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Nguyen TT, Nguyen HN, Nghiem THL, Do XH, To TT, Do TXP, Do DL, Nguyen HG, Nguyen HM, Nguyen ND, Luu MQ, Nguyen TN, Nguyen TBN, Nguyen VT, Pham VT, Than UTT, Hoang TMN. High biocompatible FITC-conjugated silica nanoparticles for cell labeling in both in vitro and in vivo models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6969. [PMID: 38521815 PMCID: PMC10960792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55600-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence nanosilica-based cell tracker has been explored and applied in cell biological research. However, the aggregation of these nanoparticles at physiological pH is still the main limitation. In this research, we introduced a novel fluorescence nano-based cell tracker suitable for application in live cells. The silica-coated fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer (FITC-SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were modified with carboxymethylsilanetriol disodium salt (FITC-SiO2-COOH), integrating the dianion form of FITC molecules. This nanosystem exhibited superior dispersion in aqueous solutions and effectively mitigated dye leakage. These labeled NPs displayed notable biocompatibility and minimal cytotoxicity in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Significantly, the NPs did not have negative implications on cell migration or angiogenesis. They successfully penetrated primary fibroblasts, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and HeLa cells in both 2D and 3D cultures, with the fluorescence signal enduring for over 72 h. Furthermore, the NP signals were consistently observed in the developing gastrointestinal tract of live medaka fish larvae for extended periods during phases of subdued digestive activity, without manifesting any apparent acute toxicity. These results underscore the promising utility of FITC-SiO2-COOH NPs as advanced live cell trackers in biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thuy Nguyen
- Center for Quantum and Electronics, Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Nam Nguyen
- Nano and Energy Center, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ha Lien Nghiem
- Center for Quantum and Electronics, Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Xuan-Hai Do
- Department of Practical and Experimental Surgery, Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung Street, Phuc La, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Thuy To
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Xuan Phuong Do
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Dieu Linh Do
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Huong Giang Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Huy Manh Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Dinh Nguyen
- Faculty of Physics, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Manh Quynh Luu
- Faculty of Physics, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trong Nghia Nguyen
- Center for Quantum and Electronics, Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Bich Ngoc Nguyen
- Center for Quantum and Electronics, Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Toan Nguyen
- Center for Quantum and Electronics, Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Thanh Pham
- Faculty of Physics, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Uyen Thi Trang Than
- Vinmec Hi-Tech Center and Vinmec-VinUni Institute of Immunology, Vinmec Healthcare System, 458 Minh Khai Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi My Nhung Hoang
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam.
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Kirley TL, Norman AB. Characterization and optimization of fluorescein isothiocyanate labeling of humanized h2E2 anti-cocaine mAb. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 35:101520. [PMID: 37554426 PMCID: PMC10404603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) is widely used to fluorescently label reactive lysine residues on proteins, including antibodies. The rate and extent of labeling varies with reaction conditions, concentration of label, and the concentration and nature of the protein. Fluorescently labeled proteins are very useful, and one use for FITC labeled mAbs is development of assays to measure anti-mAb antibodies produced in vivo during treatment with antibody therapeutics. Our laboratory has developed a humanized anti-cocaine mAb (h2E2) intended for the treatment of cocaine use disorders. Thus, a well characterized FITC labeled h2E2 mAb is needed to quantitate possible anti-mAb antibodies. The time course of labeling and the relative incorporation of FITC into the heavy and light chains, as well as into the Fab and Fc portions of the mAb, was assessed. A novel use of differential scanning fluorimetry in the absence of any extrinsic fluorophore was developed and demonstrated to be capable of measuring antigen (cocaine) binding. In addition, the effect of increasing degrees of labeling by FITC on the thermodynamic parameters driving the binding of cocaine to the mAb was assessed via isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). This binding technique, unlike others developed recently to measure cocaine binding, is not dependent on, or subject to interference by, the absorbance or fluorescence of the incorporated FITC label. The methods and results reported herein guide the optimization of FITC labeling needed for anti-mAb assays and other assays important for the development of therapeutic mAbs, which are some of the most specific and clinically useful drugs available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence L. Kirley
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Andrew B. Norman
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
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Cho HH, Choi JH, Been SY, Kim N, Choi JM, Kim W, Kim D, Jung JJ, Song JE, Khang G. Development of fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated gellan gum for application of bioimaging for biomedical application. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2804-2812. [PMID: 32828893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, gellan gum (GG), a nature-derived polysaccharide, was applied to combine fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to fabricate a bio-imaging material. The synthesis process of the FITC grafted GG (GG-F) and manufacturing method of GG-F scaffolds are presented. Chemical, physicochemical, and mechanical properties were characterized. In vitro study and in vivo study by implanting the GG-F scaffolds under the subcutaneous area of the nude mice were carried out to verify biocompatibility and safety of the material. The emission of the FITC was confirmed with high-resolution confocal laser scanning microscope (SR CLMS) and fluorescence in vivo imaging (FOBI). The results exhibited well-synthesized GG-F and the manufactured GG-F scaffolds showed similar property of GG scaffolds which confirms that the chemical modification does not affect the property of GG scaffolds. The in vitro and in vivo study exhibited biocompatibility of the GG-F material. Overall, the properly blended GG-F in GG did not influence the characteristics of the pristine GG except for the chemical property. Therefore, the GG-F can be applied for the future analysis in verifying the mechanism of GG characters and can be a promising candidate for bio-imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun Hwi Cho
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo Hee Choi
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su Young Been
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Namyeong Kim
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Choi
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoup Kim
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - David Kim
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Jae Jung
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Song
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Gilson Khang
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang Y, Hou D, Yu X. Facile preparation of FITC-modified silicon nanodots for ratiometric pH sensing and imaging. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 234:118276. [PMID: 32203687 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A ratiometric fluorescent pH sensor was facilely constructed by covalent modification of amino-terminated silicon nanodots (SiND) with pH-sensitive fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). After optimization, the SiND-FITC(40:1) material with a SiND:FITC initial mass ratio of 40:1 was selected for the sensing of hydrogen ions. It was observed that the material inherits the unique features of SiND and FITC, and there is significant improvement of SiND acid-base stability, which is a favorable factor in terms of providing fluorescence reference signal. The SiND-FITC(40:1) material displays not only high pH sensitivity, but also good stability and anti-interference ability, and the response process is highly reversible. Deploying the SiND-FITC(40:1) material, we have made available a simple, sensitive, and precise approach for pH sensing. In aqueous solutions, the I517/I466 fluorescence intensity ratio of SiND-FITC(40:1) increases linearly in the pH range of 5.40-7.76. This dual emission nanosensor was successfully applied for pH sensing and cellular fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.
