as m-dash]O unit exhibits fluorescence at a higher energy region than TPTZPS and TPTZPSe with the P[double bond, length as m-dash]S and P[double bond, length as m-dash]Se groups, respectively. Crystalline samples of TPTZPO, TPTZPS, and TPTZPSe show stronger RTP than the amorphous powder of respective compounds. Detailed steady-state, time-resolved photoluminescence and computational studies established that the 3n-π* state dominated by the phenothiazine moiety is the emissive state of these compounds. Although TPTZPS and TPTZPSe crystallized in the chiral space group, only TPTZPSe showed chiroptical properties in the solid state. The luminescence dissymmetry factor (g lum) value of TPTZPS is small and below the detection limit, and a CPL spectrum could not be observed for this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Jena
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India - 560012
| | - Jusaina Eyyathiyil
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India - 560012
| | - Santosh Kumar Behera
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India - 560012
| | - Maho Kitahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Yoshitane Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India - 560012
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Bian J, Chen S, Qiu L, Tian R, Man Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Zhang J, Duan C, Han C, Xu H. Ambipolar Self-Host Functionalization Accelerates Blue Multi-Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence with Internal Quantum Efficiency of 100. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110547. [PMID: 35233858 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Emerging multi-resonance (MR) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters can combine 100% exciton harvesting and high color purity for their organic light-emitting diodes (OLED). However, the highly planar configurations of MR molecules lead to intermolecular-interaction-induced quenching. A feasible way is integrating host segments into MR molecules, namely a "self-host" strategy, but without involving additional charge transfer and/or vibrational components to excited states. Herein, an ambipolar self-host featured MR emitter, tCBNDADPO, is demonstrated, whose ambipolar host segment (DADPO) significantly and comprehensively improves the TADF properties, especially greatly accelerated singlet radiative rate constant of 2.11 × 108 s-1 and exponentially reduced nonradiative rate constants. Consequently, at the same time as preserving narrowband blue emission with an FWHM of ≈28 nm at a high doping concentration of 30%, tCBNDADPO reveals state-of-the-art photoluminescence and electroluminescence quantum efficiencies of 99% and 30%, respectively. The corresponding 100% internal quantum efficiency of tCBNDADPO supported by an ultrasimple trilayer and heavily doped device demonstrates the feasibility of the ambipolar self-host strategy for constructing practically applicable MR materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkun Bian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Su Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Lili Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Rundong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yi Man
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yidan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Chunbo Duan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Chunmiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
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Liu Y, Teng L, Yin B, Meng H, Yin X, Huan S, Song G, Zhang XB. Chemical Design of Activatable Photoacoustic Probes for Precise Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6850-6918. [PMID: 35234464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging technology, a three-dimensional hybrid imaging modality that integrates the advantage of optical and acoustic imaging, has great application prospects in molecular imaging due to its high imaging depth and resolution. To endow PA imaging with the ability for real-time molecular visualization and precise biomedical diagnosis, numerous activatable molecular PA probes which can specifically alter their PA intensities upon reacting with the targets or biological events of interest have been developed. This review highlights the recent developments of activatable PA probes for precise biomedical applications including molecular detection of the biotargets and imaging of the biological events. First, the generation mechanism of PA signals will be given, followed by a brief introduction to contrast agents used for PA probe design. Then we will particularly summarize the general design principles for the alteration of PA signals and activatable strategies for developing precise PA probes. Furthermore, we will give a detailed discussion of activatable PA probes in molecular detection and biomedical imaging applications in living systems. At last, the current challenges and outlooks of future PA probes will be discussed. We hope that this review will stimulate new ideas to explore the potentials of activatable PA probes for precise biomedical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lili Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Baoli Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hongmin Meng
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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10
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Zhang H, Liu C, Du C, Zhang B. Efficiently red emitting cycloplatinated(II) complexes supported by N^O and N^P benzimidazole ancillary ligands. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Yang H, Zhang M, Zhao J, Pu C, Lin H, Tao S, Zheng C, Zhang X. Improving Efficiency of Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter by Introducing
Quasi‐Degenerate
Orbital Distribution. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao‐Yu Yang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Jue‐Wen Zhao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China
| | - Chun‐Peng Pu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China
| | - Hui Lin
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China
| | - Si‐Lu Tao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China
| | - Cai‐Jun Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China
| | - Xiao‐Hong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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12
