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Li K, Liu T, Ying J, Tian A, Wang X. A lantern-shaped fluorescent probe based on viologen/polyoxometalate for the detection of Ag + in beverages and daily necessities. Talanta 2024; 280:126786. [PMID: 39216417 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A lantern-shaped viologen/polyoxometalate (POM)-based compound [NiII(MSBP)2(H2O)2]·(β-Mo8O26)·H2O (Ni-POM) (MSBP = 1-(4-Methanesulfonyl-benzyl)-[4,4']bipyridinyl-1-ium) was successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method for the efficient detection of Ag+. A strong affinity between Ag+ and SO in the viologen component of the Ni-POM structure made them interact, which led to blue fluorescence quenching. In the concentration range of 0.1-4 μM, a strong linear relationship was observed between the Ag+concentration and the fluorescence intensity ratio of Ni-POM, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 20.4 nM. Considering the widespread presence of Ag+ in various water sources, daily necessities and food preservatives, the utilization of Ni-POM for detecting the concentration of Ag+ in real samples (water, daily necessities and beverages) was proved to be highly effective. Moreover, a remarkable recovery rate ranging from 95.70 % to 103.60 % was achieved, indicating that the monitoring results of practical samples were satisfactory. A fluorescent ink based on Ni-POM was designed for the purpose of information confidentiality. More importantly, the hydrogel intelligent device for visual detection of Ag+ was developed, which could realize visual real-time on-site quantitative detection of Ag+ concentration in beverages and daily necessities. Therefore, Ni-POM provides an effective platform for the development of visually quantitative detection of Ag+ in food and daily necessities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, 063210, China
| | - Jun Ying
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, China.
| | - Aixiang Tian
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, China.
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2
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Chen CX, Yang SS, Pang JW, He L, Zang YN, Ding L, Ren NQ, Ding J. Anthraquinones-based photocatalysis: A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 22:100449. [PMID: 39104553 PMCID: PMC11298862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been significant interest in photocatalytic technologies utilizing semiconductors and photosensitizers responsive to solar light, owing to their potential for energy and environmental applications. Current efforts are focused on enhancing existing photocatalysts and developing new ones tailored for environmental uses. Anthraquinones (AQs) serve as redox-active electron transfer mediators and photochemically active organic photosensitizers, effectively addressing common issues such as low light utilization and carrier separation efficiency found in conventional semiconductors. AQs offer advantages such as abundant raw materials, controlled preparation, excellent electron transfer capabilities, and photosensitivity, with applications spanning the energy, medical, and environmental sectors. Despite their utility, comprehensive reviews on AQs-based photocatalytic systems in environmental contexts are lacking. In this review, we thoroughly describe the photochemical properties of AQs and their potential applications in photocatalysis, particularly in addressing key environmental challenges like clean energy production, antibacterial action, and pollutant degradation. However, AQs face limitations in practical photocatalytic applications due to their low electrical conductivity and solubility-related secondary contamination. To mitigate these issues, the design and synthesis of graphene-immobilized AQs are highlighted as a solution to enhance practical photocatalytic applications. Additionally, future research directions are proposed to deepen the understanding of AQs' theoretical mechanisms and to provide practical applications for wastewater treatment. This review aims to facilitate mechanistic studies and practical applications of AQs-based photocatalytic technologies and to improve understanding of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ji-Wei Pang
- China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Group, CECEP Talroad Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Lei He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ya-Ni Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Lan Ding
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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3
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Wang J, Ding X, Lan Z, Liu G, Hou S, Hou S. Imidazole Compounds: Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Optical Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024; 54:897-922. [PMID: 35001757 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2023459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Imidazole is a five-membered heterocyclic ring containing three carbon atoms, two nitrogen atoms, and two double bonds. Among two nitrogen atoms, one of which carries with a hydrogen atom is a pyrrole-type nitrogen atom, another is a pyridine type nitrogen atom. Hence, the imidazole ring belongs to the π electron-rich aromatic ring and can accept strong suction to the electronic group. Moreover, the nitrogen atom of the imidazole ring is coordinated with metal ions to form metal-organic frameworks. In recent years, because of imidazole compounds' unique optical properties, their applications have attracted more and more attention in optical analysis. Thus, this review has summarized the synthesis, characterization, and application with emphasis on the research progress of imidazole compounds in optical analysis, including fluorescence probe, colorimetric probe, electrochemiluminescence sensor, fiber optical sensor, surface plasmon resonance, etc. This paper will suggest the direction for the development of imidazole-containing sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Xin Ding
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Zhenni Lan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Guangyan Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Shili Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Shifeng Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, P.R. China
