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Bayat M, Mardani H, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Hoogenboom R. Self-indicating polymers: a pathway to intelligent materials. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4045-4085. [PMID: 38449438 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00431g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Self-indicating polymers have emerged as a promising class of smart materials that possess the unique ability to undergo detectable variations in their physical or chemical properties in response to various stimuli. This article presents an overview of the most important mechanisms through which these materials exhibit self-indication, including aggregation, phase transition, covalent and non-covalent bond cleavage, isomerization, charge transfer, and energy transfer. Aggregation is a prevalent mechanism observed in self-indicating polymers, where changes in the degree of molecular organization result in variations in optical or electrical properties. Phase transition-induced self-indication relies on the transformation between different phases, such as liquid-to-solid or crystalline-to-amorphous transitions, leading to observable changes in color or conductivity. Covalent bond cleavage-based self-indicating polymers undergo controlled degradation or fragmentation upon exposure to specific triggers, resulting in noticeable variations in their structural or mechanical properties. Isomerization is another crucial mechanism exploited in self-indicating polymers, where the reversible transformation between the different isomeric forms induces detectable changes in fluorescence or absorption spectra. Charge transfer-based self-indicating polymers rely on the modulation of electron or hole transfer within the polymer backbone, manifesting as changes in electrical conductivity or redox properties. Energy transfer is an essential mechanism utilized by certain self-indicating polymers, where energy transfer between chromophores or fluorophores leads to variations in the emission characteristics. Furthermore, this review article highlights the diverse range of applications for self-indicating polymers. These materials find particular use in sensing and monitoring applications, where their responsive nature enables them to act as sensors for specific analytes, environmental parameters, or mechanical stress. Self-indicating polymers have also been used in the development of smart materials, including stimuli-responsive coatings, drug delivery systems, food sensors, wearable devices, and molecular switches. The unique combination of tunable properties and responsiveness makes self-indicating polymers highly promising for future advancements in the fields of biotechnology, materials science, and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Bayat
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hanieh Mardani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran.
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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2
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Recent Advancements in Polythiophene-Based Materials and their Biomedical, Geno Sensor and DNA Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136850. [PMID: 34202199 PMCID: PMC8268102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the unique properties of intrinsically conducting polymer (ICP) in biomedical engineering fields are summarized. Polythiophene and its valuable derivatives are known as potent materials that can broadly be applied in biosensors, DNA, and gene delivery applications. Moreover, this material plays a basic role in curing and promoting anti-HIV drugs. Some of the thiophene’s derivatives were chosen for different experiments and investigations to study their behavior and effects while binding with different materials and establishing new compounds. Many methods were considered for electrode coating and the conversion of thiophene to different monomers to improve their functions and to use them for a new generation of novel medical usages. It is believed that polythiophenes and their derivatives can be used in the future as a substitute for many old-fashioned ways of creating chemical biosensors polymeric materials and also drugs with lower side effects yet having a more effective response. It can be noted that syncing biochemistry with biomedical engineering will lead to a new generation of science, especially one that involves high-efficiency polymers. Therefore, since polythiophene can be customized with many derivatives, some of the novel combinations are covered in this review.
