1
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Suh K, Thornton R, Farahani PE, Cohen D, Toettcher J. Large-scale control over collective cell migration using light-controlled epidermal growth factor receptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.30.596676. [PMID: 38853934 PMCID: PMC11160748 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.30.596676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are thought to play key roles in coordinating cell movement at single-cell and tissue scales. The recent development of optogenetic tools for controlling RTKs and their downstream signaling pathways suggested these responses may be amenable to engineering-based control for sculpting tissue shape and function. Here, we report that a light-controlled EGF receptor (OptoEGFR) can be deployed in epithelial cell lines for precise, programmable control of long-range tissue movements. We show that in OptoEGFR-expressing tissues, light can drive millimeter-scale cell rearrangements to densify interior regions or produce rapid outgrowth at tissue edges. Light-controlled tissue movements are driven primarily by PI 3-kinase signaling, rather than diffusible signals, tissue contractility, or ERK kinase signaling as seen in other RTK-driven migration contexts. Our study suggests that synthetic, light-controlled RTKs could serve as a powerful platform for controlling cell positions and densities for diverse applications including wound healing and tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Suh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton 08544
- Omenn-Darling Bioengineering Institutes, Princeton University, Princeton 08544
| | - Richard Thornton
- Omenn-Darling Bioengineering Institutes, Princeton University, Princeton 08544
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton 08544
| | - Payam E Farahani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton 08544
| | - Daniel Cohen
- Omenn-Darling Bioengineering Institutes, Princeton University, Princeton 08544
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton 08544
| | - Jared Toettcher
- Omenn-Darling Bioengineering Institutes, Princeton University, Princeton 08544
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton 08544
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2
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Yin X, Liu YQ, Zhang LY, Liang D, Xu GK. Emergence, Pattern, and Frequency of Spontaneous Waves in Spreading Epithelial Monolayers. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3631-3637. [PMID: 38466240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
A striking phenomenon of collective cell motion is that they can exhibit a spontaneously emerging wave during epithelia expansions. However, the fundamental mechanism, governing the emergence and its crucial characteristics (e.g., the eigenfrequency and the pattern), remains an enigma. By introducing a mechanochemical feedback loop, we develop a highly efficient discrete vertex model to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of spreading epithelia. We find both numerically and analytically that expanding cell monolayers display a power-law dependence of wave frequency on the local heterogeneities (i.e., cell density) with a scaling exponent of -1/2. Moreover, our study demonstrates the quantitative capability of the proposed model in capturing distinct X-, W-, and V-mode wave patterns. We unveil that the phase transition between these modes is governed by the distribution of active self-propulsion forces. Our work provides an avenue for rigorous quantitative investigations into the collective motion and pattern formation of cell groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yin
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, SVL, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yong-Quan Liu
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, SVL, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Li-Yuan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, SVL, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Guang-Kui Xu
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, SVL, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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3
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Hohmann U, Ghadban C, Prell J, Strauss C, Dehghani F, Hohmann T. A toolbox to analyze collective cell migration, proliferation and cellular organization simultaneously. Cell Adh Migr 2023; 17:1-11. [PMID: 37938930 PMCID: PMC10773533 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2023.2276615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analyses of collective cell migration and orientation phenomena are needed to assess the behavior of multicellular clusters. While some tools to the authors' knowledge none is capable to analyze collective migration, cellular orientation and proliferation in phase contrast images simultaneously. METHODS We provide a tool based to analyze phase contrast images of dense cell layers. PIV is used to calculatevelocity fields, while the structure tensor provides cellular orientation. An artificial neural network is used to identify cell division events, allowing to correlate migratory and organizational phenomena with cell density. CONCLUSION The presented tool allows the simultaneous analysis of collective cell behavior from phase contrast images in terms of migration, (self-)organization and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Hohmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Chalid Ghadban
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julian Prell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Strauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Faramarz Dehghani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tim Hohmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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4