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
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4
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Liu H, Yu Z, Liu L, Dong S. Cell Wall Binding Strategies Based on Cu 3SbS 3 Nanoparticles for Selective Bacterial Elimination and Promotion of Infected Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:33038-33052. [PMID: 38961578 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing nanomaterials as an alternative to antibiotics, with a focus on maintaining high biosafety, has emerged as a promising strategy to combat antibiotic resistance. Nevertheless, the challenge lies in the indiscriminate attack of nanomaterials on both bacterial and mammalian cells, which limits their practicality. Herein, Cu3SbS3 nanoparticles (NPs) capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) are discovered to selectively adsorb and eliminate bacteria without causing obvious harm to mammalian cells, thanks to the interaction between O of N-acetylmuramic acid in bacterial cell walls and Cu of the NPs. Coupled with the short diffusion distance of ROS in the surrounding medium, a selective antibacterial effect is achieved. Additionally, the antibacterial mechanism is then identified: Cu3SbS3 NPs catalyze the generation of O2•-, which has subsequently been conversed by superoxide dismutase to H2O2. The latter is secondary catalyzed by the NPs to form •OH and 1O2, initiating an in situ attack on bacteria. This process depletes bacterial glutathione in conjunction with the disruption of the antioxidant defense system of bacteria. Notably, Cu3SbS3 NPs are demonstrated to efficiently impede biofilm formation; thus, a healing of MRSA-infected wounds was promoted. The bacterial cell wall-binding nanoantibacterial agents can be widely expanded through diversified design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Zhixuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
| | - Shaojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
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Chettri B, Pal A, Jha S, Dey N. Tuning sensing efficacy of anthraimidazoledione-based charge transfer dyes: nitro group positioning impact. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6343-6351. [PMID: 38488109 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04172g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Anthraimidazoledione-based optical sensors have been designed by varying the position of the nitro functional group. All three positional isomers showed highly colored, photostable optical signals owing to intramolecular charge transfer interactions. Despite having the same anion-binding site (imidazole unit), the selectivity and sensitivity of the compounds depend on the positioning of the nitro group. The selectivity was fairly good for the meta isomer, followed by the ortho and para isomers, respectively. In contrast, the sensitivity towards anions followed a completely opposite trend, with the para isomer being the most sensitive one towards anions. Interestingly, the color changing response along the turn-on fluorescence signal was observed only with CN- ions in a semi-aqueous environment. Though the introduction of water as a co-solvent could improve the selectivity, the sensitivity was found to be slightly less than that observed in pure organic medium. Mechanistic studies indicated hydrogen bonding interactions between the imidazole -NH proton and cyanide, which further facilitated the extent of intramolecular charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Chettri
- Department of Chemistry, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Sikkim Manipal University, Majitar, Sikkim 737136, India
| | - Animesh Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India.
| | - Satadru Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Sikkim Manipal University, Majitar, Sikkim 737136, India
| | - Nilanjan Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India.
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Sogra S, V A, Ps C, L S, S A, S V, Das AK. A Prompt Study on Recent Advances in the Development Of Colorimetric and Fluorescent Chemosensors for "Nanomolar Detection" of Biologically Important Analytes. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-023-03552-1. [PMID: 38285156 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03552-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors for selective detection of various biologically important analytes have been widely applied in different areas such as biology, physiology, pharmacology, and environmental sciences. The research area based on fluorescent chemosensors has been in existence for about 150 years with the development of large number of fluorescent chemosensors for selective detection of cations as metal ions, anions, reactive species, neutral molecules and different gases etc. Despite the progress made in this field, several problems and challenges still exist. The most important part of sensing is limit of detection (LOD) which is the lowest concentration that can be measured (detected) with statistical significance by means of a given analytical procedure. Although there are so many reports available for detection of millimolar to micromolar range but the development of chemosensors for the detection of analytes in nanomolar range is still a challenging task. Therefore, in our current review we have focused the history and a general overview of the development in the research of fluorescent sensors for selective detection of various analytes at nanomolar level only. The basic principles involved in the design of chemosensors for specific analytes, binding mode, photophysical properties and various directions are also covered here. Summary of physiochemical properties, mechanistic view and type of different chemosensors has been demonstrated concisely in the tabular forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Sogra
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Aishwarya V
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Chaithra Ps
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Suchi L
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Abhishek S
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Vishnu S
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Avijit Kumar Das
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India.
