1
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Ghosh P, Karak A, Mahapatra AK. Small-molecule fluorogenic probes based on indole scaffold. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2690-2718. [PMID: 38465421 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02057f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Indoles are the most versatile organic N-heterocyclic compounds widely present in bioactive natural products and used in different fields such as coordination chemistry, pharmacy, dyes, and medicine, as well as in the biology and polymer industries. More recently, the indole scaffold has been widely used in analytical chemistry for the design and development of small-molecule fluorescent chemosensors in the fields of molecular recognition and molecular imaging. The indole-based chemosensor derivatives contain heteroatoms like N-, O-, and S-, through which they interact with analytes (cations, anions, and neutral species), producing measurable analytical signals that can be used for the fluorimetric and colorimetric detection of different analytes in biological, agricultural and environmental samples. This review focuses on indole-based small-molecule fluorimetric and colorimetric chemosensors for detecting cations, anions, and neutral species in a comprehensive manner. Furthermore, the recognition mechanisms are discussed in detail, which could help researchers design and develop more powerful and efficient fluorescent chemosensors in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pintu Ghosh
- Molecular Sensor and Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah-711103, West Bengal, India.
| | - Anirban Karak
- Molecular Sensor and Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah-711103, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ajit Kumar Mahapatra
- Molecular Sensor and Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah-711103, West Bengal, India.
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2
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Murugan S, Zhong HJ, Wu CY, Pan HW, Chen C, Lee GH. Camphorsulfonic Acid-Mediated One-Pot Tandem Consecutive via the Ugi Four-Component Reaction for the Synthesis of Functionalized Indole and 2-Quinolone Derivatives by Switching Solvents. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5713-5729. [PMID: 35224332 PMCID: PMC8867550 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A camphorsulfonic acid-mediated one-pot tandem consecutive approach was developed to synthesize functionalized indole and 2-quinolone derivatives from the Ugi four-component reaction by switching solvents. A reaction of the Ugi adduct in an aprotic solvent undergoes 5-exo-trig cyclization to form an indole ring. In a protic solvent, however, the Ugi adduct undergoes an alkyne-carbonyl metathesis reaction to form a 2-quinolone ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan
Perumal Murugan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jie Zhong
- Department
of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Wu
- Department
of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science
and Technology, Hualien 970302, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wei Pan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
| | - Chinpiao Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
- Department
of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science
and Technology, Hualien 970302, Taiwan
| | - Gene-Hsian Lee
- Instrumentation
Center, College of Science, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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3
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Ramesh S, Amuthavalli A, Balaguru M, Saravanan D. Crystal Structure of 1-(4-(5,6-Dihydropyridazin-1(4H)-yl)Phenyl)-N-Methylmethanesulfonamide. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774521070130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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α-Substituted β-mercapto ketone based synthesis of 3-alkyl-3-[(alkylsulfanyl)methyl]-2-methyl-3H-indoles. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Rahaman M, Ali MS, Jahan K, Belayet JB, Rahman AFMT, Hossain MM. Chemistry of 3-hydroxy-2-aryl acrylate: syntheses, mechanisms, and applications. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01157f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
3-Hydroxy-2-aryl acrylate is important scaffold which is widely used for the synthesis of pharmacologically active compounds. This review summarises the synthetic methods of the 3-hydroxy-2-aryl acrylate including mechanisms and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizzanoor Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
| | - M. Shahnawaz Ali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
| | - Khorshada Jahan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
| | - Jawad Bin Belayet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
| | | | - M. Mahmun Hossain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
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6
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Filer CN, Orphanos D. An effective and scalable 14C radiolabelling of several biogenic indole derivatives at high specific activity. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 165:109268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Zhao F, Masci D, Ferla S, Varricchio C, Brancale A, Colonna S, Black GW, Turner NJ, Castagnolo D. Monoamine Oxidase (MAO-N) Biocatalyzed Synthesis of Indoles from Indolines Prepared via Photocatalytic Cyclization/Arylative Dearomatization. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Domiziana Masci
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Salvatore Ferla
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Carmine Varricchio
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Brancale
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Serena Colonna
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Gary W. Black
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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8
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Pagano A, Mancinelli M, Bianchi L, Giorgi G, Maccagno M, Petrillo G, Tavani C. Nitrobutadienes as powerful benzannulating agents: An unprecedented easy access to rare nitroindoles. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Ieronimo G, Palmisano G, Maspero A, Marzorati A, Scapinello L, Masciocchi N, Cravotto G, Barge A, Simonetti M, Ameta KL, Nicholas KM, Penoni A. A novel synthesis of N-hydroxy-3-aroylindoles and 3-aroylindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:6853-6859. [PMID: 30065979 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01471j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward indole synthesis via annulation of C-nitrosoaromatics with conjugated terminal alkynones was realised achieving a simple, highly regioselective, atom- and step economical access to 3-aroylindoles in moderate to good yields. Further functionalizations of indole scaffolds were investigated and an easy way to JWH-018, a synthetic cannabinoid, was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Ieronimo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 9, 22100, Como, Italy.
