1
|
Guru A, Saravanan S, Sharma D, Narasimha M. The microtubule end-binding proteins EB1 and Patronin modulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of myosin and pattern pulsed apical constriction. Development 2022; 149:284823. [PMID: 36440630 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Apical constriction powers amnioserosa contraction during Drosophila dorsal closure. The nucleation, movement and dispersal of apicomedial actomyosin complexes generates pulsed apical constrictions during early closure. Persistent apicomedial and circumapical actomyosin complexes drive unpulsed constrictions that follow. Here, we show that the microtubule end-binding proteins EB1 and Patronin pattern constriction dynamics and contraction kinetics by coordinating the balance of actomyosin forces in the apical plane. We find that microtubule growth from moving Patronin platforms governs the spatiotemporal dynamics of apicomedial myosin through the regulation of RhoGTPase signaling by transient EB1-RhoGEF2 interactions. We uncover the dynamic reorganization of a subset of short non-centrosomally nucleated apical microtubules that surround the coalescing apicomedial myosin complex, trail behind it as it moves and disperse as the complex dissolves. We demonstrate that apical microtubule reorganization is sensitive to Patronin levels. Microtubule depolymerization compromised apical myosin enrichment and altered constriction dynamics. Together, our findings uncover the importance of reorganization of an intact apical microtubule meshwork, by moving Patronin platforms and growing microtubule ends, in enabling the spatiotemporal modulation of actomyosin contractility and, through it, apical constriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Guru
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Surat Saravanan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Deepanshu Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Maithreyi Narasimha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yoo B, Kim HY, Chen X, Shen W, Jang JS, Stein SN, Cormier O, Pereira L, Shih CRY, Krieger C, Reed B, Harden N, Wang SJH. 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) signaling regulates amnioserosa morphogenesis during Drosophila dorsal closure: EcR modulates gene expression in a complex with the AP-1 subunit, Jun. Biol Open 2021; 10:271855. [PMID: 34296248 PMCID: PMC8411571 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones influence diverse biological processes throughout the animal life cycle, including metabolism, stress resistance, reproduction, and lifespan. In insects, the steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), is the central hormone regulator of molting and metamorphosis, and plays roles in tissue morphogenesis. For example, amnioserosa contraction, which is a major driving force in Drosophila dorsal closure (DC), is defective in embryos mutant for 20E biosynthesis. Here, we show that 20E signaling modulates the transcription of several DC participants in the amnioserosa and other dorsal tissues during late embryonic development, including zipper, which encodes for non-muscle myosin. Canonical ecdysone signaling typically involves the binding of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and Ultraspiracle heterodimers to ecdysone-response elements (EcREs) within the promoters of responsive genes to drive expression. During DC, however, we provide evidence that 20E signaling instead acts in parallel to the JNK cascade via a direct interaction between EcR and the AP-1 transcription factor subunit, Jun, which together binds to genomic regions containing AP-1 binding sites but no EcREs to control gene expression. Our work demonstrates a novel mode of action for 20E signaling in Drosophila that likely functions beyond DC, and may provide further insights into mammalian steroid hormone receptor interactions with AP-1. Summary: During Drosophila dorsal closure, 20E signaling acts non-canonically through an interaction between EcR and the AP-1 subunit, Jun, to control gene expression at regions containing AP-1 motifs but no EcREs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byoungjoo Yoo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hae-Yoon Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Weiping Shen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Ji Sun Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Shaianne N Stein
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Olga Cormier
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lionel Pereira
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Claire R Y Shih
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Charles Krieger
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Bruce Reed
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nicholas Harden
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Simon J H Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Haack T, Schneider M, Schwendele B, Renault AD. Drosophila heart cell movement to the midline occurs through both cell autonomous migration and dorsal closure. Dev Biol 2014; 396:169-82. [PMID: 25224224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila heart is a linear organ formed by the movement of bilaterally specified progenitor cells to the midline and adherence of contralateral heart cells. This movement occurs through the attachment of heart cells to the overlying ectoderm which is undergoing dorsal closure. Therefore heart cells are thought to move to the midline passively. Through live imaging experiments and analysis of mutants that affect the speed of dorsal closure we show that heart cells in Drosophila are autonomously migratory and part of their movement to the midline is independent of the ectoderm. This means that heart formation in flies is more similar to that in vertebrates than previously thought. We also show that defects in dorsal closure can result in failure of the amnioserosa to properly degenerate, which can physically hinder joining of contralateral heart cells leading to a broken heart phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timm Haack
