1
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Gass DT, Quintero AV, Hatvany JB, Gallagher ES. Metal adduction in mass spectrometric analyses of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:615-659. [PMID: 36005212 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycans, carbohydrates, and glycoconjugates are involved in many crucial biological processes, such as disease development, immune responses, and cell-cell recognition. Glycans and carbohydrates are known for the large number of isomeric features associated with their structures, making analysis challenging compared with other biomolecules. Mass spectrometry has become the primary method of structural characterization for carbohydrates, glycans, and glycoconjugates. Metal adduction is especially important for the mass spectrometric analysis of carbohydrates and glycans. Metal-ion adduction to carbohydrates and glycoconjugates affects ion formation and the three-dimensional, gas-phase structures. Herein, we discuss how metal-ion adduction impacts ionization, ion mobility, ion activation and dissociation, and hydrogen/deuterium exchange for carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. We also compare the use of different metals for these various techniques and highlight the value in using metals as charge carriers for these analyses. Finally, we provide recommendations for selecting a metal for analysis of carbohydrate adducts and describe areas for continued research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren T Gass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Ana V Quintero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob B Hatvany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Elyssia S Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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2
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Yatsyna V, Abikhodr AH, Ben Faleh A, Warnke S, Rizzo TR. Using Hadamard Transform Multiplexed IR Spectroscopy Together with a Segmented Ion Trap for the Identification of Mobility-Selected Isomers. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37307499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The high isomeric complexity of glycans makes them particularly difficult to analyze. While ultra-high-resolution ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) can offer rapid baseline separation of many glycan isomers, their unambiguous identification remains a challenging task. One approach to solving this problem is to identify mobility-separated isomers by measuring their highly resolved cryogenic vibrational spectra. To be able to apply this approach to complex mixtures at high throughput, we have recently developed a Hadamard transform multiplexed spectroscopic technique that allows measuring vibrational spectra of all species separated in both IMS and mass spectrometry dimensions in a single laser scan. In the current work, we further develop the multiplexing technique using ion traps incorporated directly into the IMS device based on structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM). We also show that multiplexed spectroscopy using perfect sequence matrices can outperform standard multiplexing using Simplex matrices. Lastly, we show that we can increase the measurement speed and throughput further by running multiple multiplexing schemes using several SLIM ion traps in combination with simultaneous spectroscopic measurements in the segmented cryogenic ion trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Yatsyna
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ali H Abikhodr
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Ben Faleh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Warnke
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Rizzo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Bansal P, Ben Faleh A, Warnke S, Rizzo TR. Multistage Ion Mobility Spectrometry Combined with Infrared Spectroscopy for Glycan Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:695-700. [PMID: 36881006 PMCID: PMC10080682 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The structural complexity of glycans makes their characterization challenging, not only because of the presence of various isomeric forms of the precursor molecule but also because the fragments can themselves be isomeric. We have recently developed an IMS-CID-IMS approach using structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) combined with cryogenic infrared (IR) spectroscopy for glycan analysis. It allows mobility separation and collision-induced dissociation of a precursor glycan followed by mobility separation and IR spectroscopy of the fragments. While this approach holds great promise for glycan analysis, we often encounter fragments for which we have no standards to identify their spectroscopic fingerprint. In this work, we perform proof-of-principle experiments employing a multistage SLIM-based IMS-CID technique to generate second-generation fragments, followed by their mobility separation and spectroscopic interrogation. This approach provides detailed structural information about the first-generation fragments, including their anomeric form, which in turn can be used to identify the precursor glycan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas R. Rizzo