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Falcó C, Cohen DJ, Carrillo JA, Baker RE. Quantifying tissue growth, shape and collision via continuum models and Bayesian inference. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20230184. [PMID: 37464804 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although tissues are usually studied in isolation, this situation rarely occurs in biology, as cells, tissues and organs coexist and interact across scales to determine both shape and function. Here, we take a quantitative approach combining data from recent experiments, mathematical modelling and Bayesian parameter inference, to describe the self-assembly of multiple epithelial sheets by growth and collision. We use two simple and well-studied continuum models, where cells move either randomly or following population pressure gradients. After suitable calibration, both models prove to be practically identifiable, and can reproduce the main features of single tissue expansions. However, our findings reveal that whenever tissue-tissue interactions become relevant, the random motion assumption can lead to unrealistic behaviour. Under this setting, a model accounting for population pressure from different cell populations is more appropriate and shows a better agreement with experimental measurements. Finally, we discuss how tissue shape and pressure affect multi-tissue collisions. Our work thus provides a systematic approach to quantify and predict complex tissue configurations with applications in the design of tissue composites and more generally in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Falcó
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Daniel J Cohen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - José A Carrillo
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Ruth E Baker
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
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5
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Luo S, Furuya K, Matsuda K, Tsukasa Y, Usui T, Uemura T. E-cadherin-dependent coordinated epithelial rotation on a two-dimensional discoidal pattern. Genes Cells 2023; 28:175-187. [PMID: 36562594 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In vivo, cells collectively migrate in a variety of developmental and pathological contexts. Coordinated epithelial rotation represents a unique type of collective cell migrations, which has been modeled in vitro under spatially confined conditions. Although it is known that the coordinated rotation depends on intercellular interactions, the contribution of E-cadherin, a major cell-cell adhesion molecule, has not been directly addressed on two-dimensional (2D) confined substrates. Here, using well-controlled fibronectin-coated surfaces, we tracked and compared the migratory behaviors of MDCK cells expressing or lacking E-cadherin. We observed that wild-type MDCK II cells exhibited persistent and coordinated rotations on discoidal patterns, while E-cadherin knockout cells migrated in a less coordinated manner without large-scale rotation. Our comparison of the collective dynamics between these two cell types revealed a series of changes in migratory behavior caused by the loss of E-cadherin, including a decreased global migration speed, less regularity in quantified coordination, and increased average density of topological defects. Taken together, these data demonstrate that spontaneous initiation of collective epithelial rotations depends on E-cadherin under 2D discoidal confinements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyu Luo
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanji Furuya
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kimiya Matsuda
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuma Tsukasa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadao Usui
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Uemura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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6
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Hohmann T, Hohmann U, Dahlmann M, Kobelt D, Stein U, Dehghani F. MACC1-Induced Collective Migration Is Promoted by Proliferation Rather Than Single Cell Biomechanics. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122857. [PMID: 35740524 PMCID: PMC9221534 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) is a marker for metastasis, tumor cell migration, and increased proliferation in colorectal cancer (CRC). Tumors with high MACC1 expression show a worse prognosis and higher invasion into neighboring structures. Yet, many facets of the pro-migratory effects are not fully understood. Atomic force microscopy and single cell live imaging were used to quantify biomechanical and migratory properties in low- and high-MACC1-expressing CRC cells. Furthermore, collective migration and expansion of small, cohesive cell colonies were analyzed using live cell imaging and particle image velocimetry. Lastly, the impact of proliferation on collective migration was determined by inhibition of proliferation using mitomycin. MACC1 did not affect elasticity, cortex tension, and single cell migration of CRC cells but promoted collective migration and colony expansion in vitro. Measurements of the local velocities in the dense cell layers revealed proliferation events as regions of high local speeds. Inhibition of proliferation via mitomycin abrogated the MACC1-associated effects on the collective migration speeds. A simple simulation revealed that the expansion of cell clusters without proliferation appeared to be determined mostly by single cell properties. MACC1 overexpression does not influence single cell biomechanics and migration but only collective migration in a proliferation-dependent manner. Thus, targeting proliferation in high-MACC1-expressing tumors may offer additional effects on cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hohmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, D-06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; (T.H.); (U.H.)
| | - Urszula Hohmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, D-06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; (T.H.); (U.H.)
| | - Mathias Dahlmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, D-13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.D.); (D.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dennis Kobelt
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, D-13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.D.); (D.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, D-13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.D.); (D.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (U.S.); (F.D.); Tel.: +49-9406-3432 (U.S.); +49-345-5571-944 (F.D.); Fax: +49-345-5571-700 (F.D.)
| | - Faramarz Dehghani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, D-06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; (T.H.); (U.H.)
- Correspondence: (U.S.); (F.D.); Tel.: +49-9406-3432 (U.S.); +49-345-5571-944 (F.D.); Fax: +49-345-5571-700 (F.D.)