| | - Dajun Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xueli Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China
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Wang X, Yu S, Wang J, Yu J, Arabi M, Fu L, Li B, Li J, Chen L. Fluorescent nanosensor designing via hybrid of carbon dots and post-imprinted polymers for the detection of ovalbumin. Talanta 2020; 211:120727. [PMID: 32070576 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We reported a facile strategy to assemble a ratiometric nanosensor for the ovalbumin (OVA) fluorescence determination and meanwhile it can be utilized for selective visual identification by naked eyes with fluorescent test papers under 365 nm UV lamp. The nanosensor was prepared through simply mixing blue color carbon dots (CDs) and green color core-shell imprinted polymers. Blue CDs were used directly as the internal reference without participating in the imprinting process and modified molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized by post-imprinting, using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) as fluorescence enhanced signal. Upon the addition of different concentrations of OVA, the fluorescence intensity of FITC was enhanced, while the fluorescence intensity of CDs was almost unchanged, leading to a detection limit as low as 15.4 nM. Accordingly, the fluorescence color was gradually changed from blue to dark olive green to green with naked eyes observation. Moreover, the ratiometric nanosensor was successfully applied to detect OVA in the human urine samples with satisfactory recoveries attaining of 92.0-104.0% with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.3-3.9% and 93.3-101.0% with RSDs of 2.7-3.8% for the spiked chicken egg white samples. This strategy reported here opens a novel pathway for biomacromolecule detection in real applications and can realize the visual observation on fluorescent test papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Shuangmei Yu
- Radiotherapy Ward, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Jiangru Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Cademy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Jialuo Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Cademy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Maryam Arabi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Cademy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Longwen Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Cademy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Bowei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Cademy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Cademy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Cademy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.
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Wang M, Yang H, Wu Y, Fu Z. Fluorescent analysis of Staphylococcus aureus by using daptomycin and immunoglobulin G for dual sites affinity. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 215:340-344. [PMID: 30852281 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A dual sites affinity protocol was developed for fluorescent analysis of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) by employing daptomycin and immunoglobulin G (IgG) as the recognition elements. Pig IgG immobilized on microplate was employed as the first recognition element to capture S. aureus owing to the fact that the Fc segment of mammal IgG can selectively bind with protein A on the surface of the target bacteria. Meanwhile, fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated daptomycin was employed as the second recognition element as well as the signal tracer for the target bacteria utilizing the binding capability of daptomycin to Gram-positive bacteria. S. aureus can be analyzed within a concentration range of 5.0 × 103-5.0 × 108 CFU mL-1 with a detection limit of 3.6 × 103 CFU mL-1. The analytical process can be accomplished within 1.5 h by using a pre-coated microplate. The dual sites affinity protocol can exclude the interference led by Gram-negative bacteria and other common Gram-positive bacteria. We have successfully applied it to analyze S. aureus in spiked lake water and physiological saline injection samples, and the recovery values ranged from 88.0% to 120.0%. The results demonstrate its application potential for environmental sanitation and drug safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Honglin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhifeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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Park SH, Kim JL, Jeong S, Kim BR, Na YJ, Jo MJ, Yun HK, Jeong YA, Kim DY, Kim BG, You S, Oh SC, Lee DH. Codium fragile F2 sensitize colorectal cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via c-FLIP ubiquitination. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:1-8. [PMID: 30409427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that combined treatment with subtoxic doses of Codium extracts (CE), a flavonoid found in many fruits and vegetables, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), induces apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Effective induction of apoptosis by combined treatment with CE and TRAIL was not blocked by Bcl-xL overexpression, which is known to confer resistance to various chemotherapeutic agents. While TRAIL-mediated proteolytic processing of procaspase-3 was partially blocked in various CRC cells treated with TRAIL alone, co-treatment with CE efficiently recovered TRAIL-induced caspase activation. We observed that CE treatment of CRC cells did not change the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and pro-apoptotic proteins, including death receptors (DR4 and DR5). However, CE treatment markedly reduced the protein level of the short form of the cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIPS), an inhibitor of caspase-8, via proteasome-mediated degradation. Collectively, these observations show that CE recovers TRAIL sensitivity in various CRC cells via down-regulation of c-FLIPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hye Park
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Lim Kim
- Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeong
- Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Kim
- Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Na
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jee Jo
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Kyeong Yun
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon A Jeong
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yeong Kim
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Bu Gyeom Kim
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheul Oh