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Khelifi W, Awada H, Brymora K, Blanc S, Hirsch L, Castet F, Bousquet A, Lartigau-Dagron C. Halochromic Switch from the 1st to 2nd Near-Infrared Window of Diazapentalene–Dithienosilole Copolymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wissem Khelifi
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Hussein Awada
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Katarzyna Brymora
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR CNRS 5255), Université de Bordeaux, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Sylvie Blanc
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Lionel Hirsch
- Laboratoire de l’Intégration du Matériau au Système (IMS, UMR CNRS 5218), Université de Bordeaux, ENSCBP, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR CNRS 5255), Université de Bordeaux, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Antoine Bousquet
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Christine Lartigau-Dagron
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, 64000 Pau, France
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Yano H, Kudo K, Marumo K, Okuzaki H. Fully soluble self-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) with an electrical conductivity greater than 1000 S cm -1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav9492. [PMID: 30993206 PMCID: PMC6461456 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav9492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Wet-processable and highly conductive polymers are promising candidates for key materials in organic electronics. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is commercially available as a water dispersion of colloidal particles but has some technical issues with PSS. Here, we developed a novel fully soluble self-doped PEDOT (S-PEDOT) with an electrical conductivity as high as 1089 S cm-1 without additives (solvent effect). Our results indicate that the molecular weight of S-PEDOT is the critical parameter for increasing the number of nanocrystals, corresponding to the S-PEDOT crystallites evaluated by x-ray diffraction and conductive atomic force microscopic analyses as having high electrical conductivity, which reduced both the average distance between adjacent nanocrystals and the activation energy for the hopping of charge carriers, leading to the highest bulk conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Yano
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
- Organic Materials Research Laboratory, Tosoh Corporation, 4560 Kaisei-cho, Shunan 746-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kudo
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Marumo
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Hidenori Okuzaki
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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YANO H, NISHIYAMA M, HAYASHI S, KUDO K, OKUZAKI H. Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Self-Doped Water-Soluble Conducting Polymer. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2018. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2018-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu YANO
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi
- Organic Materials Research Lab., Tosoh Corporation
| | | | | | - Kazuki KUDO
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi
| | - Hidenori OKUZAKI
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi
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Das S, Routh P, Ghosh R, Chatterjee DP, Nandi AK. Water-soluble ionic polythiophenes for biological and analytical applications. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Das
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata - 700032 India
| | - Parimal Routh
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata - 700032 India
| | - Radhakanta Ghosh
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata - 700032 India
| | - Dhruba P Chatterjee
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata - 700032 India
| | - Arun K Nandi
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata - 700032 India
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7
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Zhan R, Liu B. Functionalized Conjugated Polyelectrolytes for Biological Sensing and Imaging. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1715-40. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Zhan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; 4800 Caoan Road Shanghai 201804 P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4117585 Singapore (Republic of Singapore) and Institution of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR3 Research Link; 117602 Singapore Republic of Singapore
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8
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Us CN, Icli Ozkut M. Expanding the Realm of Soluble Narrow Band Gap Polymers with a Benzobisthiadiazole Derivative. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cansu N. Us
- Department
of Chemical Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080 Van, Turkey
| | - Merve Icli Ozkut
- Department
of Chemical Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080 Van, Turkey
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9
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Das S, Chatterjee DP, Ghosh R, Nandi AK. Water soluble polythiophenes: preparation and applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16496b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Different synthetic procedures for water soluble polythiophenes and their applications in sensing, detection of biomolecules and optoelectronic devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Das
- Polymer Science Unit
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700 032
- India
| | - Dhruba P. Chatterjee
- Polymer Science Unit
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700 032
- India
| | - Radhakanta Ghosh
- Polymer Science Unit
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700 032
- India
| | - Arun K. Nandi
- Polymer Science Unit
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700 032
- India
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10
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Nonconjugated Polyelectrolyte as Efficient Fluorescence Quencher and Their Applications as Biosensors: Polymer-Polymer Interaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/841857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple fluorescence quenching method for the quantitation in serum of an acute phase reactant, C-reactive protein (CRP), which can differentiate between viral and bacterial infections, is described, where material and reagent costs are minimal. The study harnesses a fluorescence quenching between a nonfluorescent polyelectrolyte containing a ligand (O-phosphorylethanolamine, PEA) and fluorophore (fluorescamine isomer 1) containing polyelectrolyte. The quenching was attributed due to strong polymer-polymer interaction through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The nonlinear behaviour of Stern-Volmer plot indicates a binding induced quenching, that is, static quenching. However, fluorescence was found to increase in presence of C-reactive protein, due to the specific molecular recognition occurring between CRP and PEA, thereby excluding fluorophore containing chain. A definite correlation was found between concentration of CRP and fluorescence intensity and the method exhibited a linear relationship in the range of 40–360 ng/mL with a detection limit of 30 ± 2 ng/mL. The antibody free method was successfully applied for the analysis of CRP in human serum samples and the method showed good correlation with hospital measurements (y=1.0313x−0.1423; n=32; R=0.9998, P<0.0001). Thus the fluorescence based polyelectrolyte biosensor is a potential system for rapid, and antibody free platform for CRP detection.