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Peng W, Kobeissy F, Mondello S, Barsa C, Mechref Y. MS-based glycomics: An analytical tool to assess nervous system diseases. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1000179. [PMID: 36408389 PMCID: PMC9671362 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases affect millions of peopleochemistryorldwide and are continuously increasing due to the globe's aging population. Such diseases affect the nervous system and are characterized by a progressive decline in brain function and progressive cognitive impairment, decreasing the quality of life for those with the disease as well as for their families and loved ones. The increased burden of nervous system diseases demands a deeper insight into the biomolecular mechanisms at work during disease development in order to improve clinical diagnosis and drug design. Recently, evidence has related glycosylation to nervous system diseases. Glycosylation is a vital post-translational modification that mediates many biological functions, and aberrant glycosylation has been associated with a variety of diseases. Thus, the investigation of glycosylation in neurological diseases could provide novel biomarkers and information for disease pathology. During the last decades, many techniques have been developed for facilitation of reliable and efficient glycomic analysis. Among these, mass spectrometry (MS) is considered the most powerful tool for glycan analysis due to its high resolution, high sensitivity, and the ability to acquire adequate structural information for glycan identification. Along with MS, a variety of approaches and strategies are employed to enhance the MS-based identification and quantitation of glycans in neurological samples. Here, we review the advanced glycomic tools used in nervous system disease studies, including separation techniques prior to MS, fragmentation techniques in MS, and corresponding strategies. The glycan markers in common clinical nervous system diseases discovered by utilizing such MS-based glycomic tools are also summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Chloe Barsa
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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5
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Shi MZ, Yu YL, Zhu SC, Cao J, Ye LH. Nontargeted metabonomics-assisted two-dimensional ion mobility mass spectrometry point imaging to identify plant teas. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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6
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Braak FT, Elferink H, Houthuijs KJ, Oomens J, Martens J, Boltje TJ. Characterization of Elusive Reaction Intermediates Using Infrared Ion Spectroscopy: Application to the Experimental Characterization of Glycosyl Cations. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1669-1679. [PMID: 35616920 PMCID: PMC9219114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
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A detailed
understanding of the reaction mechanism(s) leading to
stereoselective product formation is crucial to understanding and
predicting product formation and driving the development of new synthetic
methodology. One way to improve our understanding of reaction mechanisms
is to characterize the reaction intermediates involved in product
formation. Because these intermediates are reactive, they are often
unstable and therefore difficult to characterize using experimental
techniques. For example, glycosylation reactions are critical steps
in the chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides and need to be stereoselective
to provide the desired α- or β-diastereomer. It remains
challenging to predict and control the stereochemical outcome of glycosylation
reactions, and their reaction mechanisms remain a hotly debated topic.
In most cases, glycosylation reactions take place via reaction mechanisms
in the continuum between SN1- and SN2-like pathways.
SN2-like pathways proceeding via the displacement of a
contact ion pair are relatively well understood because the reaction
intermediates involved can be characterized by low-temperature NMR
spectroscopy. In contrast, the SN1-like pathways proceeding
via the solvent-separated ion pair, also known as the glycosyl cation,
are poorly understood. SN1-like pathways are more challenging
to investigate because the glycosyl cation intermediates involved
are highly reactive. The highly reactive nature of glycosyl cations
complicates their characterization because they have a short lifetime
and rapidly equilibrate with the corresponding contact ion pair. To
overcome this hurdle and enable the study of glycosyl cation stability
and structure, they can be generated in a mass spectrometer in the
absence of a solvent and counterion in the gas phase. The ease of
formation, stability, and fragmentation of glycosyl cations have been
studied using mass spectrometry (MS). However, MS alone provides little
information about the structure of glycosyl cations. By combining
mass spectrometry (MS) with infrared ion spectroscopy (IRIS), the
determination of the gas-phase structures of glycosyl cations has
been achieved. IRIS enables the recording of gas-phase infrared spectra
of glycosyl cations, which can be assigned by matching to reference
spectra predicted from quantum chemically calculated vibrational spectra.
Here, we review the experimental setups that enable IRIS of glycosyl
cations and discuss the various glycosyl cations that have been characterized
to date. The structure of glycosyl cations depends on the relative
configuration and structure of the monosaccharide substituents, which
can influence the structure through both steric and electronic effects.