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea; Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea; Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a debilitating disease and is often fatal. It may be the consequence of direct lung injury or the result of genetic defects and occupational, environmental, or drug-related exposures. In many cases the etiology is unknown. The pathogenesis of all forms of pulmonary fibrosis regardless of type of injury or etiology is incompletely understood. These disorders are characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix in the lung interstitium with a loss of lung compliance and impaired gas exchange that ultimately leads to respiratory failure. Animal models of pulmonary fibrosis have become indispensable in the improved understanding of these disorders. Multiple models have been developed each with advantages and disadvantages. In this chapter we discuss the application of two of the most commonly employed direct lung instillation models, namely, the induction of pulmonary fibrosis with bleomycin or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). We provide details on design, materials, and methods and describe how these models can be best undertaken. We also discuss methods to induce fibrosis in aged mice using murine gamma-herpesvirus (γHV-68) and approaches to exacerbate bleomycin- or FITC-induced fibrosis using γHV-68.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N O'Dwyer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Arasu A, Kumaresan V, Palanisamy R, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Ganesh MR, Arockiaraj J. Bacterial membrane binding and pore formation abilities of carbohydrate recognition domain of fish lectin. Dev Comp Immunol 2017; 67:202-212. [PMID: 27729229 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are innate molecules that are found in a wide variety of species ranging from bacteria to humans. In recent years, excessive usage of antibiotics resulted in development of multi-drug resistant pathogens which made researchers to focus on AMPs as potential substitute for antibiotics. Lily type mannose-binding lectin is an extended super-family of structurally and evolutionarily related sugar binding proteins. These lectins are well-known AMPs which play important roles in fish defense mechanism. Here, we report a full-length lily type lectin-2 (LTL-2) identified from the cDNA library of striped murrel, Channa striatus (Cs). CsLTL-2 protein contained B-lectin domain along with three carbohydrate binding sites which is a prominent characteristic functional feature of LTL. The mRNA transcripts of CsLTL-2 were predominantly expressed in gills and considerably up-regulated upon infection with fungus (Aphanomyces invadans) and bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila). To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the carbohydrate binding region of CsLTL-2, the region was synthesized (QP13) and its bactericidal activity was analyzed. In addition, QP13 was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and its binding affinity with the bacterial cell membranes was analyzed. Minimum inhibitory concentration assay revealed that QP13 inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli at a concentration of 80 μM/ml. Confocal microscopic observation showed that FITC tagged QP13 specifically bound to the bacterial membrane. Fluorescence assisted cell sorter (FACS) assay showed that QP13 reduced the bacterial cell count drastically. Therefore, the mechanism of action of QP13 on E. coli cells was determined by propidium iodide internalization assay which confirmed that QP13 induced bacterial membrane disruption. Moreover, the peptide did not show any cytotoxicity towards fish peripheral blood leucocytes. Taken together, these results support the potentiality of QP13 that can be used as an antimicrobial agent against the tested pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Arasu
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Microbiology, SRM Arts & Science College, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, India
| | - Venkatesh Kumaresan
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Palanisamy
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munuswamy-Ramanujam Ganesh
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Liu H, Xu C, Bai Y, Liu L, Liao D, Liang J, Liu L, Han H. Interaction between fluorescein isothiocyanate and carbon dots: Inner filter effect and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 171:311-316. [PMID: 27566916 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have been widely used for the preparation of multifunctional probes by conjugation with organic fluorescent dyes. However, the effect of organic fluorescent dyes on CDs still remains poorly understood. Herein, the effect of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) on CDs was explored by spectroscopic techniques at pH5.1, 7.0 and 9.0. The fluorescent intensity of CDs was found to be quenched gradually after mixing directly with different concentrations of FITC, but the fluorescent lifetime of CDs remained unchanged. According to the results of UV-vis absorption spectra and fluorescent lifetime measurements, a pH-dependent inner filter effect (IFE) between CDs and FITC was proposed. However, the fluorescent lifetime of CDs deceased after their conjugation with FITC, implying the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between CDs and FITC. This study has revealed two different effects of FITC on CDs with varying pH values and provided useful theoretical guidelines for further research on the interaction between other nanoparticles and fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabing Liu
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Chaoyong Xu
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yanli Bai
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dongmei Liao
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jiangong Liang
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Lingzhi Liu
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Heyou Han
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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Santos EOL, Azzolini AECS, Lucisano-Valim YM. Optimization of a flow cytometric assay to evaluate the human neutrophil ability to phagocytose immune complexes via Fcγ and complement receptors. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014; 72:67-71. [PMID: 25450839 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to optimize some experimental conditions of a flow cytometric assay to examine the human neutrophil ability to phagocytose immune complexes (ICs) via Fcγ and complement receptors (FcγR and CR, respectively). The parameters assessed were: number of cells, concentration of ICs, reaction time, pH and concentration of the Trypan Blue quenching solution. METHODS Neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers. Precipitated ICs composed of IgG and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled ovalbumin, opsonized or not with serum complement, were used to trigger the neutrophil phagocytosis via FcγR, CR, and FcγR+CR. Fluorescence of the internalized ICs was measured by flow cytometry, after quenching the extracellular fluorescence with Trypan Blue. RESULTS The optimal experimental conditions established for the phagocytosis assay were: 1 × 10(6) cells mL(-1) and 40 μg mL(-1) FITC-labeled ICs, incubated for 30 min, at 37°C, in 0.5 mL of reaction volume. Trypan Blue solution at 1.25 mg mL(-1) pH4.4 was the best fluorescence quencher of FITC-labeled ICs attached to the outer surface of neutrophils. DISCUSSION The selected experimental conditions were viable to evaluate IC phagocytosis by neutrophils; they are also suitable to compare the efficiency of IC phagocytosis mediated by FcγR and CR classes of membrane receptors, alone or in combination. This method finds application in studies of (i) the receptor-specific phagocytic function of normal and pathogenic neutrophils as well as (ii) the impact of drugs and therapies on this essential effector function of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton O L Santos
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa C S Azzolini
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Yara M Lucisano-Valim
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil.