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Efficient synthesis of decahydroacridine-1,8-diones and polyhydroquinolines using the step-wise method. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Li J, Li T, Zhang M, Guo D, Zhang H. Rational designs of structurally similar TADF and HLCT emitters with benzo- or naphtho-carbazole units as electron donors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25937-25949. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03500f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Structurally similar D–A type molecules with the combination of benzo- or naphtho-carbazole units as electron donors and tunable electron acceptors with different electron-withdrawing ability are designed to realize HLCT and TADF emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Mingfan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Dongxue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Houyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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14
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Zhang H, Liu C, Yin G, Du C, Zhang B. Efficiently luminescent heteroleptic neutral platinum(II) complexes based on N^O and N^P benzimidazole ligands. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17319-17327. [PMID: 34787606 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02720d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of new luminescent cycloplatinated(II) complexes (5a-8a and 5b-8b) with formulas Pt(bt)(N^O) and Pt(bt)(N^P) have been synthesized [bt = phenylbenzothiazole, N^O = (2-(1H-benzimidazole)-phenyl)diphenylphosphine oxide derivatives for 1a-4a and N^P = (2-(1H-benzimidazole)-phenyl)diphenylphosphine derivatives for 1b-4b]. The crystal structures of the complexes show distorted square planar geometries around the platinum centers. There are no obvious π-π and Pt-Pt intermolecular interactions in the crystal lattice due to the presence of sterically bulky ancillary ligands. Consequently, these complexes exhibit structured monomeric emissions in the range of 527-540 nm in CH2Cl2 solution. The photoluminescent quantum yields of Pt(bt)(N^O) (5a-8a) in CH2Cl2 solution at room temperature are higher than those of Pt(bt)(N^P) (5b-8b). The above result is well consistent with the crystal structural characteristics of the complexes. The structured emission with microsecond radiative lifetimes and the result of TD-DFT calculations indicate that the emissions of these complexes are mainly attributed to a mixed 3LC-MLCT state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Chunmei Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Guojie Yin
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Chenxia Du
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
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15
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Zhang J, Xie M, Xin Y, Han C, Xie L, Yi M, Xu H. Organophosphine‐Sandwiched Copper Iodide Cluster Enables Charge Trapping. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Mingchen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Chunmiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Mingdong Yi
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road Harbin 150080 P. R. China
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16
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Zhang J, Xie M, Xin Y, Han C, Xie L, Yi M, Xu H. Organophosphine-Sandwiched Copper Iodide Cluster Enables Charge Trapping. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24894-24900. [PMID: 34545993 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a feasible molecular design of the binuclear clusters featuring the n-p-n heterojunction of biligand-sandwiched inorganic units, which can be used as the effective charge trapper in ambipolar transistor memories with the large memory windows and the energy-saving operation. We found that the hole confinement on the p-type inorganic units is enhanced by spatial electronic anisotropy provided by the peripheral n-type organic phosphine ligands. The steric hindrance of the coordination sites, the insulating effect of the carbon-phosphorous single bonds and the parallel dual-ligand coordination mode jointly elongate the interunit distances to nanometer scale and restrain the intramolecular electronic communications, leading to the tunable and reliable charge trapping. Our results show that the spatial effect is crucial to further amplifying the electronic differences between organic and inorganic units for function enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Mingchen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Chunmiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays &, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Mingdong Yi
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays &, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
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17
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Kim H, Lee Y, Lee H, Hong JI, Lee D. Click-To-Twist Strategy To Build Blue-to-Green Emitters: Bulky Triazoles for Electronically Tunable and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12286-12295. [PMID: 33661594 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of a new chemical moiety is the foundation to build new functional materials. For charge-transfer-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, donor, acceptor, and π-spacer are the three key structural components. We invented a "click-to-twist" strategy to prepare a triazole-based acceptor unit that allows for a systematic modulation of the electronic and steric properties to control the excited-state photophysics. Taking the modular approach, six different emitters were prepared by varying the donor strength and π-spacer sterics for mix-and-match. These materials display deep blue to sky blue emissions in solutions, as well as apparent TADF characteristics in doped films. Organic light emitting diodes fabricated with these new TADF materials exhibit high external quantum efficiencies of up to 20.7% and maximum luminance of 6823 cd m-2. Building upon an intuitive and operationally straightforward method to build sterically congested molecules, this work showcases a new strategy to diversify TADF emitters by a mechanism-based design and modular synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsik Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngnam Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyeonho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jong-In Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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18
