1
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Aliouat MY, Cristiano F, Abbassi L, Escoubas S, Mesnilgrente F, Salvagnac L, Šámal M, Rybáček J, Sturm L, Gourdon A, Jančařík A, Séguy I. β-Disubstituted Pentacene Derivatives: Thin Film Structural Properties and Four-Probe Field Effect Mobility. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300611. [PMID: 38015568 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
2,9- and 2,10-diphenylpentacene were synthesized by direct C-H borylation of ketal-protected pentacene, followed by halodeboronation, resolution of the dihalo isomers, Suzuki arylation, cleavage of the ketals and decarbonylation in the solid state. They were studied as main active components in organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Diphenyl substitution of pentacene affects the unit cell dimensions only slightly, preserving a face to edge molecular packing in the first layers of thin films evaporated on SiO2 substrates. Both isomers self-assemble into nanoribbons during the thin film growth upon vapor deposition. The similarity between the surface induced phases of the 2,9-isomer and unsubstituted pentacene leads to similar 4-probe hole mobilities, i. e. 0.13 cm2 V-1 s-1 for the former. Whereas 2,9-disubstitution thus does essentially preserve the thin film characteristics of unsubstituted pentacene, 2,10-disubstitution is detrimental to the molecular ordering in the thin films and therefore to the field effect mobility which is only 0.07 cm2 V-1 s-1. The known strong enhancement of field effect mobility observed upon diphenyl substitution of anthracene can thus not be emulated analogously with pentacene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouaad-Yassine Aliouat
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, 31031, Toulouse, France
- Aix Marseille Université CNRS, IM2NP, 13397, Marseille, France
| | | | - Lydia Abbassi
- Aix Marseille Université CNRS, IM2NP, 13397, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université CNRS, CINaM, 13288, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Michal Šámal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Rybáček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmilla Sturm
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS-CRPP, UMR 5031, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - André Gourdon
- CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Isabelle Séguy
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, 31031, Toulouse, France
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2
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Pradhan E, Zeng T. The Lack of Triplet Fusion for an Intramolecular Singlet Fission Chromophore: The Expected, the Unexpected, and a Reconciliation. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:43-50. [PMID: 38127796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) has the potential to play a key role in photovoltaics since it generates a larger number of longer-lived triplet excitons after photoabsorption. Intramolecular SF (iSF) is of special interest since it enables tuning of SF efficiency by adjusting interchromophore configuration through covalent interaction. However, as elaborated in the present work, iSF chromophores are doomed to dissatisfy one general thermodynamic criterion for all SF chromophores, intramolecular or not: E(T2) ≥ 2E(T1), and therefore, the fusion of two triplet excitons to one triplet exciton is thermodynamically favorable. In our nonadiabatic quantum dynamics simulation for a model iSF chromophore, this expected fusion does not occur, because of the inefficient intersystem crossing hidden under the cover of internal conversion of the triplet fusion. A reconciliation is achieved between the dissatisfaction of E(T2) ≥ 2E(T1) and the large tetraradical character for general iSF chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekadashi Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
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3
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Purdy M, Budden P, Fallon K, Gannett CN, Abruña HD, Zeng W, Friend R, Musser AJ, Bronstein H. Re-Thinking Dimer Design Principles with Indolonaphthyridine Intramolecular Singlet Fission. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301547. [PMID: 37377132 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission is a phenomenon that could significantly improve the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. Indolonaphthyridine thiophene (INDT) is a photostable singlet fission material that could potentially be utilised in singlet fission-based photovoltaic devices. This study investigates the intramolecular singlet fission (i-SF) mechanism of INDT dimers linked via para-phenyl, meta-phenyl and fluorene bridging groups. Using ultra-fast spectroscopy the highest rate of singlet fission is found in the para-phenyl linked dimer. Quantum calculations show the para-phenyl linker encourages enhanced monomer electronic coupling. Increased rates of singlet fission were also observed in the higher polarity o-dichlorobenzene, relative to toluene, indicating that charge-transfer states have a role in mediating the process. The mechanistic picture of polarisable singlet fission materials, such as INDT, extends beyond the traditional mechanistic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Purdy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Baker Lab, 122, E Ave, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Peter Budden
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Kealan Fallon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Baker Lab, 122, E Ave, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Cara N Gannett