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11
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Liu J, Feng G, Geng J, Liu B. A facile strategy toward conjugated polyelectrolyte with oligopeptide as pendants for biological applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:4511-4515. [PMID: 23444831 DOI: 10.1021/am400169v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a facile yet efficient strategy to synthesize biofunctionalized conjugated polyelectrolyte using click reaction between an amphiphilic oligopeptide (R10) and organic soluble polyfluorene (PF) as an example. PF-R10 shows the absorption and emission maxima at ~380 and ~430 nm in water, respectively. In addition, it exhibits enhanced fluorescence in acidic circumstance as compared to that in neutral environment because of reduced aggregation, which is confirmed by laser light scattering and atomic force microscopy studies. In view of the penetration property of the grafted R10 peptide, PF-R10 shows excellent cell uptake and labeling ability in cellular imaging.
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Lan M, Liu W, Wang Y, Ge J, Wu J, Zhang H, Chen J, Zhang W, Wang P. Copolythiophene-derived colorimetric and fluorometric sensor for lysophosphatidic acid based on multipoint interactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:2283-2288. [PMID: 23459452 DOI: 10.1021/am400319g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
3-Phenylthiophene-based water-soluble copolythiophenes (CPT9) were designed for colorimetric and fluorometric detection of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) based on electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic interaction, and hydrogen bonding. Other negatively charged species gave nearly no interference, and the detection limit reached to 0.6 μM, which is below the requisite detection limits for LPA in human plasma samples. The appealing performance of CPT9 was demonstrated to originate from the multipoint interaction-induced conformational change of conjugated backbone and weakened electron transfer effect. To our best knowledge, this is the first polythiophene based optical sensor which displays emission peak red-shift followed with fluorescence enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhuan Lan
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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13
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Lan M, Wu J, Liu W, Zhang W, Ge J, Zhang H, Sun J, Zhao W, Wang P. Copolythiophene-Derived Colorimetric and Fluorometric Sensor for Visually Supersensitive Determination of Lipopolysaccharide. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:6685-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ja211570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minhuan Lan
- Key Laboratory
of Photochemical
Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute
of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic
of China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Key Laboratory
of Photochemical
Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute
of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Key Laboratory
of Photochemical
Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute
of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Center
of Super-Diamond
and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department
of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jiechao Ge
- Key Laboratory
of Photochemical
Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute
of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory
of Photochemical
Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute
of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Key Laboratory
of Photochemical
Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute
of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic
of China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory
of Photochemical
Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute
of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic
of China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory
of Photochemical
Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute
of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic
of China
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15
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Wang L, Feng Q, Wang X, Pei M, Zhang G. A novel polythiophene derivative as a sensitive colorimetric and fluorescent sensor for anionic surfactants in water. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj40460e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Liu M, Luo C, Peng H. Electrochemical DNA sensor based on methylene blue functionalized polythiophene as a hybridization indicator. Talanta 2011; 88:216-21. [PMID: 22265490 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A polythiophene functionalized with methylene blue (PMT-MB) was synthesized and used as an indicator for electrochemical oligonucleotides (ODNs) hybridization detection. After hybridization with complementary ODNs, the current signal of PMT-MB increased, which illustrated that PMT-MB can effectively recognize complementary ODN targets as an indicator. Compared to MB, PMT-MB showed much better resistance to the concentration change of buffer solution. In all buffer solutions tested, the hybridization always resulted in the increased current signal of PMT-MB due to the electrostatic interaction. While, when MB was used as an indicator, the inconsistent current response was obtained after the hybridization. When high concentration of buffer solution was used for accumulation, the hybridization resulted in the decreased current signal, while at the low concentrations, the current signal increased. The interaction between PMT-MB and dsODNs was also studied by UV-vis spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan 421008, China.