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12
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Liu JM, Huang Q, Liu ZB, Zhang LH, Zheng ZY, Lin CQ. Design of highly sensitive phosphorescence sensor for determination of procaterol hydrochloride based on inhibition of KClO3 oxidation fluorescein isothiocyanate. LUMINESCENCE 2014; 30:382-7. [PMID: 25044504 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Procaterol hydrochloride (Prh) can inhibit KClO3 oxidation of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to form a non-phosphorescent compound, which causes room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of FITC in the system to enhance sharply the linear relationship between ∆Ip and the Prh content. Thus, a rapid response and highly sensitive phosphorescence sensor for the determination of Prh has been developed based on the inhibiting effect of Prh on KClO3 oxidation of FITC. This simple, high sensitivity (detection limit (LD) calculated by 3Sb /k was 0.019 fg/spot, sample volume 0.40 µl, corresponding concentration 4.8 × 10(-14) g ml(-1) ) and selective sensor with a wide linear range (0.080-11.20 g/spot) has been applied to detect Prh in blood samples, and the results were consistent with those obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Simultaneously, the mechanism of the phosphorescence sensor for the detection of Prh was also investigated using infrared spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, People's Republic of China
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Hodar C, Zuñiga A, Pulgar R, Travisany D, Chacon C, Pino M, Maass A, Cambiazo V. Comparative gene expression analysis of Dtg, a novel target gene of Dpp signaling pathway in the early Drosophila melanogaster embryo. Gene 2013; 535:210-7. [PMID: 24321690 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the early Drosophila melanogaster embryo, Dpp, a secreted molecule that belongs to the TGF-β superfamily of growth factors, activates a set of downstream genes to subdivide the dorsal region into amnioserosa and dorsal epidermis. Here, we examined the expression pattern and transcriptional regulation of Dtg, a new target gene of Dpp signaling pathway that is required for proper amnioserosa differentiation. We showed that the expression of Dtg was controlled by Dpp and characterized a 524-bp enhancer that mediated expression in the dorsal midline, as well as, in the differentiated amnioserosa in transgenic reporter embryos. This enhancer contained a highly conserved region of 48-bp in which bioinformatic predictions and in vitro assays identified three Mad binding motifs. Mutational analysis revealed that these three motifs were necessary for proper expression of a reporter gene in transgenic embryos, suggesting that short and highly conserved genomic sequences may be indicative of functional regulatory regions in D. melanogaster genes. Dtg orthologs were not detected in basal lineages of Dipterans, which unlike D. melanogaster develop two extra-embryonic membranes, amnion and serosa, nevertheless Dtg orthologs were identified in the transcriptome of Musca domestica, in which dorsal ectoderm patterning leads to the formation of a single extra-embryonic membrane. These results suggest that Dtg was recruited as a new component of the network that controls dorsal ectoderm patterning in the lineage leading to higher Cyclorrhaphan flies, such as D. melanogaster and M. domestica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hodar
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago, Chile; Fondap Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Zuñiga
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago, Chile; Fondap Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Pulgar
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago, Chile; Fondap Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dante Travisany
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Matemática del Genoma, Center for Mathematical Modeling, FCFM-Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Fondap Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Chacon
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael Pino
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Maass
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Matemática del Genoma, Center for Mathematical Modeling, FCFM-Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Fondap Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Mathematical Engineering, FCFM-Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Cambiazo
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago, Chile; Fondap Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Wong BS, Yoong SL, Jagusiak A, Panczyk T, Ho HK, Ang WH, Pastorin G. Carbon nanotubes for delivery of small molecule drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1964-2015. [PMID: 23954402 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the realm of drug delivery, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained tremendous attention as promising nanocarriers, owing to their distinct characteristics, such as high surface area, enhanced cellular uptake and the possibility to be easily conjugated with many therapeutics, including both small molecules and biologics, displaying superior efficacy, enhanced specificity and diminished side effects. While most CNT-based drug delivery system (DDS) had been engineered to combat cancers, there are also emerging reports that employ CNTs as either the main carrier or adjunct material for the delivery of various non-anticancer drugs. In this review, the delivery of small molecule drugs is expounded, with special attention paid to the current progress of in vitro and in vivo research involving CNT-based DDSs, before finally concluding with some consideration on inevitable complications that hamper successful disease intervention with CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sheng Wong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, S4 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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15
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Hood SP, Mee ET, Perkins H, Bowen O, Dale JM, Almond NM, Karayiannis P, Bright H, Berry NJ, Rose NJ. Changes in immune cell populations in the periphery and liver of GBV-B-infected and convalescent tamarins (Saguinus labiatus). Virus Res 2013; 179:93-101. [PMID: 24246306 PMCID: PMC3969288 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
GBV-B infection of tamarins is a valuable model for acute HCV infection. We observed distinct expression patterns of PD-1, a marker of T-cell activation, on peripheral and hepatic lymphocytes. Differential PD-1 expression is coincident with reduction in peripheral GBV-B. Liver-associated viral RNA in the absence of peripheral viraemia indicates maintenance of occult infection.