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7
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Kaur M, Virender, Khatkar S, Singh B, Kumar A, Dubey SK. Recent Advancements in Sensing of Silver ions by Different Host Molecules: An Overview (2018-2023). J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03494-8. [PMID: 38038876 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The chemosensors act as powerful tool in the detection of metal ions due to their simplicity, high sensitivity, low cost, low detection limit, rapid photophysical response, and application to the environmental and medical fields. This review article presents an overview for the chemosensing of Ag+ ions based on Calix, MOF, Nanoparticle, COF, Calix, Electrochemical chemosensor published from 2018 to 2023. Here, we have reviewed the sensing of Ag+ ions and summarised the binding response, mechanism, LOD, colorimetric response, adsorption capacity, technique used. The purpose of this review article to provide a detailed summary of the performance of different host chemosensors that are helpful for providing future direction to researchers on Ag+ ion detection and provides path to design effective chemsosensor (simple to synthesize, cost effective, high sensitivity, with more practical application). While studying the related article literature, we came across some challenges and that has been discussed lastly and provided solutions for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Integrated & Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, 136119, India
| | - Virender
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, 136119, India
| | - Sunita Khatkar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Integrated & Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, 136119, India
| | - Baljit Singh
- MiCRA Biodiagnostics Technology Gateway & Centre of Applied Science for Health, Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin), Dublin, D24 FKT9, Ireland
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, 136119, India.
| | - Santosh Kumar Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Integrated & Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, 136119, India.
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8
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Fang Y, Ding S, Li W, Zhang J, Sun H, Lin X. Dual-Channel Fluorescent/Colorimetric-Based OPD-Pd/Pt NFs Sensor for High-Sensitivity Detection of Silver Ions. Foods 2023; 12:4260. [PMID: 38231754 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Silver ions (Ag+) exist widely in various areas of human life, and the food contamination caused by them poses a serious threat to human health. Among the numerous methods used for the detection of Ag+, fluorescence and colorimetric analysis have attracted much attention due to their inherent advantages, such as high sensitivity, simple operation, short time, low cost and visualized detection. In this work, Pd/Pt nanoflowers (NFs) specifically responsive to Ag+ were synthesized in a simple way to oxidize o-phenylenediamine (OPD) into 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP). The interaction of Ag+ with the surface of Pd/Pt NFs inhibits the catalytic activity of Pd/Pt NFs towards the substrate OPD. A novel dual-channel nanosensor was constructed for the detection of Ag+, using the fluorescence intensity and UV-vis absorption intensity of DAP as output signals. This dual-mode analysis combines their respective advantages to significantly improve the sensitivity and accuracy of Ag+ detection. The results showed that the limit of detection was 5.8 nM for the fluorescence channel and 46.9 nM for the colorimetric channel, respectively. Moreover, the developed platform has been successfully used for the detection of Ag+ in real samples with satisfactory recoveries, which is promising for the application in the point-of-care testing of Ag+ in the field of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shusen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Weiran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai 519000, China
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Alshareef M. Recent Advances in Organic Sensors for the Detection of Ag + Ions: A Comprehensive Review (2019-2023). Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37792301 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2263877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, organic sensors for the detection of Ag+ and other metal ions have experienced significant advancements. This is because there is a growing demand for reliable and sensitive tools to monitor various environmental pollutants. Organic sensors have O-, S-, and N-donor atoms, which can act as a ligand and coordinate with different metal ions, hence stabilizing them in a variety of oxidation states. This interaction gives colorimetric and fluorescence changes, which are used to monitor Ag+ and other metal ions. This comprehensive review highlights the latest developments in organic sensors for the recognition of Ag+. We present an in-depth analysis of the underlying principles and mechanisms governing Ag+ ion recognition. Various organic sensing platforms, such as fluorescent and colorimetric sensors, are discussed, shedding light on their unique advantages and limitations. Special attention is given to the diverse range of organic ligands, receptors, and functional materials used to achieve high sensitivity, selectivity, and quantification accuracy. Additionally, we delve into real-world applications of organic sensors for Ag+ ion detection, examining their performance in complex matrices such as biological, environmental, industrial and agricultural matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubark Alshareef
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Goel KK, Thapliyal S, Kharb R, Joshi G, Negi A, Kumar B. Imidazoles as Serotonin Receptor Modulators for Treatment of Depression: Structural Insights and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2208. [PMID: 37765177 PMCID: PMC10535231 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotoninergic signaling is identified as a crucial player in psychiatric disorders (notably depression), presenting it as a significant therapeutic target for treating such conditions. Inhibitors of serotoninergic signaling (especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) or serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI)) are prominently selected as first-line therapy for the treatment of depression, which benefits via increasing low serotonin levels and norepinephrine by blocking serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake and thereby increasing activity. While developing newer heterocyclic scaffolds to target/modulate the serotonergic systems, imidazole-bearing pharmacophores have emerged. The imidazole-derived pharmacophore already demonstrated unique structural characteristics and an electron-rich environment, ultimately resulting in a diverse range of bioactivities. Therefore, the current manuscript discloses such a specific modification and structural activity relationship (SAR) of attempted derivatization in terms of the serotonergic efficacy of the resultant inhibitor. We also featured a landscape of imidazole-based development, focusing on SAR studies against the serotoninergic system to target depression. This study covers the recent advancements in synthetic methodologies for imidazole derivatives and the development of new molecules having antidepressant activity via modulating serotonergic systems, along with their SAR studies. The focus of the study is to provide structural insights into imidazole-based derivatives as serotonergic system modulators for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Somesh Thapliyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India (G.J.)
| | - Rajeev Kharb
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India (G.J.)
| | - Arvind Negi
- Department of Bioproduct and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India (G.J.)
- Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
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11
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Zhu J, Shen M, Shen J, Wang C, Wei Y. Nitrogen and bromine co-doped carbon dots with red fluorescence for sensing of Ag + and visual monitoring of glutathione in cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 296:122642. [PMID: 36989694 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) with red fluorescence emission have excellent advantages in cell imaging. Herein, novel nitrogen and bromine doped CDs (N,Br-CDs) were prepared with 4-bromo-1,2-phenylenediamine as precursor. The N, Br-CDs present the optimal emission wavelength at 582 nm (λex = 510 nm) at pH 7.0 and 648 nm (λex = 580 nm) at pH 3.0 ∼ 5.0, respectively. The fluorescence intensity of N,Br-CDs at 648 nm versus Ag+ concentration shows a good relationship from 0 to 60 μM with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.14 μM. Furthermore, the fluorescence of N,Br-CDs/Ag+ is efficiently restored via the combination of glutathione (GSH) and Ag+ and linearly changes with GSH concentration from 0 ∼ 6.0 μM with LOD of 49 nM. This method has been successfully employed to monitor intracellular Ag+ and GSH with fluorescence imaging. The results suggest that the N,Br-CDs has application potential in the sensing of Ag+ and visual monitoring of GSH in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China; Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina, Lanzhou 730060, Gansu, PR China
| | - Mengxin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Jiwei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Chaozhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Yinmao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China.