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Lab, 122, E Ave, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Héctor D Abruña
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Lab, 122, E Ave, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Weixuan Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Baker Lab, 122, E Ave, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Richard Friend
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Andrew J Musser
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Lab, 122, E Ave, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Baker Lab, 122, E Ave, Ithaca, NY, USA
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4
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He G, Parenti KR, Budden PJ, Niklas J, Macdonald T, Kumarasamy E, Chen X, Yin X, McCamey DR, Poluektov OG, Campos LM, Sfeir MY. Unraveling Triplet Formation Mechanisms in Acenothiophene Chromophores. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22058-22068. [PMID: 37787467 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of molecular platforms for singlet fission (SF) chromophores has fueled the quest for new compounds capable of generating triplets quantitatively at fast time scales. As the exploration of molecular motifs for SF has diversified, a key challenge has emerged in identifying when the criteria for SF have been satisfied. Here, we show how covalently bound molecular dimers uniquely provide a set of characteristic optical markers that can be used to distinguish triplet pair formation from processes that generate an individual triplet. These markers are contained within (i) triplet charge-transfer excited state absorption features, (ii) kinetic signatures of triplet-triplet annihilation processes, and (iii) the modulation of triplet formation rates using bridging moieties between chromophores. Our assignments are verified by time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements, which directly identify triplet pairs by their electron spin and polarization patterns. We apply these diagnostic criteria to dimers of acenothiophene derivatives in solution that were recently reported to undergo efficient intermolecular SF in condensed media. While the electronic structure of these heteroatom-containing chromophores can be broadly tuned, the effect of their enhanced spin-orbit coupling and low-energy nonbonding orbitals on their SF dynamics has not been fully determined. We find that SF is fast and efficient in tetracenothiophene but that anthradithiophene exhibits fast intersystem crossing due to modifications of the singlet and triplet excited state energies upon functionalization of the heterocycle. We conclude that it is not sufficient to assign SF based on comparisons of the triplet formation kinetics between monomer and multichromophore systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying He
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Kaia R Parenti
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Peter J Budden
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Jens Niklas
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Thomas Macdonald
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Elango Kumarasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Dane R McCamey
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Oleg G Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
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5
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He G, Churchill EM, Parenti KR, Zhang J, Narayanan P, Namata F, Malkoch M, Congreve DN, Cacciuto A, Sfeir MY, Campos LM. Promoting multiexciton interactions in singlet fission and triplet fusion upconversion dendrimers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6080. [PMID: 37770472 PMCID: PMC10539328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Singlet fission and triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion are two multiexciton processes intimately related to the dynamic interaction between one high-lying energy singlet and two low-lying energy triplet excitons. Here, we introduce a series of dendritic macromolecules that serve as platform to study the effect of interchromophore interactions on the dynamics of multiexciton generation and decay as a function of dendrimer generation. The dendrimers (generations 1-4) consist of trimethylolpropane core and 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid (bis-MPA) dendrons that provide exponential growth of the branches, leading to a corona decorated with pentacenes for SF or anthracenes for TTA-UC. The findings reveal a trend where a few highly ordered sites emerge as the dendrimer generation grows, dominating the multiexciton dynamics, as deduced from optical spectra, and transient absorption spectroscopy. While the dendritic structures enhance TTA-UC at low annihilator concentrations in the largest dendrimers, the paired chromophore interactions induce a broadened and red-shifted excimer emission. In SF dendrimers of higher generations, the triplet dynamics become increasingly dominated by pairwise sites exhibiting strong coupling (Type II), which can be readily distinguished from sites with weaker coupling (Type I) by their spectral dynamics and decay kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying He
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Emily M Churchill
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Kaia R Parenti
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Jocelyn Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Pournima Narayanan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Faridah Namata
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Malkoch
