Bifunctional Au-templated RNA nanoparticles enable direct cell uptake detection and GRP75 knockdown in prostate cancer

Tyramine-assisted fluorescent labeling of polysaccharides: Characterization, and interfacial properties

Fluorescence labeling has been widely used in various fields, including fluorescent sensors, biochemistry, medical and chemical research. This study proposed an efficient strategy for the detection and microanalysis of polysaccharides. Soy hull polysaccharide (SHP) was successfully labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) via an amination reaction using tyramine as a linker. The labeled polysaccharide (FTSHP) was characterized by fluorescence, UV-visible, flourier transform infrared (FT-IR), 1H NMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and interfacial tension. The results indicated that the labeling efficiency of FTSHP with different concentration of FITC (0.20-0.35 wt%) was 1.51 %, 1.58 %, 1.63 %, and 1.67 %, respectively, with fluorescence intensity increasing as FITC concentration increased. Moreover, the interfacial adsorption capacity and thermal stability of FTSHP were significantly improved compared to SHP. This labeling method offers a promising approach for detection and analysis of polysaccharides, providing new insights into the study of other natural polysaccharides.

Study on the pharmacokinetics of mulberry fruit polysaccharides through fluorescence labeling

A sensitive and efficient fluorescence labeling method was developed and validated for the microanalysis and detection of polysaccharides. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was successfully labeled on mulberry fruit polysaccharides (MFP) through a reductive amination reaction with the assistant of tyramine. The fluorescent labeled polysaccharides (FMFP) was identified by fluorescence, UV-visible, flourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and 1H NMR spectrum. Results demonstrated that the labeling efficiency of FMFP was 0.32%, and the FMFP was stable in simulated digestion fluid without cytotoxicity. The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution after administration were analyzed in rats, which indicated that the FMFP obtained could be absorbed in a short time (tmax 0.50 h) but eliminated slowly (t1/2 8.77 ± 1.38 h). At 24 h after administration, the polysaccharide could be tested mainly in intestine, stomach, liver and kidney. The FITC labeling method lays a foundation for investigating the absorption and metabolism of MFP, and provides references for the microanalysis research of bioactive polysaccharides.

High Stability Au NPs: From Design to Application in Nanomedicine

In recent years, Au-based nanomaterials are widely used in nanomedicine and biosensors due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. However, these applications require Au NPs to have excellent stability in different environments, such as extreme pH, high temperature, high concentration ions, and various biomatrix. To meet the requirement of multiple applications, many synthetic substances and natural products are used to prepare highly stable Au NPs. Because of this, we aim at offering an update comprehensive summary of preparation high stability Au NPs. In addition, we discuss its application in nanomedicine. The contents of this review are based on a balanced combination of our studies and selected research studies done by worldwide academic groups. First, we address some critical methods for preparing highly stable Au NPs using polymers, including heterocyclic substances, polyethylene glycols, amines, and thiol, then pay attention to natural product progress Au NPs. Then, we sum up the stability of various Au NPs in different stored times, ions solution, pH, temperature, and biomatrix. Finally, the application of Au NPs in nanomedicine, such as drug delivery, bioimaging, photothermal therapy (PTT), clinical diagnosis, nanozyme, and radiotherapy (RT), was addressed concentratedly.

Mitochondrial and Organellar Crosstalk in Parkinson's Disease

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-established pathological event in Parkinson's disease (PD). Proteins misfolding and its impaired cellular clearance due to altered autophagy/mitophagy/pexophagy contribute to PD progression. It has been shown that mitochondria have contact sites with endoplasmic reticulum (ER), peroxisomes and lysosomes that are involved in regulating various physiological processes. In pathological conditions, the crosstalk at the contact sites initiates alterations in intracellular vesicular transport, calcium homeostasis and causes activation of proteases, protein misfolding and impairment of autophagy. Apart from the well-reported molecular changes like mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired autophagy/mitophagy and oxidative stress in PD, here we have summarized the recent scientific reports to provide the mechanistic insights on the altered communications between ER, peroxisomes, and lysosomes at mitochondrial contact sites. Furthermore, the manuscript elaborates on the contributions of mitochondrial contact sites and organelles dysfunction to the pathogenesis of PD and suggests potential therapeutic targets.