Flaviviruses related to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in suitable animal models may provide further insight into the role that cellular immunity contributes to spontaneous clearance of HCV. We characterised changes in lymphocyte populations in tamarins with an acute GBV-B infection, a hepatitis virus of the flaviviridae. Major immune cell populations were monitored in peripheral and intra-hepatic lymphocytes at high viraemia or following a period when peripheral virus was no longer detected. Limited changes in major lymphocyte populations were apparent during high viraemia; however, the proportions of CD3+ lymphocytes decreased and CD20+ lymphocytes increased once peripheral viraemia became undetectable. Intrahepatic lymphocyte populations increased at both time points post-infection. Distinct expression patterns of PD-1, a marker of T-cell activation, were observed on peripheral and hepatic lymphocytes; notably there was elevated PD-1 expression on hepatic CD4+ T-cells during high viraemia, suggesting an activated phenotype, which decreased following clearance of peripheral viraemia. At times when peripheral vRNA was not detected, suggesting viral clearance, we were able to readily detect GBV-B RNA in the liver, indicative of long-term virus replication. This study is the first description of changes in lymphocyte populations during GBV-B infection of tamarins and provides a foundation for more detailed investigations of the responses that contribute to the control of GBV-B infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Hood
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Edward T Mee
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Hannah Perkins
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Research and Development, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, UK
| | - Ori Bowen
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Jessica M Dale
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Neil M Almond
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Peter Karayiannis
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Variety Wing Floor D, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Helen Bright
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Research and Development, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, UK
| | - Neil J Berry
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Nicola J Rose
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
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Pärtty A, Luoto R, Kalliomäki M, Salminen S, Isolauri E. Effects of early prebiotic and probiotic supplementation on development of gut microbiota and fussing and crying in preterm infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Pediatr 2013; 163:1272-7.e1-2. [PMID: 23915796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of early prebiotic and probiotic intervention on preterm infants' well-being, crying, growth, and microbiological programming. STUDY DESIGN Ninety-four preterm infants (gestational age 32-36 weeks and birth weight >1500 g) randomized to receive prebiotics (mixture of galacto-oligosaccharide and polydextrose 1:1), probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG), or placebo during the first 2 months of life were followed up for 1 year. Infants were categorized based on the extent of crying and irritability during the first 2 months of life, and their gut microbiota was investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (n = 66) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (n = 63). RESULTS A total of 27 of 94 infants (29%) infants were classified as excessive criers, significantly less frequently in the prebiotic and the probiotic groups than in the placebo group (19% vs 19% vs 47%, respectively; P = .02). The placebo group had a higher percentage of Clostridium histolyticum group bacteria in their stools than did the probiotic group (13.9% vs 8.9%, respectively; P = .05). There were no adverse events related to either supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Early prebiotic and probiotic supplementation may alleviate symptoms associated with crying and fussing in preterm infants. This original finding may offer new therapeutic and preventive measures for this common disturbance in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pärtty
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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17
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Chana KK, Fenwick PS, Nicholson AG, Barnes PJ, Donnelly LE. Identification of a distinct glucocorticosteroid-insensitive pulmonary macrophage phenotype in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 133:207-16.e1-11. [PMID: 24176116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary macrophages increase in number, release increased levels of inflammatory mediators, and respond poorly to glucocorticosteroids. Whether this is due to a change in macrophage phenotype or localized activation is unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate whether macrophages from patients with COPD are a distinct phenotype. METHODS Macrophage populations were isolated from human lung tissue from nonsmokers, smokers, and patients with COPD by using Percoll density gradients. Five macrophage populations were isolated on the basis of density (1.011-1.023, 1.023-1.036, 1.036-1.048, 1.048-1.061, and 1.061-1.073 g/mL), and cell-surface expression of CD14, CD16, CD163, CD40, and CD206 was assessed by using flow cytometry. Release of active matrix metalloproteinase 9, TNF-α, CXCL8, and IL-10 was measured by using ELISA. RESULTS The 2 least dense fractions were more than 90% apoptotic/necrotic, with the remaining fractions greater than 70% viable. Macrophages from nonsmokers and smokers were CD163(+), CD206(+), CD14(+), and CD40(-), whereas macrophages from patients with COPD were less defined, showing significantly lower expression of all receptors. There were no differences in receptor expression associated with density. Macrophages from patients with COPD of a density of 1.036 to 1.048 g/mL released higher levels of active matrix metalloproteinase 9 compared with cells from nonsmokers, with no difference between the remaining fractions. This population of macrophages from patients with COPD was less responsive to budesonide compared with those from nonsmokers and smokers when stimulated with LPS. Glucocorticosteroid insensitivity was selective for proinflammatory cytokines because budesonide inhibition of LPS-stimulated IL-10 release was similar for all macrophages. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies a specific macrophage phenotype in the lungs of patients with COPD who are glucocorticosteroid insensitive with a density of 1.036 to 1.048 g/mL but do not correspond to the current concept of macrophage phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirandeep K Chana
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S Fenwick
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G Nicholson
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Histopathology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Kannan A, Krishnan A, Ali M, Subramaniam S, Halagowder D, Sivasithamparam ND. Caveolin-1 promotes gastric cancer progression by up-regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition by crosstalk of signalling mechanisms under hypoxic condition. Eur J Cancer. 2014;50:204-215. [PMID: 24070739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second most fatal common form of cancer. The crosstalk among signalling pathways that results in the acceleration of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role in the molecular mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis. To understand the role of caveolin-1 (Cav-1), the expression pattern was studied in human gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and also in AGS and KATO III cell lines. Here, we show that during hypoxic condition, the increase in the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) results in a significant decrease in the expression of caveolin-1 which is regulated by heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). The reduced levels of Cav-1 correlated with the increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation resulting in the significant activation of its downstream target STAT3. Accumulation of pSTAT3 in the nucleus results in the decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased expression of mesenchymal markers (Slug, α-SMA, N-cadherin and vimentin). Crosstalk of EGFR and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signalling with Wnt signalling enhances cell proliferation, cell survival and upregulates EMT. There was no significant alteration in the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal molecules in both the cell lines studied. Thus, we provide evidence that Cav-1 was modulated by HSP90 and functions as a crucial regulator of EMT in gastric cancer.