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel N Congreve
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Angelo Cacciuto
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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6
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Bo Y, Hou Y, Thiel D, Weiß R, Clark T, Ferguson MJ, Tykwinski RR, Guldi DM. Tetracene Dimers: A Platform for Intramolecular Down- and Up-conversion. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18260-18275. [PMID: 37531628 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Photon energy conversion can be accomplished in many different ways, including the two opposing manners, down-conversion (i.e., singlet fission, SF) and up-conversion (i.e., triplet-triplet annihilation up-conversion, TTA-UC). Both processes have the potential to help overcome the detailed balance limit of single-junction solar cells. Tetracene, in which the energies of the lowest singlet excited state and twice the triplet excited state are comparable, exhibits both down- and up-conversion. Here, we have designed meta-diethynylphenylene- and 1,3-diethynyladamantyl-linked tetracene dimers, which feature different electronic coupling, to characterize the interplay between intramolecular SF (intra-SF) and intramolecular TTA-UC (intra-TTA-UC) via steady-state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, we have used Pd-phthalocyanine as a sensitizer to enable intra-TTA-UC in the two dimers via indirect photoexcitation in the near-infrared part of the solar spectrum. The work is rounded off by temperature-dependent measurements, which outline key aspects of how thermal effects impact intra-SF and intra-TTA-UC in different dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Bo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yuxuan Hou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - René Weiß
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstr. 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Pradhan E, Zeng T. Triplet Separation after the Fastest Intramolecular Singlet Fission in the Smallest Chromophore. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:2092-2101. [PMID: 36966419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission is of key importance in harvesting solar energy in solar cells, as it generates a pair of triplet excitons on the incidence of a photon. This phenomenon is not yet widely employed in the organic photovoltaics industry mostly because of the rarity of singlet fission chromophores. Pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline-1,4,6,9-tetraoxide was recently designed as the smallest intramolecular singlet fission chromophore, and it undergoes the fastest singlet fission with a 16 fs time scale. The subsequent separation of the generated triplet-pair is of likewise importance as their efficient generation. Through quantum chemistry calculations and quantum dynamics simulations, we show that the triplet-pair separates to residing on two chromophores with an ∼80% probability on each collision between a chromophore with the triplet-pair and a ground state chromophore. Avoided crossing, instead of conical intersection, is involved in the efficient exciton separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekadashi Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
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8
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Tom R, Gao S, Yang Y, Zhao K, Bier I, Buchanan EA, Zaykov A, Havlas Z, Michl J, Marom N. Inverse Design of Tetracene Polymorphs with Enhanced Singlet Fission Performance by Property-Based Genetic Algorithm Optimization. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:1373-1386. [PMID: 36999121 PMCID: PMC10042130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c03444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of solar cells may be improved by using singlet fission (SF), in which one singlet exciton splits into two triplet excitons. SF occurs in molecular crystals. A molecule may crystallize in more than one form, a phenomenon known as polymorphism. Crystal structure may affect SF performance. In the common form of tetracene, SF is experimentally known to be slightly endoergic. A second, metastable polymorph of tetracene has been found to exhibit better SF performance. Here, we conduct inverse design of the crystal packing of tetracene using a genetic algorithm (GA) with a fitness function tailored to simultaneously optimize the SF rate and the lattice energy. The property-based GA successfully generates more structures predicted to have higher SF rates and provides insight into packing motifs associated with improved SF performance. We find a putative polymorph predicted to have superior SF performance to the two forms of tetracene, whose structures have been determined experimentally. The putative structure has a lattice energy within 1.5 kJ/mol of the most stable common form of tetracene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rithwik Tom
- Department
of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
| | - Siyu Gao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
| | - Yi Yang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
| | - Kaiji Zhao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
| | - Imanuel Bier
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
| | - Eric A. Buchanan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Alexandr Zaykov
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, 16610Prague 6, Czech
Republic
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology, 166 28Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Havlas