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17
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Apodaca DC, Pernites RB, Ponnapati R, Del Mundo FR, Advincula RC. Electropolymerized Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Film: EIS Sensing of Bisphenol A. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2010525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia C. Apodaca
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City Philippines 1101
| | - Roderick B. Pernites
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Ramakrishna Ponnapati
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Florian R. Del Mundo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City Philippines 1101
| | - Rigoberto C. Advincula
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City Philippines 1101
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18
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Wigenius J, Andersson MR, Esbjörner EK, Westerlund F. Interactions between a luminescent conjugated polyelectrolyte and amyloid fibrils investigated with flow linear dichroism spectroscopy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 408:115-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.03.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang J, Zhang Q, Tan KJ, Long YF, Ling J, Huang CZ. Observable Temperature-Dependent Compaction−Decompaction of Cationic Polythiophene in the Presence of Iodide. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:1693-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp107099z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ke Jun Tan
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yun Fei Long
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Hunan 411201, PR China
| | - Jian Ling
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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Tamilavan V, Sakthivel P, Li Y, Song M, Kim CH, Jin SH, Hyun MH. Synthesis and characterization of indenofluorene-based copolymers containing 2,5-bis(2-thienyl)-N-arylpyrrole for bulk heterojunction solar cells and polymer light-emitting diodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Wang CC, Tsai H, Shih HH, Jeon S, Xu Z, Williams D, Iyer S, Sanchez TC, Wang L, Cotlet M, Wang HL. Synthesis and characterization of ethylene glycol substituted poly(phenylene vinylene) derivatives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2010; 2:738-747. [PMID: 20356275 DOI: 10.1021/am900766s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a series of water-soluble, fluorescent, conjugated polymers via the Gilch reaction with an overall yield greater than 40%. The yield for the Gilch reaction decreases with the increase in the length of the side chain (ethylene glycol repeat units), presumably due to the steric effects inhibiting the linking of monomeric units. The hydrophilic side chain enhances the solubility of the polymer in water and concomitantly leads to a side-chain-dependent conformation and solvent-dependent quantum efficiency. An increase in the ethylene glycol repeat units on the polymer side chain structure results in changes in chain packing; hence, the crystallinity evolves from semicrystalline to liquid crystalline to completely amorphous. An increase in the length of the side chain leads to changes in the polymer-solvent interaction as manifested in the photophysical properties of these polymers. These novel polymers exhibit two glass transition temperatures, which can be readily rationalized by differences in microstructure when casted from hydrophobic and hydrophilic solvents. Cyclic voltammograms of polymer 1d-3d suggest two-electron transfer, as compared to P1 which has one complete redox pair. The potential of having a nanoscaled domain structure and stabilizing two electrons on a polymer chain signifies the potential of these polymers in fabricating electronic and photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chih Wang
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop J567, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
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22
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Lan YF, Lee RH, Lin JJ. Aqueous Dispersion of Conjugated Polymers by Colloidal Clays and Their Film Photoluminescence. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:1897-902. [DOI: 10.1021/jp911117m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fen Lan
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002 Taiwan, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Rong-Ho Lee
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002 Taiwan, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Jiang-Jen Lin
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002 Taiwan, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
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23
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Lee K, Povlich LK, Kim J. Recent advances in fluorescent and colorimetric conjugated polymer-based biosensors. Analyst 2010; 135:2179-89. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Leclerc M, Najari A, Beaupré S. 2008 Macromolecular Science and Engineering Division Award Lecture — Conjugated polymers: From micro-electronics to genomics. CAN J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/v09-086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have received a lot of attention, since they combine the best features of metals or semiconductors with those of synthetic polymers. For instance, solar cells based on poly(2,7-carbazole) derivatives have revealed power-conversion efficiencies up to 6%. This class of materials could lead to printable and flexible photovoltaic devices. Moreover, water-soluble luminescent polythiophenes have allowed the specific, rapid, and ultra-sensitive detection of unlabelled DNA, RNA, or proteins. This new optical detection mechanism is based on electrostatic interactions between a cationic polythiophene derivative and negatively charged oligonucleotides. This method makes now possible the rapid assessment of the identity of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), genes, and pathogens without the need for nucleic acid amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Leclerc