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Frahm KA, Nash CP, Tobet SA. Endocan immunoreactivity in the mouse brain: method for identifying nonfunctional blood vessels. J Immunol Methods 2013; 398-399:27-32. [PMID: 24055127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Endocan is a secreted proteoglycan that has been shown to indicate angiogenic activity: remodeling in several tumor types in humans and mice. Serum endocan levels also indicate prognosis and has been proposed as a biomarker for certain cancers. Recently, monoclonal antibodies directed against mouse endocan have been developed allowing for further characterization of endocan function and potentially as a marker for angiogenesis through immunoreactivity in endothelial tip cells. The results of the current study show that endocan immunoreactivity in the mouse brain is present in blood vascular networks including but not limited to the cortex, hippocampus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in C57BL/6J and FVB/N mice. Endocan immunoreactivity did not vary during postnatal development or by sex. Interestingly, after vascular perfusion with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), endothelial cells positive for FITC were immunonegative for endocan suggesting FITC interference with the immunohistochemistry. A small number of FITC-negative blood vessels were endocan immunoreactive suggesting the identification of new blood vessels that are not yet functional. The current study shows that endocan is normally present in the mouse brain and prior vascular perfusion with FITC may provide a useful tool for identify newly forming blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystle A Frahm
- Program in Cell & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Hardyman MA, Wilkinson E, Martin E, Jayasekera NP, Blume C, Swindle EJ, Gozzard N, Holgate ST, Howarth PH, Davies DE, Collins JE. TNF-α-mediated bronchial barrier disruption and regulation by src-family kinase activation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:665-675.e8. [PMID: 23632299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because TNF-α is increased in severe asthma, we hypothesized that TNF-α contributes to barrier dysfunction and cell activation in bronchial epithelial cells. We further hypothesized that src-family kinase inhibition would improve barrier function in healthy cells in the presence of TNF-α and directly in cultures of severe asthmatic cells where the barrier is disrupted. OBJECTIVES We assessed the effect of TNF-α, with or without src-family kinase inhibitor SU6656, on barrier properties and cytokine release in differentiated human bronchial epithelial cultures. Further, we tested the effect of SU6656 on differentiated primary cultures from severe asthma. METHODS Barrier properties of differentiated human bronchial epithelial air-liquid interface cultures from healthy subjects and subjects with severe asthma were assessed with transepithelial electrical resistance and fluorescent dextran passage. Proteins were detected by immunostaining or Western blot analysis and cytokines by immunoassay. Mechanisms were investigated with src kinase and other inhibitors. RESULTS TNF-α lowered transepithelial electrical resistance and increased fluorescent dextran permeability, caused loss of occludin and claudins from tight junctions with redistribution of p120 catenin and E-cadherin from adherens junctions, and also increased endogenous TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, thymic stromal lymphoprotein, and pro-matrix metalloprotease 9 release. SU6656 reduced TNF-α-mediated paracellular permeability changes, restored occludin, p120, and E-cadherin and lowered autocrine TNF-α release. Importantly, SU6656 improved the barrier properties of severe asthmatic air-liquid interface cultures. Redistribution of E-cadherin and p120 was observed in bronchial biopsies from severe asthmatic airways. CONCLUSIONS Inhibiting TNF-α or src kinases may be a therapeutic option to normalize barrier integrity and cytokine release in airway diseases associated with barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Hardyman
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Wilkinson
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Martin
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nivenka P Jayasekera
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelia Blume
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Emily J Swindle
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephen T Holgate
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H Howarth
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Donna E Davies
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jane E Collins
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Lluis A, Depner M, Gaugler B, Saas P, Casaca VI, Raedler D, Michel S, Tost J, Liu J, Genuneit J, Pfefferle P, Roponen M, Weber J, Braun-Fahrländer C, Riedler J, Lauener R, Vuitton DA, Dalphin JC, Pekkanen J, von Mutius E, Schaub B. Increased regulatory T-cell numbers are associated with farm milk exposure and lower atopic sensitization and asthma in childhood. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 133:551-9. [PMID: 23993223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND European cross-sectional studies have suggested that prenatal and postnatal farm exposure decreases the risk of allergic diseases in childhood. Underlying immunologic mechanisms are still not understood but might be modulated by immune-regulatory cells early in life, such as regulatory T (Treg) cells. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess whether Treg cells from 4.5-year-old children from the Protection against Allergy: Study in Rural Environments birth cohort study are critical in the atopy and asthma-protective effect of farm exposure and which specific exposures might be relevant. METHODS From 1133 children, 298 children were included in this study (149 farm and 149 reference children). Detailed questionnaires until 4 years of age assessed farming exposures over time. Treg cells were characterized as upper 20% CD4(+)CD25(+) forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3)(+) (intracellular) in PBMCs before and after stimulation (with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin or LPS), and FOXP3 demethylation was assessed. Atopic sensitization was defined by specific IgE measurements; asthma was defined by a doctor's diagnosis. RESULTS Treg cells were significantly increased in farm-exposed children after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin and LPS stimulation. Exposure to farm milk was defined as a relevant independent farm-related exposure supported by higher FOXP3 demethylation. Treg cell (upper 20% CD4(+)CD25(+), FOXP3(+) T cells) numbers were significantly negatively associated with doctor-diagnosed asthma (LPS stimulated: adjusted odds ratio, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.08-0.88) and perennial IgE (unstimulated: adjusted odds ratio, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.08-0.59). Protection against asthma by farm milk exposure was partially mediated by Treg cells. CONCLUSIONS Farm milk exposure was associated with increased Treg cell numbers on stimulation in 4.5-year-old children and might induce a regulatory phenotype early in life, potentially contributing to a protective effect for the development of childhood allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lluis
- LMU Munich, University Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Depner
- LMU Munich, University Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Beatrice Gaugler
- University Hospital of Besançon and Plateforme de Biomonitoring, CIC-BT506, EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM UMR1098, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- University Hospital of Besançon and Plateforme de Biomonitoring, CIC-BT506, EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM UMR1098, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | - Diana Raedler
- LMU Munich, University Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Michel
- University Children's Hospital Eastern Bavaria (KUNO), Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jorg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment (LEE), Centre National de Genotypage, CEA-Institut de Genomique, Evry, France
| | - Jing Liu
- LMU Munich, University Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany; Second Hospital of JI LIN University, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chang Chun, China
| | - Jon Genuneit
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Petra Pfefferle
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marjut Roponen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juliane Weber
- LMU Munich, University Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Roger Lauener
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Hochgebirgklinik Davos, Davos-Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Angèle Vuitton
- University Hospital of Besançon, Research Unit Health and Rural Environment, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Charles Dalphin
- University Hospital of Besançon, Research Unit Health and Rural Environment, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland; Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Bianca Schaub
- LMU Munich, University Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany.