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Spemannstr. 35, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Spemannstr. 35, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Schwendele
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Spemannstr. 35, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrew D Renault
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Spemannstr. 35, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hodar C, Zuñiga A, Pulgar R, Travisany D, Chacon C, Pino M, Maass A, Cambiazo V. Comparative gene expression analysis of Dtg, a novel target gene of Dpp signaling pathway in the early Drosophila melanogaster embryo. Gene 2013; 535:210-7. [PMID: 24321690 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the early Drosophila melanogaster embryo, Dpp, a secreted molecule that belongs to the TGF-β superfamily of growth factors, activates a set of downstream genes to subdivide the dorsal region into amnioserosa and dorsal epidermis. Here, we examined the expression pattern and transcriptional regulation of Dtg, a new target gene of Dpp signaling pathway that is required for proper amnioserosa differentiation. We showed that the expression of Dtg was controlled by Dpp and characterized a 524-bp enhancer that mediated expression in the dorsal midline, as well as, in the differentiated amnioserosa in transgenic reporter embryos. This enhancer contained a highly conserved region of 48-bp in which bioinformatic predictions and in vitro assays identified three Mad binding motifs. Mutational analysis revealed that these three motifs were necessary for proper expression of a reporter gene in transgenic embryos, suggesting that short and highly conserved genomic sequences may be indicative of functional regulatory regions in D. melanogaster genes. Dtg orthologs were not detected in basal lineages of Dipterans, which unlike D. melanogaster develop two extra-embryonic membranes, amnion and serosa, nevertheless Dtg orthologs were identified in the transcriptome of Musca domestica, in which dorsal ectoderm patterning leads to the formation of a single extra-embryonic membrane. These results suggest that Dtg was recruited as a new component of the network that controls dorsal ectoderm patterning in the lineage leading to higher Cyclorrhaphan flies, such as D. melanogaster and M. domestica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hodar
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago, Chile; Fondap Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Zuñiga
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago, Chile; Fondap Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Pulgar
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago, Chile; Fondap Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dante Travisany
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Matemática del Genoma, Center for Mathematical Modeling, FCFM-Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Fondap Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Chacon
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael Pino
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Maass
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Matemática del Genoma, Center for Mathematical Modeling, FCFM-Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Fondap Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Mathematical Engineering, FCFM-Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Cambiazo
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago, Chile; Fondap Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lynch HE, Crews SM, Rosenthal B, Kim E, Gish R, Echiverri K, Hutson MS. Cellular mechanics of germ band retraction in Drosophila. Dev Biol 2013; 384:205-13. [PMID: 24135149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Germ band retraction involves a dramatic rearrangement of the tissues on the surface of the Drosophila embryo. As germ band retraction commences, one tissue, the germ band, wraps around another, the amnioserosa. Through retraction the two tissues move cohesively as the highly elongated cells of the amnioserosa contract and the germ band moves so it is only on one side of the embryo. To understand the mechanical drivers of this process, we designed a series of laser ablations that suggest a mechanical role for the amnioserosa. First, we find that during mid retraction, segments in the curve of the germ band are under anisotropic tension. The largest tensions are in the direction in which the amnioserosa contracts. Second, ablating one lateral flank of the amnioserosa reduces the observed force anisotropy and leads to retraction failures. The other intact flank of amnioserosa is insufficient to drive retraction, but can support some germ band cell elongation and is thus not a full phenocopy of ush mutants. Another ablation-induced failure in retraction can phenocopy mys mutants, and does so by targeting amnioserosa cells in the same region where the mutant fails to adhere to the germ band. We conclude that the amnioserosa must play a key, but assistive, mechanical role that aids uncurling of the germ band.