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Omidifar N, Masoumzadeh R, Saghi SA, Nikmanesh A, Shokripour M, Mousavi SM, Nikmanesh Y, Gholami A. A New Approach in the Early Electrochemical Diagnosis of Hepatitis B Virus Infection using Carbon-based Nanomaterials. Recent Pat Nanotechnol 2024; 18:NANOTEC-EPUB-139342. [PMID: 38523523 DOI: 10.2174/0118722105285022240311062943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The importance of early diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection to treat and follow up this disease has led to many advances in diagnostic techniques and materials. Conventional diagnostic tests are not very useful, especially in the early stages of infection; it is therefore suggested that nanomaterials can enhance them by changing and strengthening their performance for a more accurate and rapid diagnosis. Electrochemical immunosensors with unique features such as miniaturization, low cost, specificity, and simplicity have become a convenient and vital tool in the rapid diagnosis of hepatitis B. Different strategies have been presented, such as graphene oxide and gold nanorods [GO-GNRs], graphene oxide [GO], copper metal-organic framework/ electrochemically reduced graphene oxide [Cu-MOF/ErGO] composite, label-free graphene oxide/Fe3O4/Prussian Blue [GO/Fe3O4/PB] immunosensor, and graphene oxide-ferrocene-CS/Au [ GO-Fc-CS/Au] nanoparticle layered electrochemical immunosensor. In this review, we discuss a group of the most widely used nanostructures, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, which are used to develop electrochemical immunosensors for the early diagnosis of the hepatitis B virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Omidifar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Masoumzadeh
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Nikmanesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Shokripour
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Yousef Nikmanesh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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2
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Xu R, Wang Z, Yang Y, Gu C, Luan C, Wang S, Chen X, Yu K. Formation and Transformation of CdS Clusters during the Prenucleation Stage and in a Dilute Dispersion at Room Temperature. Nano Lett 2024; 24:1294-1302. [PMID: 38230964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The formation and transformation of colloidal semiconductor clusters remain poorly understood. With CdS as a model system, we show that, in the reaction of cadmium myristate (Cd(MA)2) and S powder in 1-octadecene (ODE), clusters form in the prenucleation stage of quantum dots (QDs). Called precursor compounds (PCs), the clusters can transform to magic-size clusters (MSCs) in reaction at a relatively high temperature (MSC-322 displaying optical absorption peaking at 322 nm) or in a dispersion at room temperature (MSC-360). When the reaction temperature is increased, PC-360 forms at 140 °C, while PC-322 and MSC-322 form at 180 °C. In a dispersion of cyclohexane and octylamine, MSC-322 transforms to MSC-360 via MSC-345. The MSC-345 to MSC-360 transformation displays continuous and discontinuous shifts in the optical absorption. The PCs and MSCs are a group of isomers. The present findings bring insight into the cluster formation and isomerization in the prenucleation stage of QDs and in a dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkuan Xu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yusha Yang
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Gu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Luan
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shanling Wang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
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3
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Yamauchi M, Nakatsukasa K, Kubo N, Yamada H, Masuo S. One-Dimensionally Arranged Quantum-Dot Superstructures Guided by a Supramolecular Polymer Template. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314329. [PMID: 37985221 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) exhibit important photophysical properties, such as long-range energy diffusion, miniband formation, and collective photoluminescence, when aggregated into well-defined superstructures, such as three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) superlattices. However, the construction of one-dimensional (1D) QD superstructures, which have a simpler arrangement, is challenging; therefore, the photophysical properties of 1D-arranged QDs have not been studied previously. Herein, we report a versatile strategy to obtain 1D-arranged QDs using a supramolecular polymer (SP) template. The SP is composed of self-assembling cholesterol derivatives containing two amide groups for hydrogen bonding and a carboxyl group as an adhesion moiety on the QDs. Upon mixing the SP and dispersed QDs in low-polarity solvents, the QDs self-adhered to the SP and self-arranged into 1D superstructures through van der Waals interactions between the surface organic ligands of the QDs, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, we revealed efficient photoinduced fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the 1D-arranged QDs by an in-depth analysis of the emission spectra and decay curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Yamauchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kanako Nakatsukasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen, Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Naoki Kubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen, Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Masuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen, Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
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4