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12
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Li SR, Tan YM, Zhang L, Zhou CH. Comprehensive Insights into Medicinal Research on Imidazole-Based Supramolecular Complexes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1348. [PMID: 37242590 PMCID: PMC10222694 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The electron-rich five-membered aromatic aza-heterocyclic imidazole, which contains two nitrogen atoms, is an important functional fragment widely present in a large number of biomolecules and medicinal drugs; its unique structure is beneficial to easily bind with various inorganic or organic ions and molecules through noncovalent interactions to form a variety of supramolecular complexes with broad medicinal potential, which is being paid an increasing amount of attention regarding more and more contributions to imidazole-based supramolecular complexes for possible medicinal application. This work gives systematical and comprehensive insights into medicinal research on imidazole-based supramolecular complexes, including anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory aspects as well as ion receptors, imaging agents, and pathologic probes. The new trend of the foreseeable research in the near future toward imidazole-based supramolecular medicinal chemistry is also prospected. It is hoped that this work provides beneficial help for the rational design of imidazole-based drug molecules and supramolecular medicinal agents and more effective diagnostic agents and pathological probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Rui Li
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yi-Min Tan
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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13
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Zhou Z, Cen J, Jiang N, Sun Y, Li Z, Yang L. A ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe based on CdSe quantum dots for the detection of Ag + in environmental samples and living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 290:122302. [PMID: 36603280 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread application of Ag+ in modern life and industry, the potential hazardous effects of Ag+ to environment and humans have attracted great concerns. Thus, effective and rapid strategies for Ag+ detection are highly desirable. In this paper, a novel ratiometric fluorescence sensor using CdSe quantum dots (QDs) has been constructed for sensitive and selective detection of Ag+, which is based on the formation of Ag2Se QDs. CdSe QDs were initially prepared and showed single wavelength emission at 510 nm. When Ag+ exists, a rising peak appeared at 650 nm and the emission at 510 nm declined, exhibiting distinct ratiometric fluorescence emission (I650/I510) characteristic with a linear response over the Ag+ concentration range of 0.01-4 μM. Significantly, the fluorescence changed from green to red. The detection limit of the constructed sensor is 1.4 nM. Furthermore, the sensing assay can be successfully applied to detect Ag+ in real water samples and living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Jianfang Cen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Naijia Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yu Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Zhouyang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Liyun Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
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14
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Yao H, Hu YP, Yang HR, Yang BH, Wang JW, Zhang YM, Wei TB, Lin Q. Ion recognition properties of 2,2'-bibenzimidazole regulated by ammonium-modified pillar[5]arenes. Analyst 2023; 148:1221-1226. [PMID: 36762553 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00095h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing issues of environmental degradation and health problem, the selective detection of toxic ions has attracted considerable attention from researchers. Chemical fluorescent sensors with the advantages of facile operation, high sensitivity, rapid response, and easy visualization are emerging as powerful detection tools towards ions. However, the selective recognition of ions is always hindered by the presence of other interfering substances. Herein, we show that supramolecular host-guest interaction based on a pillar[5]arene provides a new opportunity to regulate the ionic recognition properties of guest molecules. A pillar[5]arene-based host-guest complex HG was constructed through the host-guest interaction between ammonium functionalized pillar[5]arene (HAP5) and 2,2'-bibenzimidazole (G). The host-gust complex HG can realize the successive, highly selective, and sensitive detection of specific ions. It was found that only in the presence of HAP5, the sensitivity towards cations was evidently enhanced, and selective successive recognition for I- and HSO4- was achieved. Those results indicate that the introduction of HAP5 can effectively improve the ion recognition performance of 2,2'-bibenzimidazole, so it is a feasible strategy using supramolecular host-guest interaction to regulate the ionic recognition properties of guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Yin-Ping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Hao-Ran Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Bao-Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Wang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P. R. China.
| | - You-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Tai-Bao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P. R. China.
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15
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Liu Q, Liu Y, Xing Z, Huang Y, Ling L, Mo X. A novel dual-function probe for fluorescent turn-on recognition and differentiation of Al 3+ and Ga 3+ and its application. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 287:122076. [PMID: 36368269 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel dual-function probe BMP based on benzothiazole was easily synthesized and characterized through common optical technique. In the system consisting of DMF/H2O (v/v, 2/3), probe BMP showed azure and blue-green to Al3+ and Ga3+, respectively. Besides, the binding ratios of BMP to Al3+ and Ga3+ were determined as 1:1, which confirmed by Job's plot. Furthermore, for Al3+ and Ga3+, the limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 1.51 × 10-6 M and 4.28 × 10-6 M, respectively. Moreover, it was worth noting that BMP showed good performances in paper colorimetry, cell phone colorimetric identification and cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yatong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Xing
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, PR China.