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Lv X, Xu L, Cui W, Yu Y, Zhou H, Cang M, Sun Q, Pan Y, Xu Y, Hu D, Xue S, Yang W. High-Efficiency, Non-doped, Pure-Blue Fluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes via Molecular Tuning Regulation of Hot Exciton Excited States. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:970-980. [PMID: 33356101 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous efforts have been made on researching triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials for realizing high-efficiency blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) through utilizing triplet exciton conversion to the lowest singlet excited state (S1) from the lowest triplet excited state (T1). However, hot exciton conversion from the upper triplet energy level state (Tn, n > 1) to the lowest singlet excited state (S1) is an increasingly promising method for realizing pure-blue non-doped OLEDs with performances comparable to those of TTA and TADF materials. Herein, two pure-blue fluorescent emitters of donor (D)-π-acceptor (A) type, PIAnCz and PIAnPO, were designed and synthesized. The excited-state characteristics of PIAnCz and PIAnPO, confirmed by theoretical calculations and photophysical experiments, demonstrated these materials' hot exciton properties. Based on PIAnCz and PIAnPO as emission layer materials, the fabricated non-doped devices exhibited pure-blue emission with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.16, 0.12) and (0.16, 0.15), maximum luminescences of 10,484 and 15,485 cd m-2, and maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 10.9 and 8.3%. Besides, at a luminescence of 1000 cd m-2, the EQEs of PIAnPO-based devices can still be high at 7.7%, and the negligible efficiency roll-off was 6.0%. The device performance of both materials demonstrates their outstanding potential for commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Wei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Huayi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Miao Cang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Qikun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yuyu Pan
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, 30 Guanghua Street, Liaoyang 111003, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Xu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Dehua Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shanfeng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
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19
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Wang X, Yang S, Tian Q, Zhong C, Qu Y, Yu Y, Jiang Z, Liao L. Multi‐Layer π‐Stacked Molecules as Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Qi Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Sheng‐Yi Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Qi‐Sheng Tian
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Department of Chemistry Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Yang‐Kun Qu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - You‐Jun Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Zuo‐Quan Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Liang‐Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
- Institute of Organic Optoelectronics Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI) Wujiang Suzhou Jiangsu 215211 P. R. China
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20
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Wang X, Yang S, Tian Q, Zhong C, Qu Y, Yu Y, Jiang Z, Liao L. Multi‐Layer π‐Stacked Molecules as Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5213-5219. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Qi Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Sheng‐Yi Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Qi‐Sheng Tian
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Department of Chemistry Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Yang‐Kun Qu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - You‐Jun Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Zuo‐Quan Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Liang‐Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
- Institute of Organic Optoelectronics Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI) Wujiang Suzhou Jiangsu 215211 P. R. China
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21
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Avellanal‐Zaballa E, Prieto‐Castañeda A, García‐Garrido F, Agarrabeitia AR, Rebollar E, Bañuelos J, García‐Moreno I, Ortiz MJ. Red/NIR Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from Aza‐BODIPYs. Chemistry 2020; 26:16080-16088. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Esther Rebollar
- Dpto, de Sistemas de Baja Dimensionalidad, Superficies y Materia Condensada Instituto Química-Física “Rocasolano”, IQFR-CSIC Serrano 119 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Jorge Bañuelos
- Dpto. Química Física Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) Aptdo 644 48080 Bilbao Spain
| | - Inmaculada García‐Moreno
- Dpto, de Sistemas de Baja Dimensionalidad, Superficies y Materia Condensada Instituto Química-Física “Rocasolano”, IQFR-CSIC Serrano 119 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - María J. Ortiz
- Dpto. Química Orgánica Universidad Complutense Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28006 Madrid Spain
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22