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7
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Saraswathibhatla A, Zhang J, Notbohm J. Coordination of contractile tension and cell area changes in an epithelial cell monolayer. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:024404. [PMID: 35291100 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.024404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During tissue development and repair, cells contract and expand in coordination with their neighbors, giving rise to tissue deformations that occur on length scales far larger than that of a single cell. The biophysical mechanisms by which the contractile forces of each cell cause deformations on multicellular length scales are not fully clear. To investigate this question, we began with the principle of force equilibrium, which dictates a balance of tensile forces between neighboring cells. Based on this principle, we hypothesized that coordinated changes in cell area result from tension transmitted across the cell layer. To test this hypothesis, spatial correlations of both contractile tension and the divergence of cell velocities were measured as readouts of coordinated contractility and collective area changes, respectively. Experiments were designed to alter the spatial correlation of contractile tension using three different methods, including disrupting cell-cell adhesions, modulating the alignment of actomyosin stress fibers between neighboring cells, and changing the size of the cell monolayer. In all experiments, the spatial correlations of both tension and divergence increased or decreased together, in agreement with our hypothesis. To relate our findings to the intracellular mechanism connecting changes in cell area to contractile tension, we disrupted activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which is known to mediate the intracellular relationship between cell area and contraction. Consistent with prior knowledge, a temporal cross-correlation between cell area and tension revealed that ERK was responsible for a proportional relationship between cell area and contraction. Inhibition of ERK activation reduced the spatial correlations of the divergence of cell velocity but not of tension. Together, our findings suggest that coordination of cell contraction and expansion requires transfer of cell tension over space and ERK-mediated coordination between cell area and contraction in time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jacob Notbohm
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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8
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Skamrahl M, Pang H, Ferle M, Gottwald J, Rübeling A, Maraspini R, Honigmann A, Oswald TA, Janshoff A. Tight Junction ZO Proteins Maintain Tissue Fluidity, Ensuring Efficient Collective Cell Migration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100478. [PMID: 34382375 PMCID: PMC8498871 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are essential components of epithelial tissues connecting neighboring cells to provide protective barriers. While their general function to seal compartments is well understood, their role in collective cell migration is largely unexplored. Here, the importance of the TJ zonula occludens (ZO) proteins ZO1 and ZO2 for epithelial migration is investigated employing video microscopy in conjunction with velocimetry, segmentation, cell tracking, and atomic force microscopy/spectroscopy. The results indicate that ZO proteins are necessary for fast and coherent migration. In particular, ZO1 and 2 loss (dKD) induces actomyosin remodeling away from the central cortex towards the periphery of individual cells, resulting in altered viscoelastic properties. A tug-of-war emerges between two subpopulations of cells with distinct morphological and mechanical properties: 1) smaller and highly contractile cells with an outward bulging apical membrane, and 2) larger, flattened cells, which, due to tensile stress, display a higher proliferation rate. In response, the cell density increases, leading to crowding-induced jamming and more small cells over time. Co-cultures comprising wildtype and dKD cells migrate inefficiently due to phase separation based on differences in contractility rather than differential adhesion. This study shows that ZO proteins are necessary for efficient collective cell migration by maintaining tissue fluidity and controlling proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Skamrahl
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 6Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Hongtao Pang
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 6Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Maximilian Ferle
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 6Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Jannis Gottwald
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 6Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Angela Rübeling
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 2Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Riccardo Maraspini
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsPfotenhauerstraße 108Dresden01307Germany
| | - Alf Honigmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsPfotenhauerstraße 108Dresden01307Germany
| | - Tabea A. Oswald
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 2Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Andreas Janshoff
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 6Göttingen37077Germany
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9
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Jain S, Ladoux B, Mège RM. Mechanical plasticity in collective cell migration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 72:54-62. [PMID: 34134013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is crucial to maintain epithelium integrity during developmental and repair processes. It requires a tight regulation of mechanical coordination between neighboring cells. This coordination embraces different features including mechanical self-propulsion of individual cells within cellular colonies and large-scale force transmission through cell-cell junctions. This review discusses how the plasticity of biomechanical interactions at cell-cell contacts could help cellular systems to perform coordinated motions and adapt to the properties of the external environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyansh Jain
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France.
| | - René-Marc Mège
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France.