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Meyer M, Déprez C, Meijer IN, Unseld FK, Karwal S, Sammak A, Scappucci G, Vandersypen LMK, Veldhorst M. Single-Electron Occupation in Quantum Dot Arrays at Selectable Plunger Gate Voltage. Nano Lett 2023; 23:11593-11600. [PMID: 38091376 PMCID: PMC10755753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The small footprint of semiconductor qubits is favorable for scalable quantum computing. However, their size also makes them sensitive to their local environment and variations in the gate structure. Currently, each device requires tailored gate voltages to confine a single charge per quantum dot, clearly challenging scalability. Here, we tune these gate voltages and equalize them solely through the temporary application of stress voltages. In a double quantum dot, we reach a stable (1,1) charge state at identical and predetermined plunger gate voltage and for various interdot couplings. Applying our findings, we tune a 2 × 2 quadruple quantum dot such that the (1,1,1,1) charge state is reached when all plunger gates are set to 1 V. The ability to define required gate voltages may relax requirements on control electronics and operations for spin qubit devices, providing means to advance quantum hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Meyer
- QuTech
and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft
University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Corentin Déprez
- QuTech
and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft
University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Ilja N. Meijer
- QuTech
and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft
University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Florian K. Unseld
- QuTech
and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft
University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Saurabh Karwal
- QuTech
and Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), PO Box 155, 2600 AD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Amir Sammak
- QuTech
and Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), PO Box 155, 2600 AD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Giordano Scappucci
- QuTech
and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft
University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Lieven M. K. Vandersypen
- QuTech
and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft
University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Menno Veldhorst
- QuTech
and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft
University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The
Netherlands
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5
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Wang T, Wang Z, Wang S, Chen X, Luan C, Yu K. Thermally-Induced Isomerization of Prenucleation Clusters During the Prenucleation Stage of CdTe Quantum Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310234. [PMID: 37581340 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of prenucleation clusters in the prenucleation stage of colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) has remained unexplored. With CdTe as a model system, we show that substances form and isomerize prior to the nucleation and growth of QDs. Called precursor compounds (PCs), the prenucleation clusters are relatively optically transparent and can transform to absorbing magic-size clusters (MSCs). When a prenucleation-stage sample at 25, 45, or 80 °C is dispersed in a mixture of cyclohexane (CH) and octylamine (OTA) at room temperature, either MSC-371, MSC-417, or MSC-448 evolves with absorption peaking at 371, 417, or 448 nm, respectively. We propose that PC-371 forms at 25 °C, and isomerizes to PC-417 at 45 °C and to PC-448 at 80 °C. The PCs and MSCs are quasi isomers. Relatively large and small amounts of OTA favor PC-371 and PC-448 in dispersion, respectively. The present findings suggest the existence of PC-to-PC isomerization in the QD prenucleation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghui Wang
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Shanling Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Luan
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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6
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Zhang X, Huang H, Jin L, Wen C, Zhao Q, Zhao C, Guo J, Cheng C, Wang H, Zhang L, Li Y, Maung Maung Y, Yuan J, Ma W. Ligand-Assisted Coupling Manipulation for Efficient and Stable FAPbI 3 Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214241. [PMID: 36357341 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
For emerging perovskite quantum dots (QDs), understanding the surface features and their impact on the materials and devices is becoming increasingly urgent. In this family, hybrid FAPbI3 QDs (FA: formamidium) exhibit higher ambient stability, near-infrared absorption and sufficient carrier lifetime. However, hybrid QDs suffer from difficulty in modulating surface ligand, which is essential for constructing conductive QD arrays for photovoltaics. Herein, assisted by an ionic liquid formamidine thiocyanate, we report a facile surface reconfiguration methodology to modulate surface and manipulate electronic coupling of FAPbI3 QDs, which is exploited to enhance charge transport for fabricating high-quality QD arrays and photovoltaic devices. Finally, a record-high efficiency approaching 15 % is achieved for FAPbI3 QD solar cells, and they retain over 80 % of the initial efficiency after aging in ambient environment (20-30 % humidity, 25 °C) for over 600 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hehe Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lujie Jin
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Chenyu Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Junjun Guo
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hongshuai Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yin Maung Maung
- Department of Physics, University of Yangon, Pyay Road, Yangon, 11181, Myanmar
| | - Jianyu Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wanli Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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7