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Du Q, Bian XL, Xu XL, Zhu B, Yu B, Zhai Q. Role of mitochondrial permeability transition in human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep-G2 cell death induced by rhein. Fitoterapia 2013; 91:68-73. [PMID: 23994628 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rhein, a compound found as a glucoside in the root of rhubarb, is currently a subject of interest for its antitumor properties. The apoptosis of tumor cell lines induced by rhein was observed, and the involvement of mitochondria was established; however, the role of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) remains unknown. Here we report that MPT plays an important role in the apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep-G2 cells induced by rhein. After adding rhein to the isolated hepatic mitochondria, swelling effects and the leakage of Ca(2+) were observed. These alterations were suppressed by cyclosporin A (CsA), an MPT inhibitor. Furthermore, in Hep-G2 cells, the decrease of ATP production, the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP), the release of cytochrome c (Cyto c), and the activation of caspase 3 were also observed. These toxic effects of rhein can also be attenuated by CsA as well. Moreover, TUNEL assay confirmed that in the presence of CsA, rhein-induced apoptosis was largely inhibited. These results suggest that MPT plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Hep-G2 cell injury induced by rhein, and imply that MPT may contribute to the anti-cancer activity of rhein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Luwan Branch of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacy, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Le Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qing Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Schuepbach-Mallepell S, Philippe V, Brüggen MC, Watanabe H, Roques S, Baldeschi C, Gaide O. Antagonistic effect of the inflammasome on thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression in the skin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:1348-57. [PMID: 23953709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immune sensors control key cytokines that regulate T-cell priming and T-cell fate. This is particularly evident in allergic reactions, which represent ideal systems to study the interplay of innate and adaptive immunity. In patients with contact dermatitis, inflammasome-mediated IL-1 activation is responsible for a TH1 immune response. Surprisingly, the IL-1 signaling pathway was also proposed to control the activation of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine implicated in development of the T(H)2 response in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma. OBJECTIVES We sought to assess the effect of the inflammasome on TSLP expression levels and the development of AD. METHODS We studied the effect of the inflammasome activator 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, and IL-1β on TSLP mRNA expression levels in mouse and human cell lines (in vitro assays), as well as in live mice and on human skin transplants. We also assessed the effect of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene on TSLP and the TH2 response in mice in which the inflammasome and IL-1 signaling pathways were blocked, either genetically or pharmacologically, in 2 models of AD. RESULTS We provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that inflammasome activation has an inhibitory role on TSLP mRNA expression and T(H)2 cell fate in the skin. We also show that solvents influence the activation of TSLP and IL-1β and direct the T-cell fate to a given hapten. CONCLUSION Our observations strongly suggest that the TH1 versus TH2 cell fate decision is regulated at multiple levels and starts with innate immune events occurring within peripheral epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Schuepbach-Mallepell
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology/Immunology, Geneva University Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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Oka T, Rios EJ, Tsai M, Kalesnikoff J, Galli SJ. Rapid desensitization induces internalization of antigen-specific IgE on mouse mast cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:922-32.e1-16. [PMID: 23810240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid desensitization transiently prevents severe allergic reactions, allowing administration of life-saving therapies in previously sensitized patients. However, the mechanisms underlying successful rapid desensitization are not fully understood. OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate whether the mast cell (MC) is an important target of rapid desensitization in mice sensitized to exhibit IgE-dependent passive systemic anaphylaxis in vivo and to investigate the antigen specificity and underlying mechanisms of rapid desensitization in our mouse model. METHODS C57BL/6 mice (in vivo) or primary isolated C57BL/6 mouse peritoneal mast cells (PMCs; in vitro) were passively sensitized with antigen-specific anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl IgE, anti-ovalbumin IgE, or both. MCs were exposed over a short period of time to increasing amounts of antigen (2,4-dinitrophenyl-human serum albumin or ovalbumin) in the presence of extracellular calcium in vitro or by means of intravenous administration to sensitized mice in vivo before challenging the mice with or exposing the PMCs to optimal amounts of specific or irrelevant antigen. RESULTS Rapidly exposing mice or PMCs to progressively increasing amounts of specific antigen inhibited the development of antigen-induced hypothermia in sensitized mice in vivo and inhibited antigen-induced PMC degranulation and prostaglandin D2 synthesis in vitro. Such MC hyporesponsiveness was induced antigen-specifically and was associated with a significant reduction in antigen-specific IgE levels on MC surfaces. CONCLUSIONS Rapidly exposing MCs to progressively increasing amounts of antigen can both enhance the internalization of antigen-specific IgE on the MC surface and also desensitize these cells in an antigen-specific manner in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Oka
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