The scope and relevance of gas-phase glycosyl cation structures in
relation to their corresponding condensed-phase structures are also
discussed. We expect that the workflow reviewed here to study glycosyl
cation structure and reactivity can be extended to many other reaction
types involving difficult-to-characterize ionic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor ter Braak
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hidde Elferink
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kas J. Houthuijs
- Radboud University, FELIX Laboratory, Institute of Molecules and Materials, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud University, FELIX Laboratory, Institute of Molecules and Materials, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Radboud University, FELIX Laboratory, Institute of Molecules and Materials, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J. Boltje
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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7
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Pellegrinelli R, Yue L, Carrascosa E, Ben Faleh A, Warnke S, Bansal P, Rizzo TR. A New Strategy Coupling Ion-Mobility-Selective CID and Cryogenic IR Spectroscopy to Identify Glycan Anomers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:859-864. [PMID: 35437995 PMCID: PMC9074103 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Determining the primary structure of glycans remains challenging due to their isomeric complexity. While high-resolution ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has recently allowed distinguishing between many glycan isomers, the arrival-time distributions (ATDs) frequently exhibit multiple peaks, which can arise from positional isomers, reducing-end anomers, or different conformations. Here, we present the combination of ultrahigh-resolution ion mobility, collision-induced dissociation (CID), and cryogenic infrared (IR) spectroscopy as a systematic method to identify reducing-end anomers of glycans. Previous studies have suggested that high-resolution ion mobility of sodiated glycans is able to separate the two reducing-end anomers. In this case, Y-fragments generated from mobility-separated precursor species should also contain a single anomer at their reducing end. We confirm that this is the case by comparing the IR spectra of selected Y-fragments to those of anomerically pure mono- and disaccharides, allowing the assignment of the mobility-separated precursor and its IR spectrum to a single reducing-end anomer. The anomerically pure precursor glycans can henceforth be rapidly identified on the basis of their IR spectrum alone, allowing them to be distinguished from other isomeric forms.
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8
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Grabarics M, Lettow M, Kirschbaum C, Greis K, Manz C, Pagel K. Mass Spectrometry-Based Techniques to Elucidate the Sugar Code. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7840-7908. [PMID: 34491038 PMCID: PMC9052437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cells encode information in the sequence of biopolymers, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and glycans. Although glycans are essential to all living organisms, surprisingly little is known about the "sugar code" and the biological roles of these molecules. The reason glycobiology lags behind its counterparts dealing with nucleic acids and proteins lies in the complexity of carbohydrate structures, which renders their analysis extremely challenging. Building blocks that may differ only in the configuration of a single stereocenter, combined with the vast possibilities to connect monosaccharide units, lead to an immense variety of isomers, which poses a formidable challenge to conventional mass spectrometry. In recent years, however, a combination of innovative ion activation methods, commercialization of ion mobility-mass spectrometry, progress in gas-phase ion spectroscopy, and advances in computational chemistry have led to a revolution in mass spectrometry-based glycan analysis. The present review focuses on the above techniques that expanded the traditional glycomics toolkit and provided spectacular insight into the structure of these fascinating biomolecules. To emphasize the specific challenges associated with them, major classes of mammalian glycans are discussed in separate sections. By doing so, we aim to put the spotlight on the most important element of glycobiology: the glycans themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márkó Grabarics
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Lettow
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carla Kirschbaum
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Greis
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Manz
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Bansal P, Ben Faleh A, Warnke S, Rizzo TR. Identification of N-glycan positional isomers by combining IMS and vibrational fingerprinting of structurally determinant CID fragments. Analyst 2022; 147:704-711. [PMID: 35079754 PMCID: PMC8842669 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01861b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While glycans are present on the surface of cells in all living organisms and play key roles in most biological processes, their isomeric complexity makes their structural characterization challenging. Of particular importance are positional isomers, for which analytical standards are difficult to obtain. We combine ultrahigh-resolution ion-mobility spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation and cryogenic infrared spectroscopy to determine the structure of N-glycan positional isomers. This approach is based on first separating the parent molecules by SLIM-based IMS, producing diagnostic fragments specific to each positional isomer, separating the fragments by IMS, and identifying them by comparing their IR fingerprints to a previously recorded spectral database. We demonstrate this strategy using a bottom-up scheme to identify the positional isomers of the N-linked glycan G0-N, in which a terminal N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is attached to either the α-3 or α-6 branch of the common N-glycan pentasaccharide core. We then use IR fingerprints of these newly identified isomers to identify the positional isomers of G1 and G1F, which are biantennary complex-type N-glycans with a terminal galactose attached to either the α-3 or α-6 branch, and in the case of G1F a fucose attached to the reducing-end GlcNAc. Starting with just a few analytical standards, this fragment-based spectroscopy method allows us to develop a database which we can use to identify positional isomers. The generalization of this approach would greatly facilitate glycan analysis. We combine high-resolution IMS-IMS with cryogenic vibrational spectroscopy for the indentification of N-glycan positional isomers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bansal
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Ahmed Ben Faleh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Stephan Warnke
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas R Rizzo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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10
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Yatsyna V, Abikhodr AH, Ben Faleh A, Warnke S, Rizzo TR. High-Throughput Multiplexed Infrared Spectroscopy of Ion Mobility-Separated Species Using Hadamard Transform. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2912-2917. [PMID: 35113536 PMCID: PMC8851427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Coupling vibrational
ion spectroscopy with high-resolution ion
mobility separation offers a promising approach for detailed analysis
of biomolecules in the gas phase. Improvements in the ion mobility
technology have made it possible to separate isomers with minor structural
differences, and their interrogation with a tunable infrared laser
provides vibrational fingerprints for unambiguous database-enabled
identification. Nevertheless, wide analytical application of this
technique requires high-throughput approaches for acquisition of vibrational
spectra of all species present in complex mixtures. In this work,
we present a novel multiplexed approach and demonstrate its utility
for cryogenic ion spectroscopy of peptides and glycans in mixtures.