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Min J, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Xu D, Garoufalis CS, Zeng Z, Shen H, Baskoutas S, Jia Y, Du Z. Size Engineering of Trap Effects in Oxidized and Hydroxylated ZnSe Quantum Dots. Nano Lett 2022; 22:3604-3611. [PMID: 35499490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally friendly blue-emitting ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) are in high demand for next-generation light-emitting devices. Yet, they suffer longstanding optical instability issues under aerobic conditions. Herein, we have demonstrated the existence of oxidization or hydroxylation on the QD surface when QDs are subjected to oxygen exposure, which potentially introduces highly localized in-gap states. Those states result in a dense number of surface-related, weak-intensity "dark" exciton states at the emission edge. Remarkably, there exists a critical diameter (Dc ≈ 8.5 nm) at which the deepest trap level reaches resonance with the highest occupied molecular orbital state. Beyond this critical diameter, the effects of those trap states are minimized, and the emission edge is dominated by high-intensity, bulk-to-bulk-like "bright" exciton states. The present work provides a novel strategy for designing highly stable QD emitters via size engineering, which are broadly applicable to other closely related QD systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Min
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dangdang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Zaiping Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaibin Shen
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, People's Republic of China
| | - Sotirios Baskoutas
- Materials Science Department, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Yu Jia
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, People's Republic of China
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan, and School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuliang Du
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, People's Republic of China
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8
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Devidas TR, Keren I, Steinberg H. Spectroscopy of NbSe 2 Using Energy-Tunable Defect-Embedded Quantum Dots. Nano Lett 2021; 21:6931-6937. [PMID: 34351777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots have sharply defined energy levels, which can be used for high resolution energy spectroscopy when integrated in tunneling circuitry. Here we report dot-assisted spectroscopy measurements of the superconductor NbSe2, using a van der Waals device consisting of a vertical stack of graphene-MoS2-NbSe2. The MoS2 tunnel barriers host naturally occurring defects which function as quantum dots, allowing transport via resonant tunneling. The dot energies are tuned by an electric field exerted by a back-gate, which penetrates the graphene source electrode. Scanning the dot potential across the superconductor Fermi energy, we reproduce the NbSe2 density of states which exhibits a well-resolved two-gap spectrum. Surprisingly, we find that the dot-assisted current is dominated by the lower energy feature of the two NbSe2 gaps, possibly due to a selection rule which favors coupling between the dots and the orbitals which exhibit this gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Devidas
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Itai Keren
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Hadar Steinberg
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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9
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Riccardi E, Massabeau S, Valmorra F, Messelot S, Rosticher M, Tignon J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Delbecq M, Dhillon S, Ferreira R, Balibar S, Kontos T, Mangeney J. Ultrasensitive Photoresponse of Graphene Quantum Dots in the Coulomb Blockade Regime to THz Radiation. Nano Lett 2020; 20:5408-5414. [PMID: 32470310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have recently attracted considerable attention, with appealing properties for terahertz (THz) technology. This includes the demonstration of large thermal bolometric effects in GQDs when illuminated by THz radiation. However, the interaction of THz photons with GQDs in the Coulomb blockade regime, i.e., single electron transport regime, remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the ultrasensitive photoresponse to THz radiation (from <0.1 to 10 THz) of a hBN-encapsulated GQD in the Coulomb blockade regime at low temperature (170 mK). We show that THz radiation of ∼10 pW provides a photocurrent response in the nanoampere range, resulting from a renormalization of the chemical potential of the GQD of ∼0.15 meV. We attribute this photoresponse to an interfacial photogating effect. Furthermore, our analysis reveals the absence of thermal effects, opening new directions in the study of coherent quantum effects at THz frequencies in GQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Riccardi
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Massabeau
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Federico Valmorra
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Simon Messelot
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Michael Rosticher
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Tignon
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Matthieu Delbecq
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sukhdeep Dhillon
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Robson Ferreira
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Balibar
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Takis Kontos
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Juliette Mangeney
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
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10
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Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the effect of temperature on photoluminescence of quantum dots immobilized on the surface of an optical fiber in a rat brain slice. The optical fiber was silanized with 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS), following which quantum dots with carboxyl functional group were immobilized on the optical fiber via amide bond formation. The effect of temperature on the fluorescence intensity of the quantum dots in rat brain slices was studied. This report shows that the fluorescence intensity of quantum dots increases with the increase of temperature of the brain slice. The fluorescence enhancement phenomenon appears to take place via electron transfer related to pH increase. With the gradual increase of temperature, the fluorescence intensity of quantum dots in solution decreased, while that in the brain slice increased. This enhanced thermal performance of QDs in brain slice makes suggestion for the study of QDs-based brain temperature sensors.