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, 16610Prague 6, Czech
Republic
| | - Josef Michl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, 16610Prague 6, Czech
Republic
| | - Noa Marom
- Department
of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
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9
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Pradhan E, Zeng T. Design of the Smallest Intramolecular Singlet Fission Chromophore with the Fastest Singlet Fission. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11076-11085. [PMID: 36417555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We designed an intramolecular singlet fission (iSF) chromophore, pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline-1,4,6,9-tetraoxide. Appropriate substitutions into anthracene enhance the tetraradical character, so that the molecule accommodates a pair of triplet excitons in its lowest singlet excited state. Our simulation showed a 16 fs fast iSF of the design, which is a new record. The design also sets a new record of small size iSF chromophore and high exciton density. The design can be synthesized by oxidizing the tertiary N centers of the existent pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekadashi Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
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10
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Climent C, Casanova D, Feist J, Garcia-Vidal FJ. Not dark yet for strong light-matter coupling to accelerate singlet fission dynamics. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2022; 3:100841. [PMID: 35620360 PMCID: PMC9022090 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polaritons are unique hybrid light-matter states that offer an alternative way to manipulate chemical processes. In this work, we show that singlet fission dynamics can be accelerated under strong light-matter coupling. For superexchange-mediated singlet fission, state mixing speeds up the dynamics in cavities when the lower polariton is close in energy to the multiexcitonic state. This effect is more pronounced in non-conventional singlet fission materials in which the energy gap between the bright singlet exciton and the multiexcitonic state is large ( > 0.1 eV). In this case, the dynamics is dominated by the polaritonic modes and not by the bare-molecule-like dark states, and, additionally, the resonant enhancement due to strong coupling is robust even for energetically broad molecular states. The present results provide a new strategy to expand the range of suitable materials for efficient singlet fission by making use of strong light-matter coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clàudia Climent
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Centre (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Johannes Feist
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Garcia-Vidal
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A∗STAR), Connexis, 138632, Singapore
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11
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He G, Yablon LM, Parenti KR, Fallon KJ, Campos LM, Sfeir MY. Quantifying Exciton Transport in Singlet Fission Diblock Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3269-3278. [PMID: 35166107 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a mechanism of exciton multiplication in organic chromophores, which has potential to drive highly efficient optoelectronic devices. Creating effective device architectures that operate by SF critically depends on electronic interactions across multiple length scales─from individual molecules to interchromophore interactions that facilitate multiexciton dephasing and exciton diffusion toward donor-acceptor interfaces. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the underpinnings of multiexciton transport and interfacial energy transfer in multichromophore systems. Interestingly, block copolymers (BCPs) can be designed to control multiscale interactions by tailoring the nature of the building blocks, yet SF dynamics are not well understood in these macromolecules. Here, we designed diblock copolymers comprising an inherent energy cleft at the interface between a block with pendent pentacene chromophores and an additional block with pendent tetracene chromophores. The singlet and triplet energy offset between the two blocks creates a driving force for exciton transport along the BCP chain in dilute solution. Using time-resolved optical spectroscopy, we have quantified the yields of key energy transfer steps, including both singlet and triplet energy transfer processes across the pentacene-tetracene interface. From this modular BCP architecture, we correlate the energy transfer time scales and relative yields with the length of each block. The ability to quantify these energy transfer processes provides valuable insights into exciton transport at critical length scales between bulk crystalline systems and small-molecule dimers─an area that has been underexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying He
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Lauren M Yablon
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kaia R Parenti
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kealan J Fallon
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
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12