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10
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Nosova EV, Lipunova GN, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON. Fluorine-containing indoles: Synthesis and biological activity. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- So Won Youn
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Institute for Natural Sciences; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Tae Yun Ko
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Institute for Natural Sciences; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Korea
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12
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Wu CJ, Meng QY, Lei T, Zhong JJ, Liu WQ, Zhao LM, Li ZJ, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. An Oxidant-Free Strategy for Indole Synthesis via Intramolecular C–C Bond Construction under Visible Light Irradiation: Cross-Coupling Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Juan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Yuan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ji Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei-Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Peña-López M, Neumann H, Beller M. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Indoles from Anilines and Epoxides. Chemistry 2014; 20:1818-24. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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15
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Williams JD, Nguyen ST, Gu S, Ding X, Butler MM, Tashjian TF, Opperman TJ, Panchal RG, Bavari S, Peet NP, Moir DT, Bowlin TL. Potent and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity of indole-based bisamidine antibiotics: synthesis and SAR of novel analogs of MBX 1066 and MBX 1090. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7790-806. [PMID: 24239389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria in the clinic has propelled a concerted effort to find new classes of antibiotics that will circumvent current modes of resistance. We have previously described a set of bisamidine antibiotics that contains a core composed of two indoles and a central linker. The first compounds of the series, MBX 1066 and MBX 1090, have potent antibacterial properties against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We have conducted a systematic exploration of the amidine functionalities, the central linker, and substituents at the indole 3-position to determine the factors involved in potent antibacterial activity. Some of the newly synthesized compounds have even more potent and broad-spectrum activity than MBX 1066 and MBX 1090.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Williams
- Microbiotix, Inc., 1 Innovation Drive, Worcester, MA 01604, USA.
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16
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Ishida N, Necas D, Shimamoto Y, Murakami M. Construction of Indole Skeletons by Sequential Actions of Sunlight and Rhodium on α-Aminoacetophenones. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ishida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University
| | - David Necas
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University
| | - Yasuhiro Shimamoto
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University
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17
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Zhang J, Yin Z, Leonard P, Wu J, Sioson K, Liu C, Lapo R, Zheng S. A Variation of the Fischer Indolization Involving Condensation of Quinone Monoketals and Aliphatic Hydrazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Zhang J, Yin Z, Leonard P, Wu J, Sioson K, Liu C, Lapo R, Zheng S. A Variation of the Fischer Indolization Involving Condensation of Quinone Monoketals and Aliphatic Hydrazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:1753-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Nishiyama Y, Umeda R, Nishimoto Y, Mashino T. Synthesis of Indoles: Sulfur-Assisted Reaction of 2-Nitrostilbenes with Carbon Monoxide. HETEROCYCLES 2013. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Porcheddu A, Mura MG, De Luca L, Pizzetti M, Taddei M. From Alcohols to Indoles: A Tandem Ru Catalyzed Hydrogen-Transfer Fischer Indole Synthesis. Org Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3030956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Manuel G. Mura
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lidia De Luca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marianna Pizzetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Taddei
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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21
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Shi Z, Glorius F. Effiziente und vielseitige Indol-Synthese aus Enaminen und Iminen mithilfe dehydrierender Kreuzkupplung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Shi Z, Glorius F. Efficient and Versatile Synthesis of Indoles from Enamines and Imines by Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9220-2. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Majgier-Baranowska H, Williams JD, Li B, Peet NP. Studies on the mechanism of the Cadogan–Sundberg indole synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.06.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Müller S, Webber MJ, List B. The Catalytic Asymmetric Fischer Indolization. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:18534-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2092163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Müller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Matthew J. Webber
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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25
