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Abstract
Novel ionic shape memory polymer (SMP) gels were fabricated using SMPs and ionic liquids (ILs) of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMI-TFSI) at different weight ratios (WIL). The shape memory effect and sensor performance of the ionic SMP gels were investigated by means of thermomechanical and mechanoelectrical analyses. It was found that the ionic SMP gel at WIL = 25 wt% showed a shape memory effect with the shape fixing ratio (Rf) and shape recovery ratio (Rr) of 72.7% and 72.9%, respectively. Upon bending, the ionic SMP gel sensors with PEDOT:PSS electrodes generated an open circuit voltage of 3.3 mV and a charge of 1.6 nC which linearly increased with increasing bending displacement and velocity, respectively. Furthermore, the wearable shape memory multifunctional sensor array was demonstrated as a self-powered motion sensor for IoT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- YingJun An
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8510, Japan.
| | - Haruki Yoshida
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8510, Japan.
| | - Yuxin Jing
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8510, Japan.
| | - Tian Liang
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8510, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Okuzaki
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8510, Japan.
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Yano H, Kudo K, Marumo K, Okuzaki H. Fully soluble self-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) with an electrical conductivity greater than 1000 S cm -1. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav9492. [PMID: 30993206 PMCID: PMC6461456 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav9492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Wet-processable and highly conductive polymers are promising candidates for key materials in organic electronics. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is commercially available as a water dispersion of colloidal particles but has some technical issues with PSS. Here, we developed a novel fully soluble self-doped PEDOT (S-PEDOT) with an electrical conductivity as high as 1089 S cm-1 without additives (solvent effect). Our results indicate that the molecular weight of S-PEDOT is the critical parameter for increasing the number of nanocrystals, corresponding to the S-PEDOT crystallites evaluated by x-ray diffraction and conductive atomic force microscopic analyses as having high electrical conductivity, which reduced both the average distance between adjacent nanocrystals and the activation energy for the hopping of charge carriers, leading to the highest bulk conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Yano
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
- Organic Materials Research Laboratory, Tosoh Corporation, 4560 Kaisei-cho, Shunan 746-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kudo
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Marumo
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Hidenori Okuzaki
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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Mochizuki T, Takigami Y, Kondo T, Okuzaki H. Fabrication of flexible transparent electrodes using PEDOT:PSS and application to resistive touch screen panels. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Mochizuki
- Yamanashi Industrial Technology Center; Kofu 400-0055 Japan
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research; University of Yamanashi; Kofu 400-8510 Japan
| | - Yuki Takigami
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research; University of Yamanashi; Kofu 400-8510 Japan
| | - Takahiro Kondo
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research; University of Yamanashi; Kofu 400-8510 Japan
| | - Hidenori Okuzaki
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research; University of Yamanashi; Kofu 400-8510 Japan
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Fujiwara A, Masunaga H, Okuzaki H, Honma Y, Sasaki T. Nanocrystallization and Electronic-Conductivity Enhancement in PEDOT:PSS films. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273314091062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The conductive organic polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate), abbreviated as PEDOT:PSS, is widely used in capacitors, antistatic coating etc. and one of the potential materials for the next-generation printable electronics. It is because of its excellent dispersibility in water and high electronic conductivity of more than 1,000 S/cm. Although many preceding studies have provided a variety of possible mechanisms of high conductivity, such as charge transfer between PEDOT and residual solvents, there has been no conclusive explanation for the origin of the high conductivity. Here, we report the nanometer-size crystallization of PEDOT inside the hydrophobic core region of PEDOT:PSS in a solid film and enhancement of electronic conductivity caused by the nanometer-size crystal growth of PEDOT. The structure of PEDOT:PSS has been investigated by means of small- and wide-angle X-ray scatterings (SAXS and WAXS) using high brilliance synchrotron radiation light source in SPring-8, Japan. We have obtained the microscopic structural model of PEDOT:PSS micelle in the water dispersion and the solid polymer film (Fig. 1(a)). Nanometer-size crystals of PEDOT were grown during the course of film fabrication in the wet process from the water dispersion. Furthermore, we found that the better crystallinity of the PEDOT crystal in the films prepared in the different conditions resulted in the higher electrical conductivity (Fig. 1(b)). The result suggests that the size of the crystallite is one of the key parameters for the enhancement of the electronic conductivity in PEDOT:PSS films. These findings shed light on the further improvement of the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS polymer films by controlling the evaporation to dryness in the wet fabrication process.