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Yablon LM, Sanders SN, Miyazaki K, Kumarasamy E, He G, Choi B, Ananth N, Sfeir MY, Campos LM. Singlet fission and triplet pair recombination in bipentacenes with a twist. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:462-470. [PMID: 34846410 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01201k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigate triplet pair dynamics in pentacene dimers that have varying degrees of coplanarity (pentacene-pentacene twist angle). The fine-tuning of the twist angle was achieved by alternating connectivity at the 1-position or 2-positions of pentacene. This mix-and-match connectivity leads to tunable twist angles between the two covalently linked pentacenes. These twisted dimers allow us to investigate the subtle effects that the dihedral angle between the covalently linked pentacenes imparts on singlet fission and triplet pair recombination dynamics. We observe that as the dihedral angle between the two bonded pentacenes is increased, the rates of singlet fission decrease, while the accompanying decrease in triplet recombination rates is stark. Temperature-dependent transient optical studies combined with theoretical calculations show that the triplet pair recombination proceeds primarily through a direct multiexciton internal conversion process. Calculations further show that the significant decrease in recombination rates can be directly attributed to a corresponding decrease in the magnitude of the nonadiabatic coupling between the singlet multiexcitonic state and the ground state. These results highlight the importance of the twist angle in designing systems that exhibit rapid singlet fission, while maintaining long triplet pair lifetimes in pentacene dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Yablon
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
| | - Samuel N Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
| | - Ken Miyazaki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
| | - Elango Kumarasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
| | - Guiying He
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA.
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - Bonnie Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
| | - Nandini Ananth
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA.
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
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13
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Sharma A, Athanasopoulos S, Kumarasamy E, Phansa C, Asadpoordarvish A, Sabatini RP, Pandya R, Parenti KR, Sanders SN, McCamey DR, Campos LM, Rao A, Tayebjee MJY, Lakhwani G. Pentacene-Bridge Interactions in an Axially Chiral Binaphthyl Pentacene Dimer. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7226-7234. [PMID: 34433272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular chirality can be exploited as a sensitive reporter of the nature of intra- and interchromophore interactions in π-conjugated systems. In this report, we designed an intramolecular singlet fission (iSF)-based pentacene dimer with an axially chiral binaphthyl bridge (2,2'-(2,2'-dimethoxy-[1,1'-binaphthalene]-3,3'-diyl) n-octyl-di-isopropyl silylethynyl dipentacene, BNBP) to utilize its chiroptical response as a marker of iSF chromophore-bridge-chromophore (SFC-β-SFC) interactions. The axial chirality of the bridge enforces significant one-handed excitonic coupling of the pentacene monomer units; as such, BNBP exhibits significant chiroptical response in the ground and excited states. We analyzed the chiroptical response of BNBP using the exciton coupling method and quadratic response density functional theory calculations to reveal that higher energy singlet transitions in BNBP involve significant delocalization of the electronic density on the bridging binaphthyl group. Our results highlight the promising application of chiroptical techniques to investigate the nature of SFC-β-SFC interactions that impact singlet fission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Sharma
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Stavros Athanasopoulos
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida Universidad 30, Leganés 28911, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elango Kumarasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Chanakarn Phansa
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Asadpoordarvish
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Randy P Sabatini
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Raj Pandya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Kaia R Parenti
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Samuel N Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dane R McCamey
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Murad J Y Tayebjee
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Girish Lakhwani
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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14
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Fumanal M, Corminboeuf C. Pushing the Limits of the Donor-Acceptor Copolymer Strategy for Intramolecular Singlet Fission. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7270-7277. [PMID: 34318679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers have shown great potential for intramolecular singlet fission (iSF). Nonetheless, very few design principles exist for optimizing these systems for iSF, with very little knowledge about how to engineer them for this purpose. In recent work, a fundamental trade-off between the main electronic ingredients required for iSF capable D-A coplanar copolymers was revealed. Still, further investigations are needed to understand these limitations and learn how to bypass them. In this work, we propose to induce torsion as an effective way to circumvent the limits of the coplanar approach. We disclose the potential of noncoplanar copolymers with inherently low triplet energies that encompass all the characteristics required for iSF beyond the limiting values associated with fully coplanar systems. Our findings shed some light on the electronic structure aspects of D-A copolymers for iSF and offer a new avenue for the rational design of novel promising candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fumanal