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Guo X, Peng Z, Jiang S, Shen J. Convenient and Scalable Process for the Preparation of Indole via Raney Nickel–Catalyzed Hydrogenation and Ring Closure. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2010.495828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Chan JMW, Amarante GW, Toste FD. Tandem Cycloisomerization/Suzuki Coupling of Arylethynyl MIDA Boronates. Tetrahedron 2011; 67:4306-4312. [PMID: 21765556 PMCID: PMC3134963 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A tandem gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization/Suzuki cross coupling sequence involving arylethynyl-N-methyliminodiacetic acid boronates is described. Combining the mildness of homogeneous gold catalysis with the versatility of N-methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) boronates, this tandem two-step method enables the rapid assembly of various aryl-substituted heterocycles without having to isolate or purify any heterocyclic MIDA boronate intermediates. Another major advantage of this method is that a wide range of heterocycles bearing different aryl groups may be made from a single MIDA boronate alkyne precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M. W. Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Giovanni W. Amarante
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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27
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Tibiletti F, Simonetti M, Nicholas KM, Palmisano G, Parravicini M, Imbesi F, Tollari S, Penoni A. One-pot synthesis of meridianins and meridianin analogues via indolization of nitrosoarenes. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Penoni A, Palmisano G, Zhao YL, Houk KN, Volkman J, Nicholas KM. On the mechanism of nitrosoarene-alkyne cycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:653-61. [PMID: 19093864 DOI: 10.1021/ja806715u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The thermal reaction between nitrosoarenes and alkynes produces N-hydroxyindoles as the major products. The mechanism of these novel reactions has been probed using a combination of experimental and computational methods. The reaction of nitrosobenzene (NB) with an excess of phenyl acetylene (PA) is determined to be first order in each reactant in benzene at 75 degrees C. The reaction rates have been determined for reactions between phenyl acetylene with a set of p-substituted nitrosoarenes, 4-X-C(6)H(4)NO, and of 4-O(2)N-C(6)H(4)NO with a set of p-substituted arylalkynes, 4-Y-C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]CH. The former reactions are accelerated by electron-withdrawing X groups (rho = +0.4), while the latter are faster with electron-donating Y groups (rho = -0.9). The kinetic isotope effect for the reaction of C(6)H(5)NO/C(6)D(5)NO with PhC[triple bond]CH is found to be 1.1 (+/-0.1) while that between PhC[triple bond]CH/PhC[triple bond]CD with PhNO is also 1.1 (+/-0.1). The reaction between nitrosobenzene and the radical clock probe cyclopropylacetylene affords 3-cyclopropyl indole in low yield. In addition to 3-carbomethoxy-N-hydroxyindole, the reaction between PA and o-carbomethoxy-nitrosobenzene also affords a tricyclic indole derivative, 3, likely derived from trapping of an intermediate indoline nitrone with PA and subsequent rearrangement. Computational studies of the reaction mechanism were carried out with density functional theory at the (U)B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level. The lowest energy pathway of the reaction of PhNO with alkynes was found to be stepwise; the N-C bond between nitrosoarene and acetylene is formed first, the resulting vinyl diradical undergoes cis-trans isomerization, and then the C-C bond forms. Conjugating substituents Z on the alkyne, Z-C[triple bond]CH, lower the calculated (and observed) activation barrier, Z = -H (19 kcal/mol), -Ph (15.8 kcal/mol), and -C(O)H (13 kcal/mol). The regioselectivity of the reaction, with formation of the 3-substituted indole, was reproduced by the calculations of PhNO + PhC[triple bond]CH; the rate-limiting step for formation of the 2-substituted indole is higher in energy by 11.6 kcal/mol. The effects of -NO(2), -CN, -Cl, -Br, -Me, and -OMe substituents were computed for the reactions of p-X-C(6)H(4)NO with PhC[triple bond]CH and of PhNO and/or p-NO(2)-C(6)H(4)NO with p-Y-C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]CH. The activation energies for the set of p-X-C(6)H(4)NO vary by 4.3 kcal/mol and follow the trend found experimentally, with electron-withdrawing X groups accelerating the reactions. The range of barriers for the p-Y-C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]CH reactions is smaller, about 1.5 and 1.8 kcal/mol in the cases of PhNO and p-NO(2)-PhNO, respectively. In agreement with the experiments, electron-donating Y groups on the alkyne accelerate the reactions with p-NO(2)-C(6)H(4)NO, while both ED and EW groups are predicted to facilitate the reaction. The calculated kinetic isotope effect for the reaction of C(6)H(5)NO/C(6)D(5)NO with PhC[triple bond]CH is negligible (as found experimentally) while that for PhC[triple bond]CH/PhC[triple bond]CD with PhNO (0.7) differs somewhat from the experiment (1.1). Taken together the experimental and computational results point to the operation of a stepwise diradical cycloaddition, with rate-limiting N-C bond formation and rapid C-C connection to form a bicyclic cyclohexadienyl-N-oxyl diradical, followed by fast tautomerization to the N-hydroxyindole product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Penoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche ed Ambientali, Universita degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy
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Bastos MM, Mayer LMU, Figueira ECS, Soares M, Boechat N, Kover WB. Synthesis of new 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indoles by reduction of trifluoromethyloxoindoles. J Heterocycl Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570450404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Srinivasa A, Mahadevan KM, Sureshakumara TH, Hulikal V. A direct and simple approach for the synthesis of indole-3-propanol and its acetates from dihydropyran. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-008-0945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Three-Component Indium-Mediated Domino Allylation of 1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde with Electron-Rich (Hetero)arenes: Highly Efficient Access to Variously Functionalized Indolylbutenes. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200701160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sayyed IA, Alex K, Tillack A, Schwarz N, Spannenberg A, Michalik D, Beller M. Selective reduction and functionalization of diethyl 1-alkyl-1H-indole-2,3-dicarboxylates. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Creencia EC, Taguchi K, Horaguchi T. Thermal reactions ofN-alkyl-2-benzylaniline andN-alkyl-N′-phenyl-o-phenylenediamine: An unusual route to 2-phenylindole and 2-phenylbenzimidazole. J Heterocycl Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570450331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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LIU J, LI C, HUO X, SHI L, SUN Q. Direct Vapor-Phase Synthesis of Indole: Effect of MgO on the Performance of Cu/SiO2 Catalyst. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(08)60022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Vara Y, Aldaba E, Arrieta A, Pizarro JL, Arriortua MI, Cossío FP. Regiochemistry of the microwave-assisted reaction between aromatic amines and α-bromoketones to yield substituted 1H-indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:1763-72. [DOI: 10.1039/b719641e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ge J, Zhou W, Zhao L, Shi Y. Basic Indole Ring Enantiomer Separation on CelluloseTris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) Coated TiO2/SiO2Chiral Stationary Phase. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710701585230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sayyed IA, Alex K, Tillack A, Schwarz N, Michalik D, Beller M. A Convenient and General Method for the Synthesis of Indole-2,3-dicarboxylates and 2-Arylindole-3-carboxylates. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new 3-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-trifluoromethylindole as potential HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-007-9004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Chapter 2 Pyrroles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1460-1567(07)80051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Jia Y, Zhu J. Palladium-Catalyzed, Modular Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Indoles and Tryptophans by Direct Annulation of Substituted o-Haloanilines and Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2006; 71:7826-34. [PMID: 16995692 DOI: 10.1021/jo061471s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One-pot synthesis of indoles by a palladium-catalyzed annulation of ortho-haloanilines and aldehydes has been developed. Coupling of ortho-iodoaniline with aldehyde is realized under mild ligandless conditions [Pd(OAc)2, DABCO, DMF, 85 degrees C], whereas X-Phos is found to be the ligand of choice for coupling reactions involving ortho-chloroanilines/ortho-bromoanilines and aldehydes. A variety of ortho-haloanilines with different electronic properties are suitable substrates, and aldehydes including chiral ones participated in this reaction without racemization. Coupling of (S)-2-N,N-di-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-oxopentanoate, derived from L-glutamic acid, with ortho-haloanilines provides a rapid access to the ring-A-substituted tryptophans in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxing Jia
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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42
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Labadie SS. Synthesis of Multi-Substituted Benzothiophenes: An Application of Alder-Rickert Reaction. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919808004304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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43
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Efficient synthesis of indoles using [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of N-trifluoroacetyl enehydrazines. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Highly chemoselective reduction using a Rh/C–Fe(OAc)2 system: practical synthesis of functionalized indoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.11.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Campo J, García-Valverde M, Marcaccini S, Rojo MJ, Torroba T. Synthesis of indole derivatives via isocyanides. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:757-65. [PMID: 16493455 DOI: 10.1039/b514946k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fast and convenient approaches to the indole nucleus from isocyanides are reviewed as a means for the tailored preparation of conveniently functionalized indoles by using the unique reactivity of isocyanides in one-pot multicomponent and cascade reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Campo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n 09001, Burgos, Spain
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Barberis C, Gordon TD, Thomas C, Zhang X, Cusack KP. Cu(I)-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of ene-carbamates: synthesis of indoles and pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridines. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alonso F, Beletskaya IP, Yus M. Transition-metal-catalyzed addition of heteroatom-hydrogen bonds to alkynes. Chem Rev 2005; 104:3079-159. [PMID: 15186189 DOI: 10.1021/cr0201068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1370] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Alonso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
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Hopkins CR, Collar N. Synthesis of 6,7-disubstituted-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazines via palladium-catalyzed heteroannulation. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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49
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Campos KR, Journet M, Lee S, Grabowski EJJ, Tillyer RD. Asymmetric Synthesis of a Prostaglandin D2Receptor Antagonist. J Org Chem 2005; 70:268-74. [PMID: 15624932 DOI: 10.1021/jo048305+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric synthesis was developed for the production of a prostaglandin D(2) receptor antagonist for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. The stereogenic center was set using asymmetric allylic alkylation chemistry, and the core of the structure was constructed via Pd-catalyzed N-cyclization/Heck methodology. The synthesis relies on a late stage indoline oxidation which does not racemize the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Campos
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, RY800-B267, Rahway, New Jersey 07065-0900, USA.
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Sun LP, Huang XH, Dai WM. Stepwise and one-pot cross-coupling–heteroannulation approaches toward 2-substituted C5-, C6-, and C7-nitroindoles. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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