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Xu M, Zhao M, Yang R, Zhang Z, Li Y, Wang J. Effect of dietary nucleotides on immune function in Balb/C mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:50-6. [PMID: 23669334 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of dietary nucleotides (NTs) on immune function in female Balb/C mice, which randomly distributed into six groups: one control group, one NF-free (NF) control group and four NT groups. NTs ranged from 0.0025% to 0.64%. Compared with the control group, the NF could significantly weaken the activity of T lymphocytes and macrophages, as well as decreased the activity of B lymphocytes and NK cell. NF significantly decreased the ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+), whereas, it increased Tr percentage. In comparison with the NF group, the concentration of serum IL-2 and IL-4 showed an increase trend. Meanwhile, the granular cell macrophages colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) increased significantly in the 0.04% NT group. The ratio of Th1/Th2 also showed an increasing trend after the supplements of NTs. There were no significant differences between the control and 0.04% NT group. Nevertheless, no significant differences in weight gain and lymphoid organ indices were observed in our study. These results indicate that NT supplements can prevent hypoimmunity which result from NF diet. 0.04% NTs is the healthy optimal supply proportion in mice diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
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Gabriele L, Schiavoni G, Mattei F, Sanchez M, Sestili P, Butteroni C, Businaro R, Mirchandani A, Niedbala W, Liew FY, Afferni C. Novel allergic asthma model demonstrates ST2-dependent dendritic cell targeting by cypress pollen. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:686-695.e7. [PMID: 23608732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cypress pollen causes respiratory syndromes with different grades of severity, including asthma. IL-33, its receptor ST2, and dendritic cells (DCs) have been implicated in human respiratory allergy. OBJECTIVE We sought to define a new mouse model of allergy to cypress pollen that recapitulates clinical parameters in allergic patients and to evaluate the implications of DCs and the IL-33/ST2 pathway in this pathology. METHODS BALB/c mice, either wild-type or ST2 deficient (ST2(-/-)), were sensitized and challenged with the Cupressus arizonica major allergen nCup a 1. Local and systemic allergic responses were evaluated. Pulmonary cells were characterized by means of flow cytometry. DCs were stimulated with nCup a 1 and tested for their biological response to IL-33 in coculture assays. RESULTS nCup a 1 causes a respiratory syndrome closely resembling human pollinosis in BALB/c mice. nCup a 1-treated mice exhibit the hallmarks of allergic pathology associated with pulmonary infiltration of eosinophils, T cells, and DCs and a dominant TH2-type immune response. IL-33 levels were increased in lungs and sera of nCup a 1-treated mice and in subjects with cypress allergy. The allergen-specific reaction was markedly reduced in ST2(-/-) mice, which showed fewer infiltrating eosinophils, T cells, and DCs in the lungs. Finally, stimulation of DCs with nCup a 1 resulted in ST2 upregulation that endowed DCs with increased ability to respond to IL-33-mediated differentiation of IL-5- and IL-13-producing CD4 T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings define a novel preclinical model of allergy to cypress pollen and provide the first evidence of a functionally relevant linkage between pollen allergens and TH2-polarizing activity by DCs through IL-33/ST2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gabriele
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Sanchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Sestili
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Butteroni
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Businaro
- Department of Human Anatomy, University "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Ananda Mirchandani
- Institute of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Wanda Niedbala
- Institute of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Foo Y Liew
- Institute of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; CEGMR, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudia Afferni
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Zhu D, Pan C, Li L, Bian Z, Lv Z, Shi L, Zhang J, Li D, Gu H, Zhang CY, Liu Y, Zen K. MicroRNA-17/20a/106a modulate macrophage inflammatory responses through targeting signal-regulatory protein α. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:426-36.e8. [PMID: 23562609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal-regulatory protein α (SIRPα) is an essential signaling molecule that modulates leukocyte inflammatory responses. However, the regulation of selective SIRPα synthesis and its dynamic changes in leukocytes under inflammatory stimulation remain incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify the microRNAs (miRNAs) that posttranscriptionally regulate SIRPα synthesis and their roles in modulating macrophage inflammatory responses. METHODS SIRPα was induced in SIRPα-negative promyelocytic cells by retinoic acid or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and the differential expression of miRNAs was assessed by means of microarray and quantitative RT-PCR assays. The roles of identified miRNAs in controlling SIRPα synthesis in leukocytes and leukocyte inflammatory responses were determined. RESULTS We identified SIRPα as a common target gene of miR-17, miR-20a, and miR-106a. During SIRPα induction, levels of these 3 miRNAs were all reduced, and their downregulation by retinoic acid or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate occurred through suppression of the c-Myc signaling pathway. All miR-17, miR-20a, and miR-106a specifically bound to the same seed sequence within the SIRPα 3' untranslated region and correlated inversely with SIRPα protein levels in various cells. In macrophages upregulation of miR-17, miR-20a, and miR-106a by LPS served as the mechanism underlying LPS-induced SIRPα reduction and macrophage activation. Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrate that miR-17, miR-20a, and miR-106a regulate macrophage infiltration, phagocytosis, and proinflammatory cytokine secretion through targeting SIRPα. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate for the first time that miR-17, miR-20a, and miR-106a regulate SIRPα synthesis and SIRPα-mediated macrophage inflammatory responses in a redundant fashion, providing a novel pathway in which a panel of miRNAs can modulate immune polarization through regulation of macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dihan Zhu
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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