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Nakamura S, Sakai H, Fuki M, Kobori Y, Tkachenko NV, Hasobe T. Enthalpy-Entropy Compensation Effect for Triplet Pair Dissociation of Intramolecular Singlet Fission in Phenylene Spacer-Bridged Hexacene Dimers. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6457-6463. [PMID: 34236876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hexacene (Hc) is highly promising for singlet fission (SF). However, the number of SFs in Hc is extremely limited. As far as Hc dimers in solution are concerned, there is no report on the observation of the dissociation process from a correlated triplet pair (TT) to an individual one. The emphasis in this study is on the first observation of the quantitative TT generation together with the orientation-dependent photophysical discussions for TT dissociation using para- and meta-phenyl-bridged Hc dimers. Moreover, the activation enthalpies of Hc dimers in TT dissociation are smaller than those of pentacene (Pc) dimers, whereas the relative entropic contributions for Gibbs free energy of activation are much larger than the enthalpic ones in both Hc and Pc dimers. This implies that the vibrational motions are responsible for the intramolecular conformation changes associated with the TT dissociation. Consequently, "enthalpy-entropy compensation" has a large impact on the rate constants and quantum yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunta Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masaaki Fuki
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Nikolai V Tkachenko
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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16
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Manna B, Nandi A, Vats BG. Role of nanosize and defect trapping upon singlet fission yield and singlet fission dynamics of 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene nanoaggregates. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a photophysical downconversion pathway, in which a singlet excitation transforms into two triplet excited states. As such, it constitutes an exciton multiplication generation process, which is currently at the focal point for future integration into solar energy conversion devices. Beyond this, various other exciting applications were proposed, including quantum cryptography or organic light emitting diodes. Also, the mechanistic understanding evolved rapidly during the last year. Unfortunately, the number of suitable SF-chromophores is still limited. This is per se problematic, considering the wide range of envisaged applicability. With that in mind, we emphasize uncommon SF-scaffolds and outline requirements as well as strategies to expand the chromophore pool of SF-materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ullrich
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Egerlandstr. 1-3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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18
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He G, Busby E, Appavoo K, Wu Q, Xia J, Campos LM, Sfeir MY. Charge transfer states impact the triplet pair dynamics of singlet fission polymers. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:244902. [PMID: 33380093 DOI: 10.1063/5.0029858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers are desirable optoelectronic materials, stemming from their solution processability, tunable electronic properties, and large absorption coefficients. An exciting development is the recent discovery that singlet fission (SF), the conversion of a singlet exciton to a pair of triplet states, can occur along the backbone of an individual conjugated polymer chain. Compared to other intramolecular SF compounds, the nature of the triplet pair state in SF polymers remains poorly understood, hampering the development of new materials with optimized excited state dynamics. Here, we investigate the effect of solvent polarity on the triplet pair dynamics in the SF polymer polybenzodithiophene-thiophene-1,1-dioxide. We use transient emission measurements to study isolated polymer chains in solution and use the change in the solvent polarity to investigate the role of charge transfer character in both the singlet exciton and the triplet pair multiexciton. We identify both singlet fluorescence and direct triplet pair emission, indicating significant symmetry breaking. Surprisingly, the singlet emission peak is relatively insensitive to solvent polarity despite its nominal "charge-transfer" nature. In contrast, the redshift of the triplet pair energy with increasing solvent polarity indicates significant charge transfer character. While the energy separation between singlet and triplet pair states increases with solvent polarity, the overall SF rate constant depends on both the energetic driving force and additional environmental factors. The triplet pair lifetime is directly determined by the solvent effect on its overall energy. The dominant recombination channel is a concerted, radiationless decay process that scales as predicted by a simple energy gap law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying He
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Erik Busby
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Kannatassen Appavoo
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Qin Wu
