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Li Z, Xiao J. Thermoplastic Vulcanizates with an Integration of High Wear-Resistant and Anti-Slip Properties Based on Styrene Ethylene Propylene Styrene Block Copolymer/Styrene Ethylene Butylene Styrene Block Copolymer/Solution-Polymerization Styrene-Butadiene Rubber. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2221. [PMID: 39125247 PMCID: PMC11314681 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Distinguished from traditional vulcanized rubber, which is not reusable, thermoplastic elastomer (TPV) is a material that possesses both the excellent resilience of traditional vulcanized rubber and the recyclability of thermoplastic, and TPVs have been widely studied in both academia and industry because of their outstanding green properties. In this study, new thermoplastic elastomers based on solution polymerized styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR) and thermoplastic elastomers (SEPSs/SEBSs) were prepared by the first dynamic vulcanization process. The high slip resistance and abrasion resistance of SSBR are utilized to improve the poor slip resistance of SEPSs/SEBSs, which provides a direction for the recycling of shoe sole materials. In this paper, the effects of different ratios of the rubber/plastic phase (R/P) on the mechanical properties, rheological properties, micro-morphology, wear resistance, and anti-slip properties of SSBR/TPE TPVs are investigated. The results show that the SSBR/TPE TPVs have good mechanical properties. The tensile strength, tear strength, hardness, and resilience of the TPVs decrease slightly with an increasing R/P ratio. Still, TPVs have a tensile strength of 18.1 MPa when the ratio of R/P is 40/100, and this reaches the performance of the vulcanized rubber sole materials commonly used in the market. In addition, combined with microscopic morphology analysis (SEM), it was found that, with the increase in the R/P ratio, the size of the rubber particles gradually increased, forming a stronger crosslinking network, but the rheological properties of TPVs gradually decreased; crosslinking network enhancement led to the increase in the size of the rubber particles, and the increase in the size of rubber particles made the material in the abrasion of rubber particles fall easily, thus increasing its abrasion volume. Through dynamic mechanical analysis and anti-slip tests, when the R/P ratio was 40/100, the tan δ of TPVs at 0 °C was 0.35, which represents an ordinary vulcanized rubber sole material in the market. The viscoelasticity of TPVs increased with the increase in the R/P ratio, which improved the anti-slip performance of TPVs. SSBR/TPE TPVs are expected to be used in footwear and automotive fields due to their excellent abrasion resistance and anti-slip performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianbin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China;
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Cui Z, Wei L, Liu Y, Du A. Systematic investigation on the effect of processing procedures on the performance of oil‐resistant thermoplastic vulcanizates based on
HNBR
/
TPEE. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Liping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Aihua Du
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
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Effects of Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomers (EPDMs) with Different Moony Viscosity on Crystallization Behavior, Structure, and Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates (TPVs). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030642. [PMID: 36771943 PMCID: PMC9918945 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Moony viscosity of ethylene-propylene-diene monomers (EPDMs) can have effect on the crystallization dynamics, structure, and properties of EPDM/polypropylene (PP)-based thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs). TPVs with two different Moony viscosities are prepared via a twin-screw extruder, respectively. Crosslinked EPDM with lower Moony viscosity has a higher crosslinking density and the nucleation effect of its crosslink point improves the crystallization ability of PP in TPV, leading to PP phase crystallization at higher temperatures. For TPV with an EPDM of higher Moony viscosity, it has higher crystallinity and the EPDM phase crystallized earlier. Synchrotron radiation studies show that the EPDM with low Moony viscosity has no obvious crystalline structure, and the prepared TPV has an obvious phase separation structure, while the TPV with higher Mooney viscosity of the EPDM does not exhibit obvious phase separation, indicating that the longer EPDM chains have better compatibility with PP in TPV, also evidenced by the almost disappearance of the PP glass transition peak in TPV, from the dynamic mechanical analysis. The longer EPDM chains in TPV provide more physical entanglement and better interaction with PP molecules, resulting in a stronger strain hardening process, longer elongation at break, and higher tensile stress in TPV.