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ahmed Najari
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Serge Beaupré
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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25
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Specific recognition of a nucleobase-functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene) (PEDOT) in aqueous media. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.04.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic properties of a low-bandgap platinum(II) polyyne functionalized with a 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-benzothiadiazole hybrid spacer. J Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Lo PK, Sleiman HF. Synthesis and Molecular Recognition of Conjugated Polymer with DNA-Mimetic Properties. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800345t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pik Kwan Lo
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2K6
| | - Hanadi F. Sleiman
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2K6
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28
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Ho HA, Najari A, Leclerc M. Optical detection of DNA and proteins with cationic polythiophenes. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:168-78. [PMID: 18198841 DOI: 10.1021/ar700115t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, intense research has been carried out worldwide with the goal of developing simple, sensitive, and specific detection tools for biomedical applications. Along these lines, we reported in 2002 on cationic polythiophene derivatives able to provide ultrasensitive detection levels and the capability to distinguish perfect matches from oligonucleotides having as little as a single base mismatch. It was shown that the intrinsic fluorescence of the random-coil polymers quenches as a result of the planar, highly conjugated conformation adopted by the polymers when complexed with a single-strand DNA (ssDNA) capture probe but increases again after hybridization with the perfectly matched complementary strand. This change in fluorescence intensity is mainly due to a modification in the delocalization of pi electrons along the carbon chain backbone that occurs when switching between the two conformations. Thus, by monitoring, via the change in fluorescence intensity, the hybridization of the complementary ssDNA target with the "duplex", one could detect as little as 220 complementary target molecules in a 150 microL sample volume (0.36 zmol) in less than 1 hour. Building on this initial concept, we then reported that tagging the DNA probe with a suitable fluorophore dramatically increases the detection sensitivity. This novel molecular system involves the self-assembly of aggregates of duplexes in solution, prior to the introduction of the target, which allows a highly efficient resonance energy transfer (RET) between a "donor" (being the complex formed of the DNA double helix and the polymer chain wrapped around it) and a large number of neighboring "acceptors" (the fluorophores attached to the DNA probes). The massive intrinsic signal amplification (fluorescence chain reaction or FCR) provided by this novel integrated molecular system allows the specific detection of as little as five dsDNA copies in a 3 mL sample volume in only 5 minutes, without the need for prior amplification of the target. Clearly, direct and reliable detection of DNA hybridization without prior PCR amplification or chemical tagging of the genetic target is now possible with this methodology. We have also shown that proteins can be detected following a similar strategy. Impressive results have also been reported by direct and specific staining of targeted proteins. All these features have recently allowed the development of responsive polymeric supports for the detection of DNA and proteins. All these assays that do not require any chemical manipulation of the biological targets or sophisticated experimental procedures should soon lead to major advances in genomics and proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-A. Ho
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - Ahmed Najari
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada
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29
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Wang XZ, Wong WY, Cheung KY, Fung MK, Djurišić AB, Chan WK. Polymer solar cells based on very narrow-bandgap polyplatinynes with photocurrents extended into the near-infrared region. Dalton Trans 2008:5484-94. [DOI: 10.1039/b803467b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Herland A, Inganäs O. Conjugated Polymers as Optical Probes for Protein Interactions and Protein Conformations. Macromol Rapid Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200700281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Wang H, Lu P, Wang B, Qiu S, Liu M, Hanif M, Cheng G, Liu S, Ma Y. A Water-Soluble π-Conjugated Polymer with up to 100 mg · mL−1 Solubility. Macromol Rapid Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200700221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Gao Y, Wang CC, Wang L, Wang HL. Conjugated