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
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19
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Kuda-Singappulige GU, Wildman A, Lingerfelt DB, Li X, Aikens CM. Ultrafast Nonradiative Decay of a Dipolar Plasmon-like State in Naphthalene. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9729-9737. [PMID: 33181013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Motivated by the uncertainty in our understanding of ultrafast plasmon decay mechanisms, we examine the effect of nuclear vibrations on the dynamical behavior of the strong plasmon-like dipole response of naphthalene, known as the β peak. The real-time time-dependent density functional (RT-TDDFT) method coupled with Ehrenfest molecular dynamics is used to describe the interconnected nuclear and electronic motion. Several vibrational modes promote drastic plasmon decay in naphthalene. The most astonishing finding of this study is that activation of one particular vibrational mode (corresponding to the B1u representation in D2h point group symmetry) leads to a continuous drop of the dipole response corresponding to the β peak into a totally symmetric, dark, quadrupolar electronic state. A second B1u mode provokes the sharp plasmon-like peak to split due to the breaking of structural symmetry. Nonadiabatic coupling between a B2g vibrational mode and the β peak (a B1u electronic state) gives rise to a B3u vibronic state, which can be identified as one of the p-band peaks that reside close in energy to the β peak energy. Overall, strong nonadiabatic coupling initiates plasmon decay into nearby electronic states in acenes, most importantly into dark states. These findings expand our knowledge about possible plasmon decay processes and pave the way for achieving high optical performance in acene-based materials such as graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Wildman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David B Lingerfelt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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20
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Kim J, Teo HT, Hong Y, Oh J, Kim H, Chi C, Kim D. Multiexcitonic Triplet Pair Generation in Oligoacene Dendrimers as Amorphous Solid‐State Miniatures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Hao Ting Teo
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Incheon National University 22012 Incheon Korea
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
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21
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Parenti KR, He G, Sanders SN, Pun AB, Kumarasamy E, Sfeir MY, Campos LM. Bridge Resonance Effects in Singlet Fission. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9392-9399. [PMID: 33138366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A major benefit of intramolecular singlet fission (iSF) materials, in which through-bond interactions mediate triplet pair formation, is the ability to control the triplet formation dynamics through molecular engineering. One common design strategy is the use of molecular bridges to mediate interchromophore interactions, decreasing electronic coupling by increasing chromophore-chromophore separation. Here, we report how the judicious choice of aromatic bridges can enhance chromophore-chromophore electronic coupling. This molecular engineering strategy takes advantage of "bridge resonance", in which the frontier orbital energies are nearly degenerate with those of the covalently linked singlet fission chromophores, resulting in fast iSF even at large interchromophore separations. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we investigate this bridge resonance effect in a series of pentacene and tetracene-bridged dimers, and we find that the rate of triplet formation is enhanced as the bridge orbitals approach resonance. This work highlights the important role of molecular connectivity in controlling the rate of iSF through chemical bonds and establishes critical design principles for future use of iSF materials in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaia R Parenti
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Guiying He
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Samuel N Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Andrew B Pun
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Elango Kumarasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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22
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Fallon KJ, Churchill EM, Sanders SN, Shee J, Weber JL, Meir R, Jockusch S, Reichman DR, Sfeir MY, Congreve DN, Campos LM. Molecular Engineering of Chromophores to Enable Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19917-19925. [PMID: 33174728 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) is an unconventional photophysical process that yields high-energy photons from low-energy incident light and offers pathways for innovation across many technologies, including solar energy harvesting, photochemistry, and optogenetics. Within aromatic organic chromophores, TTA-UC is achieved through several consecutive energy conversion events that ultimately fuse two triplet excitons into a singlet exciton. In chromophores where the singlet exciton is roughly isoergic with two triplet excitons, the limiting step is the triplet-triplet annihilation pathway, where the kinetics and yield depend sensitively on the energies of the lowest singlet and triplet excited states. Herein we report up to 40-fold improvements in upconversion quantum yields using molecular engineering to selectively tailor the relative energies of the lowest singlet and triplet excited states, enhancing the yield of triplet-triplet annihilation and promoting radiative decay of the resulting singlet exciton. Using this general and effective strategy, we obtain upconversion yields with red emission that are among the highest reported, with remarkable chemical stability under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kealan J Fallon