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Cui Z, Jing Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Du A. Thermoplastic vulcanizates with an integration of good mechanical performance and excellent resistance to high temperature and oil based on
HNBR
/
TPEE. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Yuanrong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Aihua Du
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
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Guo Y, Tian H, Li X, Han J, Ning N, Tian M, Zhang L. Preparation of FKM/EFEP thermoplastic vulcanizate with excellent heat and oil resistance, gas barrier property and recyclability. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Ge M, Wu J, Hong Q, Zhang L, Zhang M, Yu L. Quantitative analysis of s-PB/SBR blend dispersion morphology using computer image processing-assisted Raman spectroscopic techniques. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3982-3988. [PMID: 36189683 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01271e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the materials industry, it is significant to clarify the correlation between the material dispersion morphology and the mechanical properties of rubber blends, which are comprehensively employed and are always in the spotlight. However, there are no generalized automatic visual characterization methods for dispersion morphology at present. In this paper, we wish to introduce a novel computer image processing-assisted approach for quantitative evaluation based on Raman mapping images, in which inhomogeneity factor Kc was defined to characterize the homogeneity of rubber blends. This numerical processing technique will provide a more objective standard for the quality control of relevant materials and products. It may be of profound impact on the information and automation of material engineering and is a key technique for automatic production and quality inspection of the related materials in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ge
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 8048550, Japan.
- Joint Laboratory of Yangzhou University and Kyushu Institute of Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Junqing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China.
- Joint Laboratory of Yangzhou University and Kyushu Institute of Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Qingqing Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China.
- Joint Laboratory of Yangzhou University and Kyushu Institute of Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 8048550, Japan.
- Joint Laboratory of Yangzhou University and Kyushu Institute of Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China.
- Joint Laboratory of Yangzhou University and Kyushu Institute of Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Lei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China.
- School of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
- Joint Laboratory of Yangzhou University and Kyushu Institute of Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
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Effects of shear during injection molding on the anisotropic microstructure and properties of EPDM/PP TPV containing rubber nanoparticle agglomerates. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Hel CL, Bounor-Legaré V, Catherin M, Lucas A, Thèvenon A, Cassagnau P. TPV: A New Insight on the Rubber Morphology and Mechanic/Elastic Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102315. [PMID: 33050464 PMCID: PMC7601656 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work is to study the influence of the ratio between the elastomer (EPDM) phase and the thermoplastic phase (PP) in thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) as well as the associated morphology of the compression set of the material. First, from a study of the literature, it is concluded that the rubber phase must be dispersed with a large distribution of the domain size in the thermoplastic phase in order to achieve a high concentration, i.e., a maximal packing fraction close to ~0.80. From this discussion, it is inferred that a certain degree of progress in the crosslinking reaction must be reached when the thermoplastic phase is melted during mixing in order to achieve dispersion of the elastomeric phase in the thermoplastic matrix under maximum stress. In terms of elasticity recovery which is measured from the compression set experiment, it is observed that the crosslinking agent nature (DCP or phenolic resin) has no influence in the case of a TPV compared with a pure crosslinked EPDM system. Then, the TPV morphology and the rubber phase concentration are the first order parameters in the compression set of TPVs. Finally, the addition of carbon black fillers leads to an improvement of the mechanical properties at break for the low PP concentration (20%). However, the localization of carbon black depends on the crosslinking chemistry nature. With radical chemistry by organic peroxide decomposition, carbon black is located at the interface of EPDM and PP acting as a compatibilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Le Hel
- Univ-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS, UMR 5223, 15 Bd Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; (C.L.H.); (V.B.-L.); (M.C.)
| | - Véronique Bounor-Legaré
- Univ-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS, UMR 5223, 15 Bd Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; (C.L.H.); (V.B.-L.); (M.C.)
| | - Mathilde Catherin
- Univ-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS, UMR 5223, 15 Bd Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; (C.L.H.); (V.B.-L.); (M.C.)
| | - Antoine Lucas
- Hutchinson, Centre de Recherche, Rue Gustave Nourry-B.P. 31, 45120-Chalette-sur-Loing, France; (A.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Anthony Thèvenon
- Hutchinson, Centre de Recherche, Rue Gustave Nourry-B.P. 31, 45120-Chalette-sur-Loing, France; (A.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Philippe Cassagnau
- Univ-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS, UMR 5223, 15 Bd Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; (C.L.H.); (V.B.-L.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Lv F, Fan J, Huang J, Cao L, Yan X, Ge L, Abubakar S, Chen Y. Preparation of polypropylene/ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer/nitrile rubber ternary
thermoplastics vulcanizates
with good mechanical properties and oil resistance by core‐shell dynamic vulcanization. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lv
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, School of Mechanical and Automotive EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Jianfeng Fan
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, School of Mechanical and Automotive EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Jiarong Huang
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, School of Mechanical and Automotive EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Liming Cao
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, School of Mechanical and Automotive EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Xuesong Yan
- ExxonMobil Asia Pacific Research & Development Co., Ltd Shanghai China
| | - Ling Ge
- ExxonMobil Asia Pacific Research & Development Co., Ltd Shanghai China
| | - Saifudin Abubakar
- ExxonMobil Asia Pacific Research & Development Co., Ltd Shanghai China
| | - Yukun Chen
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, School of Mechanical and Automotive EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
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