polyelectrolytes with pH-dependent conformations and optical properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:7760-7. [PMID: 17559239 DOI: 10.1021/la063536s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis and characterization of two new conjugated polymers: poly{2,5-bis[3-(N,N-diethylammonium acetate)-1-oxapropyl]-1,4-phenylenevinylene} (P1') and poly{2,5-bis[3-(N,N,N-triethylammonium bromide)-1-oxapropyl]-1,4-phenylenevinylene} (P2). Both polymers exhibit unique pH-dependent optical properties in aqueous solution. These pH-dependent optical properties are attributed to the mutual electrostatic repulsions of positive charges pendent on the benzene rings. This electrostatic repulsion leads to an increased or decreased torsional angle in the conjugated backbone, thus affecting the effective conjugation length of these polymers. The UV-vis spectra of P1 in various pH solutions exhibit a near-isosbestic point, which indicates changes in the composition of the two distinct conformations (the charged and the neutral forms). The transition between the highly charged state and the neutral state was clearly observed in the UV-vis and photoluminescence studies on both P1 and P2. This transition is particularly sensitive in the pH range from 6.2 to 7.0, a range that would allow the detection of minor environmental changes. P2 has a quantum efficiency of 14% in water, which is considered to be relatively high among water-soluble PPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Physical Chemistry and Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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33
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Zhu B, Han Y, Sun M, Bo Z. Water-Soluble Dendronized Polyfluorenes with an Extremely High Quantum Yield in Water. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma062246f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Yang Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Minghao Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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34
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Zhang ZJ, Zheng Z, Qiang LL, Ma Z, Xie SX, Peng B, Huang W, Wei W. Novel Water-Soluble Shape-Regulatable Luminescent Nanoparticles by Non-Covalently Bonded Self-Assembly. Macromol Rapid Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200600262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Kim Y, Swager TM. Sensory Polymers for Electron-Rich Analytes of Biological Interest. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060692x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngmi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Timothy M. Swager
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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36
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Xia Y, Luo J, Deng X, Li X, Li D, Zhu X, Yang W, Cao Y. Novel Random Low-Band-Gap Fluorene-Based Copolymers for Deep Red/Near Infrared Light-Emitting Diodes and Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cells. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200500517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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37
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Huang F, Wang X, Wang D, Yang W, Cao Y. Synthesis and properties of a novel water-soluble anionic polyfluorenes for highly sensitive biosensors. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Conducting Polymers for DNA Sensors and DNA Chips: from Fabrication to Molecular Detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1871-0069(05)01008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
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39
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Huang F, Hou L, Wu H, Wang X, Shen H, Cao W, Yang W, Cao Y. High-Efficiency, Environment-Friendly Electroluminescent Polymers with Stable High Work Function Metal as a Cathode: Green- and Yellow-Emitting Conjugated Polyfluorene Polyelectrolytes and Their Neutral Precursors. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:9845-53. [PMID: 15291589 DOI: 10.1021/ja0476765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of aminoalkyl-substituted polyfluorene copolymers with benzothiadiazole (BTDZ) of different content were synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction, and their quaternized ammonium polyelectrolyte derivatives were obtained through a postpolymerization treatment on the terminal amino groups. Copolymers are soluble in environmentally friendlier solvents, such as alcohols. It was found that the efficient energy transfer occurs by exciton trapping on the narrow band gap BTDZ site under UV illumination. Only 1% of BTDZ content is needed to completely quench a fluorene emission for both the neutral and the quaternized copolymers in the neat film. Absolute PL efficiencies of copolymer films were greatly enhanced as a result of the suppression of excimer formation. Light-emitting devices fabricated from these copolymers show high external quantum efficiencies over 3% and 1% for the neutral precursor and the quaternized copolymers, respectively, with high work function metals such as Al as a cathode. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on an electroluminescent polymer which bears the high EL efficiency, the electron-injection ability from high work function metals, and the solubility in environment-friendly solvents at the same time. These features make them a promising candidate for the next generation of light-emitting copolymers in PLED flat panel display application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Materials and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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40