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Emily M Churchill
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Samuel N Sanders
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - James Shee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - John L Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Rinat Meir
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Steffen Jockusch
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Daniel N Congreve
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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23
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Kobori Y, Fuki M, Nakamura S, Hasobe T. Geometries and Terahertz Motions Driving Quintet Multiexcitons and Ultimate Triplet–Triplet Dissociations via the Intramolecular Singlet Fissions. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9411-9419. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kobori
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaaki Fuki
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shunta Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
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24
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Alagna N, Lustres JLP, Roozbeh A, Han J, Hahn S, Berger FJ, Zaumseil J, Dreuw A, Bunz UHF, Buckup T. Ultrafast Singlet Fission in Rigid Azaarene Dimers with Negligible Orbital Overlap. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9163-9174. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Alagna
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jose Luis Pérez Lustres
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ashkan Roozbeh
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jie Han
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hahn
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix J. Berger
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tiago Buckup
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Kim J, Teo HT, Hong Y, Oh J, Kim H, Chi C, Kim D. Multiexcitonic Triplet Pair Generation in Oligoacene Dendrimers as Amorphous Solid‐State Miniatures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20956-20964. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Hao Ting Teo
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Incheon National University 22012 Incheon Korea
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
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Pace NA, Rugg BK, Chang CH, Reid OG, Thorley KJ, Parkin S, Anthony JE, Johnson JC. Conversion between triplet pair states is controlled by molecular coupling in pentadithiophene thin films. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7226-7238. [PMID: 34123008 PMCID: PMC8159287 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02497j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In singlet fission (SF) the initially formed correlated triplet pair state, 1(TT), may evolve toward independent triplet excitons or higher spin states of the (TT) species. The latter result is often considered undesirable from a light harvesting perspective but may be attractive for quantum information sciences (QIS) applications, as the final exciton pair can be spin-entangled and magnetically active with relatively long room temperature decoherence times. In this study we use ultrafast transient absorption (TA) and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TR-EPR) spectroscopy to monitor SF and triplet pair evolution in a series of alkyl silyl-functionalized pentadithiophene (PDT) thin films designed with systematically varying pairwise and long-range molecular interactions between PDT chromophores. The lifetime of the (TT) species varies from 40 ns to 1.5 μs, the latter of which is associated with extremely weak intermolecular coupling, sharp optical spectroscopic features, and complex TR-EPR spectra that are composed of a mixture of triplet and quintet-like features. On the other hand, more tightly coupled films produce broader transient optical spectra but simpler TR-EPR spectra consistent with significant population in 5(TT)0. These distinctions are rationalized through the role of exciton diffusion and predictions of TT state mixing with low exchange coupling J versus pure spin substate population with larger J. The connection between population evolution using electronic and spin spectroscopies enables assignments that provide a more detailed picture of triplet pair evolution than previously presented and provides critical guidance for designing molecular QIS systems based on light-induced spin coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Pace
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden Colorado 80401 USA
| | - Brandon K Rugg
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden Colorado 80401 USA
| | - Christopher H Chang
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden Colorado 80401 USA
| | - Obadiah G Reid
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden Colorado 80401 USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309 USA
| | - Karl J Thorley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - John E Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - Justin C Johnson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden Colorado 80401 USA
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