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Chen Z, Li H, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yu H, Li W, Xu Z, Wang Y, Tai R. Surface States in Ternary CdSSe Quantum Dot Solar Cells. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2017; 17:1373-1380. [PMID: 29683634 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2017.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ternary CdSSe quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) have demonstrated advantages such as wide absorption ranges and tunable band structures. However, the oxygen additives absorbed on such multicomponent quantum dot (QD) surfaces induce band bending at the TiO₂/CdSSe interface and prevent charge transport in QDSCs, as determined via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and synchrotron-based X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) analysis. Annealing of TiO₂/CdSSe QDs photoanodes was conducted at different temperatures under Ar atmospheres to eliminate oxygen additives and interfacial band bending. The short-circuit current (J(sc))of the annealed ternary CdSSe QDSCs is obviously improved, whereas the TiCl4 treatment and MgO coating of the TiO₂ nanocrystals are assisted by the annealing to compensate for the loss of opencircuit voltage (V(oc)) and fill factor (FF). Ternary CdSSe QDSCs with efficiencies of 4.72% have been achieved using the optimized annealing conditions.
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Peynshaert K, Soenen SJ, Manshian BB, Doak SH, Braeckmans K, De Smedt SC, Remaut K. Coating of Quantum Dots strongly defines their effect on lysosomal health and autophagy. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:195-205. [PMID: 27765679 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade the interest in autophagy got an incredible boost and the phenomenon quickly turned into an extensive research field. Interestingly, dysfunction of this cytoplasmic clearance system has been proposed to lie at the root of multiple diseases including cancer. We therefore consider it crucial from a toxicological point of view to investigate if nanomaterials that are developed for biomedical applications interfere with this cellular process. Here, we study the highly promising 'gradient alloyed' Quantum Dots (QDs) that differ from conventional ones by their gradient core composition which allows for better fluorescent properties. We carefully examined the toxicity of two identical gradient alloyed QDs, differing only in their surface coatings, namely 3-mercaptopropionic (MPA) acid and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Next to more conventional toxicological endpoints like cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, we examined the influence of these QDs on the autophagy pathway. Our study shows that the cellular effects induced by QDs on HeLa cells were strongly dictated by the surface coat of the otherwise identical particles. MPA-coated QDs proved to be highly biocompatible as a result of lysosomal activation and ROS reduction, two cellular responses that help the cell to cope with nanomaterial-induced stress. In contrast, PEGylated QDs were significantly more toxic due to increased ROS production and lysosomal impairment. This impairment next results in autophagy dysfunction which likely adds to their toxic effects. Taken together, our study shows that coating QDs with MPA is a better strategy than PEGylation for long term cell tracking with minimal cytotoxicity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Gradient alloyed Quantum Dots (GA-QDs) are highly promising nanomaterials for biomedical imaging seeing they exhibit supremely fluorescent properties over conventional QDs. The translation of these novel QDs to the clinic requires a detailed toxicological examination, though the data on this is very limited. We therefore applied a systematic approach to examine the toxicity of GA-QDs coated with two commonly applied surface ligands, this while focusing on the autophagy pathway. The impact of QDs on this pathway is of importance since it has been connected with various diseases, including cancer. Our data accentuates that the coating defines the impact on autophagy and therefore the toxicity induced by QDs on cells: while MPA coated QDs were highly biocompatible, PEGylated QDs were toxic.
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Di Nardo F, Anfossi L, Giovannoli C, Passini C, Goftman VV, Goryacheva IY, Baggiani C. A fluorescent immunochromatographic strip test using Quantum Dots for fumonisins detection. Talanta 2015; 150:463-8. [PMID: 26838431 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent immunochromatographic strip test (ICST) based on the use of Quantum Dots (QD) was developed and applied to detect fumonisins in maize samples. A limit of detection for fumonisin B1 of 2.8 µg L(-1) was achieved, with an analytical working range of 3-350 µg L(-1), corresponding to 30-3500 µg kg(-1) in maize flour samples, according with the extraction procedure. The time required to perform the analysis was 22 min, including sample preparation. Recovery values in the range from 91.4% to 105.4% with coefficients of variation not exceeding 5% were obtained for fortified and naturally contaminated maize flour samples. To evaluate the possible improvements due to the use of QD for ICST technology, we performed a direct comparison of the proposed QD-ICST to a gold nanoparticles- and a chemiluminescent-ICST previously developed for fumonisins detection, in which the same immunoreagents were employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria, 5, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - L Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria, 5, I-10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - C Giovannoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria, 5, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - C Passini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria, 5, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - V V Goftman
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - I Y Goryacheva
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - C Baggiani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria, 5, I-10125 Turin, Italy
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Abstract