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Roquet S, Leriche P, Perepichka I, Jousselme B, Levillain E, Frère P, Roncali J. 3,4-Phenylenedioxythiophene (PheDOT): a novel platform for the synthesis of planar substituted π–donor conjugated systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b400491d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Jousselme B, Blanchard P, Oçafrain M, Allain M, Levillain E, Roncali J. Electrogenerated poly(thiophenes) derivatized by bipyridine ligands and metal complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b313291a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Bernier S, Garreau S, Béra-Abérem M, Gravel C, Leclerc M. A versatile approach to affinitychromic polythiophenes. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:12463-8. [PMID: 12381187 DOI: 10.1021/ja027387l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of both postfunctionalizable and chromic poly[3-(N-succinimido-p-phenylcarboxylate(tetraethoxy)oxy)-4-methylthiophene] is reported. The N-hydroxysuccinimide ester side group can easily react with different amine-bearing molecules in the solid state to yield a library of new polythiophene derivatives. The resulting polymers can be dissolved in various solvents, and interactions between the side chains (ligands) and different analytes (targets) can be detected from modifications of both the side-chain and the backbone conformations resulting in important color changes (i.e., affinitychromism). This colorimetric polymeric transducer could therefore lead to highly valuable, versatile, and inexpensive tools for highthroughput screening and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Bernier
- Canada Research Chair in Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Centre de recherche en sciences et ingénierie des macromolécules, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Qc, Canada, G1K 7P4
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43
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Liu B, Yu WL, Lai YH, Huang W. Blue-Light-Emitting Cationic Water-Soluble Polyfluorene Derivatives with Tunable Quaternization Degree. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma010974r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Republic of Singapore; and Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wang-Lin Yu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Republic of Singapore; and Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yee-Hing Lai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Republic of Singapore; and Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Republic of Singapore; and Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore
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44
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Ho HA, Boissinot M, Bergeron MG, Corbeil G, Doré K, Boudreau D, Leclerc M. Colorimetric and Fluorometric Detection of Nucleic Acids Using Cationic Polythiophene Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20020503)114:9<1618::aid-ange1618>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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Ho HA, Boissinot M, Bergeron MG, Corbeil G, Doré K, Boudreau D, Leclerc M. Colorimetric and Fluorometric Detection of Nucleic Acids Using Cationic Polythiophene Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20020503)41:9%3c1548::aid-anie1548%3e3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Ho HA, Boissinot M, Bergeron MG, Corbeil G, Doré K, Boudreau D, Leclerc M. Colorimetric and Fluorometric Detection of Nucleic Acids Using Cationic Polythiophene Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002; 41:1548-51. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20020503)41:9<1548::aid-anie1548>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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47
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Blanchard P, Cappon A, Levillain E, Nicolas Y, Frère P, Roncali J. Thieno[3,4-b]-1,4-oxathiane: an unsymmetrical sulfur analogue of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as a building block for linear pi-conjugated systems. Org Lett 2002; 4:607-9. [PMID: 11843603 DOI: 10.1021/ol017204k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] An unsymmetrical analogue of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) has been synthesized by transetherification of 3,4-dimethoxythiophene. Electropolymerization leads to a stable electroactive polymer with electrochemical and electronic properties intermediate between those of the two symmetrical parent polymers poly(EDOT) and poly(3,4-ethylenedithiathiophene). Experimental work shows that the 2- and 5-positions possess a different reactivity, thus opening the possibility of synthesizing regioregular oligomers or polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Blanchard
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux Organiques, UMR-CNRS 6501, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France.
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48
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Lévesque I, Bazinet P, Roovers J. Optical Properties and Dual Electrical and Ionic Conductivity in Poly(3-methylhexa(oxyethylene)oxy-4-methylthiophene). Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9917803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Lévesque
- Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Patrick Bazinet
- Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Jacques Roovers
- Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6 Canada
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50
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