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Cravcenco A, Ye C, Gräfenstein J, Börjesson K. Interplay between Förster and Dexter Energy Transfer Rates in Isomeric Donor-Bridge-Acceptor Systems. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7219-7227. [PMID: 32786964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to direct the flow of excitons enable molecular systems to perform highly advanced functions. Intramolecular energy transfer in donor-bridge-acceptor systems can occur by different mechanisms, and the ability to control the excited state energy pathways depends on the capacity to favor one process over another. Here, we show an anticorrelation between the rates of Förster and Dexter types of energy transfer in two isomeric donor-bridge-acceptor systems. Both dyads display intramolecular Förster triplet-to-singlet and Dexter triplet-to-triplet energy transfers. However, as the bridge-acceptor connection point changes, the rate of one energy transfer process increases at the same time as the other one decreases, allowing us to control the energy flow direction. This work shows how rational design can be used to tune excited state energy pathways in molecular dyads, which is of importance for advanced functions such as multiplicity conversion in future molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Cravcenco
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Gräfenstein
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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23
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Godumala M, Hwang J, Kang H, Jeong JE, Harit AK, Cho MJ, Woo HY, Park S, Choi DH. High-Performance, Solution-Processable Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Realized via the Adjustment of the Composition of the Organoboron Acceptor Monomer in Copolymer Host Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:35300-35310. [PMID: 32654477 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic polymers that exhibit features pertinent to functioning as host materials for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have considerable potential in solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), allowing simple, low-cost, and large-area applications. In particular, polymer hosts have superior characteristics, including facile functionality to introduce various electron donor and acceptor entities, the ability to uniformly disperse and contain small molecular dopants, and the ability to produce more smooth and homogeneous films, compared to those of their small-molecule counterparts. This manuscript describes the design and development of three new styrene-based copolymers (ABP91, ABP73, and ABP55) bearing diphenylacridine as the electron donor and 2,12-di-tert-butyl-7-phenyl-5,9-dioxa-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene as the electron acceptor. In particular, ABP91, ABP73, and ABP55 were synthesized via variations in the ratio of donor to acceptor monomers to substantiate their influence in OLED applications. With the ability of the styrene backbone of interrupting the direct electronic coupling between the adjacent electron donor and acceptor entities through non-conjugated linkages, high triplet energy can be inherited by the resulting polymers (>2.70 eV). Furthermore, these materials manifest thermal robustness through high decomposition temperatures (between 348 and 366 °C) and high glass transition temperatures (between 234 and 277 °C). Consequently, solution-processable OLEDs fabricated using the newly synthesized copolymers as host materials and the familiar t4CzIPN as a green-emissive TADF dopant deliver state-of-the-art performance with maximum external quantum efficiencies of 21.8, 22.2, and 19.7% for ABP91, ABP73, and ABP55, respectively. To our knowledge, this is, to date, the best performance reported when organic polymers are used as host materials in solution-processable TADF OLEDs. The pragmatic outcomes obtained in this study can provide useful insights into the structure-property relationship to the OLED community for the further development of efficient polymer hosts for use in solution-processable TADF OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallesham Godumala
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyo Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunchul Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Kumar Harit
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungnam Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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24
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Molecular Configuration Fixation with C–H···F Hydrogen Bonding for Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Acceleration. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Fontes LFB, Nunes da Silva R, Silva AMS, Guieu S. Unsymmetrical 2,4,6‐Triarylpyridines as Versatile Scaffolds for Deep‐Blue and Dual‐Emission Fluorophores. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís F. B. Fontes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3010-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Raquel Nunes da Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3010-193 Aveiro Portugal
- IBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro 3010-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3010-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Samuel Guieu
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3010-193 Aveiro Portugal
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3010-193 Aveiro Portugal
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Jena S, Dhanalakshmi P, Bano G, Thilagar P. Delayed Fluorescence, Room Temperature Phosphorescence, and Mechanofluorochromic Naphthalimides: Differential Imaging of Normoxia and Hypoxia Live Cancer Cells. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5393-5406. [PMID: 32501697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We study the effect of molecular conformation on the electronic coupling between the donor amines and acceptor 1,8-naphthalimide (NPI) in a series of D-A systems 1-4 (A = NPI; D = phenothiazine, phenoxazine, carbazole, diphenylamine, respectively, for 1, 2, 3, and 4). Weakly coupled systems show dual emission in the solution state, while strongly coupled systems show single emission bands. The energy of transitions and photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield are sensitive to the molecular conformation and donor strength. These compounds show delayed emission in the solutions and aggregated state and phosphorescence in the solid state. Compounds 3 and 4 with weak donors exhibit intermolecular slipped π···π interactions in the solid state and consequently exhibit dual (intra- and inter-) phosphorescence at low temperature. Steady state and time-resolved PL studies at variable temperature together with computational and crystal structure analysis were used to rationalize the optical properties of these compounds. The delayed emission of these compounds is sensitive to molecular oxygen; accordingly, these molecules are utilized for differential imaging of normoxia and hypoxia cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Jena