The Shockley-Queisser analysis provides a theoretical limit for the maximum energy conversion efficiency of single junction photovoltaic cells. But besides the semiconductor bandgap no other semiconductor properties are considered in the analysis. Here, we show that the maximum conversion efficiency is limited further by the excited state entropy of the semiconductors. The entropy loss can be estimated with the modified Sackur-Tetrode equation as a function of the curvature of the bands, the degeneracy of states near the band edges, the illumination intensity, the temperature, and the band gap. The application of the second law of thermodynamics to semiconductors provides a simple explanation for the observed high performance of group IV, III-V, and II-VI materials with strong covalent bonding and for the lower efficiency of transition metal oxides containing weakly interacting metal d orbitals. The model also predicts efficient energy conversion with quantum confined and molecular structures in the presence of a light harvesting mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank E Osterloh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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15
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Wong BS, Yoong SL, Jagusiak A, Panczyk T, Ho HK, Ang WH, Pastorin G. Carbon nanotubes for delivery of small molecule drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1964-2015. [PMID: 23954402 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the realm of drug delivery, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained tremendous attention as promising nanocarriers, owing to their distinct characteristics, such as high surface area, enhanced cellular uptake and the possibility to be easily conjugated with many therapeutics, including both small molecules and biologics, displaying superior efficacy, enhanced specificity and diminished side effects. While most CNT-based drug delivery system (DDS) had been engineered to combat cancers, there are also emerging reports that employ CNTs as either the main carrier or adjunct material for the delivery of various non-anticancer drugs. In this review, the delivery of small molecule drugs is expounded, with special attention paid to the current progress of in vitro and in vivo research involving CNT-based DDSs, before finally concluding with some consideration on inevitable complications that hamper successful disease intervention with CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sheng Wong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, S4 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Abstract
Since its emergence, semiconductor nanoparticles known as quantum dots (QDs) have drawn considerable attention and have quickly extended their applicability to numerous fields within the life sciences. This is largely due to their unique optical properties such as high brightness and narrow emission band as well as other advantages over traditional organic fluorophores. New molecular sensing strategies based on QDs have been developed in pursuit of high sensitivity, high throughput, and multiplexing capabilities. For traditional biological applications, QDs have already begun to replace traditional organic fluorophores to serve as simple fluorescent reporters in immunoassays, microarrays, fluorescent imaging applications, and other assay platforms. In addition, smarter, more advanced QD probes such as quantum dot fluorescence resonance energy transfer (QD-FRET) sensors, quenching sensors, and barcoding systems are paving the way for highly-sensitive genetic and epigenetic detection of diseases, multiplexed identification of infectious pathogens, and tracking of intracellular drug and gene delivery. When combined with microfluidics and confocal fluorescence spectroscopy, the detection limit is further enhanced to single molecule level. Recently, investigations have revealed that QDs participate in series of new phenomena and exhibit interesting non-photoluminescent properties. Some of these new findings are now being incorporated into novel assays for gene copy number variation (CNV) studies and DNA methylation analysis with improved quantification resolution. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the latest developments of QD based molecular diagnostic platforms in which QD plays a versatile and essential role.
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Wells NP, Lessard GA, Phipps ME, Goodwin PM, Lidke DS, Wilson BS, Werner JH. Going beyond 2D: Following membrane diffusion and topography in the IgE-Fc[Epsilon]RI system using 3-dimensional tracking microscopy. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2009; 7185:71850Z. [PMID: 25520545 DOI: 10.1117/12.809412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability to follow and observe single molecules as they function in live cells represents a major milestone for molecular-cellular biology. Here we present a tracking microscope that is able to track quantum dots in three dimensions and simultaneously record time-resolved emission statistics from a single dot. This innovative microscopy approach is based on four spatial filters and closed loop feedback to constantly keep a single quantum dot in the focal spot. Using this microscope, we demonstrate the ability to follow quantum dot labeled IgE antibodies bound to FcεRI membrane receptors in live RBL-2H3 cells. The results are consistent with prior studies of two dimensional membrane diffusion (Andrews et al., Nat. Cell Biol., 10, 955, 2008). In addition, the microscope captures motion in the axial (Z) direction, which permits tracking of diffusing receptors relative to the "hills and valleys" of the dynamically changing membrane landscape. This approach is uniquely capable of following single molecule dynamics on live cells with three dimensional spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Wells
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (MPA-CINT), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 USA
| | | | - Mary E Phipps
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (MPA-CINT), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Peter M Goodwin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (MPA-CINT), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Diane S Lidke
- University of New Mexico, Department of Pathology and Cancer Research and Treatment Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87175 USA
| | - Bridget S Wilson
- University of New Mexico, Department of Pathology and Cancer Research and Treatment Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87175 USA
| | - James H Werner
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (MPA-CINT), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 USA
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