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Yan H, Yumoto T, Cheng WZ, Zhang P, Mei YA, Zhang K, Okuzaki H. Thin Films of PEDOT/PSS Bar-coated on Transparent Plastic Substrates. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University
| | - Tatsunori Yumoto
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Wen-zhen Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University
| | - Yin-ang Mei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University
| | - Hidenori Okuzaki
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Takano
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI/SPring-8), Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo
679-5148, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Masunaga
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI/SPring-8), Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo
679-5148, Japan
| | - Akihiko Fujiwara
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI/SPring-8), Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo
679-5148, Japan
| | - Hidenori Okuzaki
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate School
of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Takeda 4-4-37, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Takahiko Sasaki
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai
980-8577, Japan
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Kishi R, Hiroki K, Tominaga T, Sano KI, Okuzaki H, Martinez JG, Otero TF, Osada Y. Electro-conductive double-network hydrogels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Okuzaki H, Kobayashi K, Hishiki F, Su SJ, Yan H. Thermo-responsive nanofiber mats fabricated by electrospinning of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-stearyl acrylate). J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:5193-5198. [PMID: 21770163 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.4186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide and stearyl acrylate (PNIPA-SAX) with various SA feed ratios (X = 1-10 mol%) were synthesized and electrospun into nanofiber mats. It was found that average diameter of nanofibers electrospun at concentration of 25% and voltage of 30 kV linearly increased from 165 nm (PNIPA) to 497 nm (PNIPA-SA10) with increasing the SA content. The PNIPA-SAX (X = 3-10 mol%) nanofiber mats were insoluble in water at 25 degrees C, in which inter-polymer and interfiber physical cross-links were formed through hydrophobic interaction of stearyl side-chains. With increasing the temperature from 25 to 40 degrees C the PNIPA-SA3 nanofiber mat exhibited significant volume contraction of 66%, while that of a single nanofiber estimated by AFM measurements was found to be 37%. The results allowed us to conclude that not only swelling-deswelling but also dissociation-association of the nanofibers via hydrophobic interactions were crucially important for the macroscopic volume changes of the nanofiber mats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Okuzaki
- Laboratory of Organic Robotics, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Japan
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Murakami T, Mori Y, Okuzaki H. Effect of Ethylene Glycol on Structure and Carrier Transport in Highly Conductive Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.14723/tmrsj.36.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Yan H, Kagata T, Uchida T, Uematsu T, Iriyama Y, Okuzaki H. Unusual Shapes of C 60Crystals Formed at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces. CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2009.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Okuzaki
- Laboratory of Organic Robotics, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511 Japan
| | - Keiko Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Organic Robotics, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511 Japan
| | - Hu Yan
- Laboratory of Organic Robotics, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511 Japan
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Yan H, Jo T, Okuzaki H. Synthesis and electrophoretic deposition of high-dielectric-constant SrTiO3 nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Okuzaki H, Suzuki H, Ito T. Electromechanical Properties of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Poly(4-styrene sulfonate) Films. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:11378-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jp902845x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Okuzaki
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Japan, and Takano Co. Ltd., 137 Miyada, Kamiina 399-4301, Japan
| | - Hiroki Suzuki
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Japan, and Takano Co. Ltd., 137 Miyada, Kamiina 399-4301, Japan
| | - Takamichi Ito
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Japan, and Takano Co. Ltd., 137 Miyada, Kamiina 399-4301, Japan
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Yan H, Uchida T, Kagata T, Iriyama Y, Okuzaki H. Influence of Surface Energy and Roughness of Substrate on Thin Pentacene and C60Films Prepared by Vacuum Deposition. CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2009.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Yan H, Jo T, Okuzaki H. Highly Conductive and Transparent Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) Thin Films. Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.pj2009143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Yan H, Kagata T, Mori Y, Harashina Y, Hara Y, Okuzaki H. Micrometer-scaled Channel Lengths of Organic Field-effect Transistors Patterned by Using PEDOT/PSS Microfibers. CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2008.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Okuzaki H, Takahashi T, Hara Y, Yan H. Uniaxially aligned carbon nanofibers derived from electrospun precursor yarns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Okuzaki H, Takahashi T, Miyajima N, Suzuki Y, Kuwabara T. Spontaneous Formation of Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) Nanofiber Yarns through Electrospinning of a Precursor. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0608673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Okuzaki
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511 Japan
| | - Takui Takahashi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511 Japan
| | - Naoya Miyajima
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511 Japan
| | - Yasutada Suzuki
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511 Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kuwabara
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511 Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Okuzaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Yamanashi University, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Japan
| | - Keiichi Funasaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Yamanashi University, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Japan
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Okuzaki H, Ikeda N, Kubota I, Kunugi T. Mechanical Properties and Structure of Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) Films Prepared by the Zone-Reaction Method. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9817875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Okuzaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Yamanashi University, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Japan
| | - Norihiro Ikeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Yamanashi University, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Japan
| | - Isamu Kubota
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Yamanashi University, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Japan
| | - Toshio Kunugi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Yamanashi University, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Japan
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Abstract
Weakly crosslinked poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) gel was synthesized and the chemomechanical behaviors in the presence of N-alkylpyridinium chloride (CnPyCl n = 4, 12, 16) were studied. The principle of this behavior is based upon an electrokinetic molecular assembly reaction of surfactant molecules on the polymer gel caused by both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Under an electric field PAMPS gel underwent significant and quick bending and the response could be controlled effectively by changing the alkyl chain length of the surfactant molecule, the salt concentration, and the current applied. The results allow us to consider that cooperative complex formation between PAMPS gel and CnPyCl is responsible for this effective chemomechanical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Okuzaki
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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