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012
| | - Pandi Dhanalakshmi
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012
| | - Gulista Bano
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012
| | - Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012
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Li J, Hou C, Huang C, Xu S, Peng X, Qi Q, Lai WY, Huang W. Boosting Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Organic Conjugated Systems via Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:3839160. [PMID: 32395717 PMCID: PMC7193308 DOI: 10.34133/2020/3839160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Realizing a high luminescence dissymmetry factor (g lum) is a paramount yet challenging issue in the research field of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Here, we reported a novel set of organic conjugated systems with twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) characteristics based on conjugated o-carborane-binaphthyl dyads composing of binaphthyl units as chiral electron donors and o-carborane units as achiral electron acceptors, demonstrating intense CPL with large g lum values. Interestingly, single-crystalline o-1 exhibited a high-level brightness and a large g lum factor as high as +0.13, whereas single-crystalline o-2 processed a relatively low brightness with a decreased g lum value to -0.04. The significant diversity of CPL-active properties was triggered by the selective introduction of o-carborane units onto the binaphthyl units. Benefiting from the large magnetic dipole transition moments in TICT states, the CPL activity of TICT o-carborane-based materials exhibited amplified circular polarization. This study provides an efficient molecular engineering strategy for the rational design and development of highly efficient CPL-active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chenxi Hou
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shanqi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuelei Peng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Wen-Yong Lai
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
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Gao F, Du R, Wei Y, Xu H. Optimizing energy transfer for highly efficient single-emissive-layer white thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:5727-5730. [PMID: 31774764 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.005727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) with simplified structures have great potential for daily lighting applications. However, the complicated energy and charge transfer processes between TADF emitters impede the development of single-layer white TADF systems. Here we demonstrate high-efficiency WOLEDs with single-emissive layers composed of blue and yellow TADF emitters with appropriate steric hindrances and energy gaps, which optimize the energy transfer from blue to yellow dopants for rational exciton allocation. As a consequence, the single-emissive-layer WOLEDs achieve the maximum external quantum efficiency beyond 20% and small roll-offs, which are among the best results of full-TADF WOLEDs.
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29
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Cheng Z, Li Z, Xu Y, Liang J, Lin C, Wei J, Wang Y. Achieving Efficient Blue Delayed Electrofluorescence by Shielding Acceptors with Carbazole Units. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:28096-28105. [PMID: 31290328 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters that have high electroluminescence efficiency and low efficiency roll-off features remain a great challenge. Herein, we developed a facile and efficient strategy by shielding acceptors with carbazole units for constructing high-performance blue TADF emitters. Benzonitrile (BN), 9,9-diphenylacridan (DPAc), and carbazole (Cz) were adopted as the acceptor, donor, and protector, respectively, to build two TADF emitters named DPAc-DCzBN and DPAc-DtCzBN. The nondoped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) of DPAc-DCzBN as the emitter exhibited a standard sky-blue emission with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.16, 0.26), high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.0%, and low efficiency roll-off (EQEs of 19.5, 16.1, and 12.6% at 100, 500, and 1000 cd m-2, respectively), which is an outstanding nondoped blue TADF OLED. The doped device of DPAc-DtCzBN displayed a pure blue emission and the corresponding CIE coordinates are (0.16, 0.15). Meanwhile, it also demonstrated high and stabilized EQE values of 23.1, 18.3, and 11.5% at maxima, 100 and 500 cd m-2, respectively, which is a quite high level among the pure blue TADF OLEDs. This study testifies the feasibility of our strategy in constructing high-performance TADF electroluminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Yincai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Jixiong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Jinbei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
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Wei L, Li J, Xue K, Ye S, Jiang H. Synthesis and structure–property correlation of blue fluorescence isomer emitters based on rigid pyrazine-bridged carbazole frameworks. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The unsymmetrical linking model ofTCz-3,9PA-TCzbased on pyrazine and carbazole moieties is feasible to produce efficient and stable blue-light emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan Wei
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Institute of Advanced Materials
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Jie Li
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Institute of Advanced Materials
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Kai Xue
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Institute of Advanced Materials
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Shanghui Ye
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Institute of Advanced Materials
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Hongji Jiang
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Institute of Advanced Materials
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing 210023
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