| | - Yuntong Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, PR China
| | - Li Ling
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, PR China
| | - Xinglin Mo
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, PR China
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16
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Ion-specific bathochromic shifts: Simultaneous detection of multiple heavy metal pollutants via charge transfer interactions. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Pavankumar BB, Ranjan P, Jha PC, Sivaramakrishna A. New Oxoquinoline‐Imidazole Based Fluorescence Signaling Switches for the Determination of Zn
2+
/F
−
(OFF‐ON), and Fe
3+
/Picric Acid (ON‐OFF): Applications in Anticancer Activity. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. B. Pavankumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Prabodh Ranjan
- School of Applied Material Sciences Central University of Gujarat, Sector-30, Gandhinagar Gujarat India
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India
| | - Prakash C. Jha
- School of Applied Material Sciences Central University of Gujarat, Sector-30, Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Akella Sivaramakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu India
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18
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Cáceres-Castillo D, Mirón-López G, García-López M, Chan-Navarro R, Quijano-Quiñones R, Briceño-Vargas F, Cauich-Kumul R, Morales-Rojas H, Herrera-España A. Boronate Derivatives of Damnacanthal: Synthesis, Characterization, Optical Properties and Theoretical Calculations. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Fernandes RS, Dey N. Anion binding studies with anthraimidazoledione-based positional isomers: A comprehensive analysis of different strategies for improved selectivity. Talanta 2022; 250:123703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Kaur N, Gauri. Anthraquinone appended chemosensors for fluorescence monitoring of anions and/or metal ions. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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21
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Wang J, Lan Z, Hou S, Hou S. A novel symmetrical imidazole-containing framework as a fluorescence sensor for selectively detecting silver ions. Analyst 2021; 146:7618-7626. [PMID: 34786585 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01687c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel and highly efficient "turn-off" fluorescence imidazole-based sensor (BIB) with a symmetric structure was synthesized by a four-step reaction, from o-phenylenediamine, 6-bromo-2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, and 1-bromohexane. The sensing mechanism was confirmed via fluorescence titration, HRMS, and 1HNMR techiniques. The results showed that the binding ratio of BIB and Ag+ was 1 : 1 in a DMF-HEPES (pH 7.4) solution (9 : 1, v/v). The fluorescence response of BIB exhibited a good linear response within the Ag+ concentration ranging from 2 × 10-7 to 8 × 10-6 mol L-1, and the limit of detection was calculated to be 4.591 × 10-8 mol L-1. BIB was successfully applied to the detection of Ag+ in water samples with recoveries of 97.25-109.50% and relative standard deviations (RSD) of 1.14-2.45%. In addition, BIB can successfully be applied to qualitatively and quantitatively identify Ag+ in water by test paper strips of BIB, which is fast and convenient. This provides a possible potential for the rapid monitoring of metal ions by sensors in environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenni Lan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, P. R. China.
| | - Shili Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, P. R. China.
| | - Shifeng Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, P. R. China.
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22
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She M, Wang Z, Chen J, Li Q, Liu P, Chen F, Zhang S, Li J. Design strategy and recent progress of fluorescent probe for noble metal ions (Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt). Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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SBA-Pr-IS-MN synthesis and its application as Ag+ optical sensor in aqueous media. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Mei M, Mu L, Liang S, Wang Y, She G, Shi W. A general configurational strategy to quencher-free aptasensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 178:113025. [PMID: 33529860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aptasensor, developed from the aptamer, has aroused wide concern in recent years owing to its high sensitivity and specificity. However, the quenching unit involved in the most of the aptasensors is indispensable to the fabrication of an aptasensor, which would undoubtedly increase the complexity of the device. In this study, a facile strategy was developed for construction of the quencher-free aptasensors, in which the quenching units can be omitted, and only an aptamer strand and a fluorophore are necessary. Distinguishable from the configuration of the traditional ones, the aptasensors developed in this work rationally employed the intrinsic quenching abilities of the analytes to directly regulate the fluorescence of the fluorophore. Furthermore, the aptamer strand as a discriminatory unit efficiently captured the corresponding analytes to around the fluorophores. As a result, the fluorescence of the aptasensor can be significantly sensitive to the analytes. The generality of the current design is evidenced by the successful fabrication of seven quencher-free aptasensors for Cu2+, Ag+, Hg2+, ATP and dopamine through 6-FAM labeling aptamers of Cu2+, Ag+, Hg2+, ATP, dopamine, 5-TAMRA and ROX labeling aptamers of Cu2+. Present strategy endows an aptasensor with a simple structure, high selectivity and fine sensitivity. The configuration of the quencher-free aptasensors fabricated in this work can be readily utilized for more aptasensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lixuan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Sen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangwei She
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wensheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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