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10
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Kiran A, Kumar N, Mehandia V. Distinct Modes of Tissue Expansion in Free Versus Earlier-Confined Boundaries for More Physiological Modeling of Wound Healing, Cancer Metastasis, and Tissue Formation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11209-11222. [PMID: 34056276 PMCID: PMC8153934 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is often seen in many biological processes like embryogenesis, cancer metastasis, and wound healing. Despite extensive experimental and theoretical research, the unified mechanism responsible for collective cell migration is not well known. Most of the studies have investigated artificial model wound to study the collective cell migration in an epithelial monolayer. These artificial model wounds possess a high cell number density compared to the physiological scenarios like wound healing (cell damage due to applied cut) and cancer metastasis (smaller cell clusters). Therefore, both systems may not completely relate to each other, and further investigation is needed to understand the collective cell migration in physiological scenarios. In an effort to fill this existing knowledge gap, we investigated the freely expanding monolayer that closely represented the physiological scenarios and compared it with the artificially created model wound. In the present work, we report the effect of initial boundary conditions (free and confined) on the collective cell migration of the epithelial cell monolayer. The expansion and migration aspects of the freely expanding and earlier-confined monolayer were investigated at the tissue and cellular levels. The freely expanding monolayer showed significantly higher expansion and lower migration in comparison to the earlier-confined monolayer. The expansion and migration rate of the monolayer exhibited a strong negative correlation. The study highlights the importance of initial boundary conditions in the collective cell migration of the expanding tissue and provides useful insights that might be helpful in the future to tune the collective cell migration in wound healing, cancer metastasis, and tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Kiran
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Vishwajeet Mehandia
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
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11
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Abstract
Contact inhibition is a cell property that limits the migration and proliferation of cells in crowded environments. Here we investigate the growth dynamics of a cell colony composed of migrating and proliferating cells on a substrate using a minimal model that incorporates the mechanisms of contact inhibition of locomotion and proliferation. We find two distinct regimes. At early times, when contact inhibition is weak, the colony grows exponentially in time, fully characterised by the proliferation rate. At long times, the colony boundary moves at a constant speed, determined only by the migration speed of a single cell and independent of the proliferation rate. Further, the model demonstrates how cell-cell alignment speeds up colony growth. Our model illuminates how simple local mechanical interactions give rise to contact inhibition, and from this, how cell colony growth is self-organised and controlled on a local level.
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12
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Balcioglu HE, Balasubramaniam L, Stirbat TV, Doss BL, Fardin MA, Mège RM, Ladoux B. A subtle relationship between substrate stiffness and collective migration of cell clusters. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:1825-1839. [PMID: 31970382 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01893j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The physical cues from the extracellular environment mediates cell signaling spatially and temporally. Cells respond to physical cues from their environment in a non-monotonic fashion. Despite our understanding of the role of substrate rigidity on single cell migration, how cells respond collectively to increasing extracellular matrix stiffness is not well established. Here we patterned multicellular epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) islands on polyacrylamide gels of varying stiffness and studied their expansion. Our findings show that the MDCK islands expanded faster with increasing stiffness only up to an optimum stiffness, over which the expansion plateaued. We then focused on the expansion of the front of the assemblies and the formation of leader cells. We observed cell front destabilization only above substrate stiffness of a few kPa. The extension of multicellular finger-like structures at the edges of the colonies for intermediate and high stiffnesses from 6 to 60 kPa responded to higher substrate stiffness by increasing focal adhesion areas and actin cable assembly. Additionally, the number of leader cells at the finger-like protrusions increased with stiffness in correlation with an increase of the area of these multicellular protrusions. Consequently, the force profile along the epithelial fingers in the parallel and transverse directions of migration showed an unexpected relationship leading to a global force decrease with the increase of stiffness. Taken together, our findings show that epithelial cell colonies respond to substrate stiffness but in a non-trivial manner that may be of importance to understand morphogenesis and collective cell invasion during tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayri E Balcioglu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
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13
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Kempf F, Mueller R, Frey E, Yeomans JM, Doostmohammadi A. Active matter invasion. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:7538-7546. [PMID: 31451816 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01210a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biologically active materials such as bacterial biofilms and eukaryotic cells thrive in confined micro-spaces. Here, we show through numerical simulations that confinement can serve as a mechanical guidance to achieve distinct modes of collective invasion when combined with growth dynamics and the intrinsic activity of biological materials. We assess the dynamics of the growing interface and classify these collective modes of invasion based on the activity of the constituent particles of the growing matter. While at small and moderate activities the active material grows as a coherent unit, we find that blobs of active material collectively detach from the cohort above a well-defined activity threshold. We further characterise the mechanical mechanisms underlying the crossovers between different modes of invasion and quantify their impact on the overall invasion speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kempf
- Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München - Theresienstr. 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Romain Mueller
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics - Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
| | - Erwin Frey
- Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München - Theresienstr. 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia M Yeomans
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics - Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
| | - Amin Doostmohammadi
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics - Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
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