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Dorsal closure (DC) is an essential step during Drosophila development whereby a hole is sealed in the dorsal epidermis and serves as a model for cell sheet morphogenesis and wound healing. It involves the orchestrated interplay of transcriptional networks and dynamic regulation of cell machinery to bring about shape changes, mechanical forces, and emergent properties. Here we provide insight into the regulation of dorsal closure by describing novel autonomous and non-autonomous roles for U-shaped (Ush) in the amnioserosa, the epidermis, and in mediation of communication between the tissues. We identified Ush by gene expression microarray analysis of Dpp signaling targets and show that Ush mediates some DC functions of Dpp. By selectively restoring Ush function in either the AS or the epidermis in ush mutants, we show that the AS makes a greater (Ush-dependent) contribution to closure than the epidermis. A signal from the AS induces epidermal cell elongation and JNK activation in the DME, while cable formation requires Ush on both sides of the leading edge, i.e. in both the AS and epidermis. Our study demonstrates that the amnioserosa and epidermis communicate at several steps during the process: sometimes the epidermis instructs the amnioserosa, other times the AS instructs the epidermis, and still other times they appear to collaborate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Lada
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge , CB2 3EH, Cambridge , UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhuin T, Kumar Roy J. Rab11 is Required for Maintenance of Cell Shape Via βPS Integrin Mediated Cell Adhesion in Drosophila. Int J Mol Cell Med 2012; 1:185-90. [PMID: 24551776 PMCID: PMC3920512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, vesicle trafficking is regulated by the small monomeric GTPases of the Rab protein family. Rab11, (a subfamily of the Ypt/Rab gene family) an evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitously expressed subfamily of small monomeric Rab GTPases, has been implicated in regulating vesicular trafficking through the recycling of endosomal compartment. In an earlier communication, we have shown that Rab11 is required for cell adhesion, maintenance of cell shape and actin-cytoskeleton organization during Drosophila wing development. Here, we report that Rab11 is required for the maintenance of cell shape via βPS integrin mediated cell adhesion. Cuticle preparations of the embryos, when Rab11 is over-expressed or activity of Rab11 is reduced via a double-stranded RNAi line, show dorsal open phenotypes. Immuno-fluorescence and immuno-histochemical analyses on embryos in the same genetic backgrounds also affect the localization of βPS integrins from the adhesion site of leading edge and amnioserosa cells during the dorsal closure stages of embryogenesis as well as the cellular morphology (cell shape) of the lateral epidermal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jagat Kumar Roy
- Corresponding author: Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Strecker TR, Li P, McGhee SA, Ham D, Smith SK, Schreck JA, Youn SJ, Kon PSH. The effects of the glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, on the development of the Drosophila embryo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995; 204:359-368. [PMID: 28305737 DOI: 10.1007/bf00360481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/1994] [Accepted: 11/10/1994] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of the glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, and five structural analogs on Drosophila development in an effort to identify steroid ligands that may play a role in the embryogenesis of this organism. Embryos were exposed to glucocorticoids either by direct culture in supplemented medium, or by examining embryos from adult flies raised on supplemented fly food. After exposure, embryos were examined for developmental defects. At a morphological level, exposure to dexamethasone disrupts the dorsolateral folding of the amnioserosa during germ band extension. In addition, germ band retraction and dorsal closure is also disrupted. The phenocritical period of these effects is within the first 4 h of embryogenesis. This response is dosage sensitive, with embryos responding to concentrations of dexamethasone ranging from 10-6 to 10-3M. Furthermore, glucocorticoids which are closely related structural analogs of dexamethasone also disrupt germ band retraction and dorsal closure, while other tested steroids had no effect on embryonic development. At a molecular level, expression of the gene, Krüppel, is absent from the amnioserosa of dexamethasone-treated embryos. The cuticular phenocopy resulting from exposure to dexamethasone and related glucocorticoids is morphologically similar to the mutant phenotype associated with four genes required for germ band retraction, namely hindsight, serpent, tail-up and u-shaped. The results of this study represent the first association of a glucocorticoid with dose, stage and tissue specific effects on Drosophila development at both morphological and molecular levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Ruth Strecker
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 156-29, 91125, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 156-29, 91125, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sean Austin McGhee
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 156-29, 91125, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Debby Ham
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 156-29, 91125, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Su Kyong Smith
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 156-29, 91125, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Ann Schreck
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 156-29, 91125, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sue Jung Youn
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 156-29, 91125, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|