Since the method is based on Hadamard transform multiplexing, it yields
infrared spectra with an increased signal-to-noise ratio compared
to a conventional signal averaging approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Yatsyna
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali H Abikhodr
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Ben Faleh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Warnke
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Rizzo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Marlton SJP, Trevitt A. Laser Photodissocation, Action Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry Unite to Detect and Separate Isomers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9451-9467. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02101c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The separation and detection of isomers remains a challenge for many areas of mass spectrometry. This article highlights laser photodissociation and ion mobility strategies that have been deployed to tackle...
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12
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Hong T, Yin JY, Nie SP, Xie MY. Applications of infrared spectroscopy in polysaccharide structural analysis: Progress, challenge and perspective. Food Chem X 2021; 12:100168. [PMID: 34877528 PMCID: PMC8633561 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional properties of polysaccharides depend on their structural features. IR spectroscopy is widely used in polysaccharide structural analysis. Classical applications of IR spectroscopy in polysaccharide are reviewed. IR integrating techniques can considerably expand its application scope.
Polysaccharides are important biomacromolecules with numerous beneficial functions and a wide range of industrial applications. Functions and properties of polysaccharides are closely related to their structural features. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a well-established technique which has been widely applied in polysaccharide structural analysis. In this paper, the principle of IR and interpretation of polysaccharide IR spectrum are briefly introduced. Classical applications of IR spectroscopy in polysaccharide structural elucidation are reviewed from qualitative and quantitative aspects. Some advanced IR techniques including integrating with mass spectrometry (MS), microscopy and computational chemistry are introduced and their applications are emphasized. These emerging techniques can considerably expand application scope of IR, thus exert a more important effect on carbohydrate characterization. Overall, this review seeks to provide a comprehensive insight to applications of IR spectroscopy in polysaccharide structural analysis and highlights the importance of advanced IR-integrating techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
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13
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Greis K, Kirschbaum C, von Helden G, Pagel K. Gas-phase infrared spectroscopy of glycans and glycoconjugates. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 72:194-202. [PMID: 34952241 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are intrinsically complex biomolecules that pose particular analytical challenges. Standard workflows for glycan analysis are based on mass spectrometry, often coupled with separation techniques such as liquid chromatography and ion mobility spectrometry. However, this approach does not yield direct structural information and cannot always distinguish between isomers. This gap might be filled in the future by gas-phase infrared spectroscopy, which has emerged as a promising structure-sensitive technique for glycan fingerprinting. This review highlights recent applications of gas-phase infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of synthetic and biological glycans and how they can be integrated into mass spectrometry-based workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Greis
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carla Kirschbaum
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gert von Helden
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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Warnke S, Ben Faleh A, Rizzo TR. Toward High-Throughput Cryogenic IR Fingerprinting of Mobility-Separated Glycan Isomers. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2021; 1:157-164. [PMID: 34939078 PMCID: PMC8679095 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool used to infer detailed structural information on molecules, often in conjunction with quantum-chemical calculations. When applied to cryogenically cooled ions, IR spectra provide unique fingerprints that can be used for biomolecular identification. This is particularly important in the analysis of isomeric biopolymers, which are difficult to distinguish using mass spectrometry. However, IR spectroscopy typically requires laser systems that need substantial user attention and measurement times of tens of minutes, which limits its analytical utility. We report here the development of a new high-throughput instrument that combines ultrahigh-resolution ion-mobility spectrometry with cryogenic IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and we apply it to the analysis of isomeric glycans. The ion mobility step, which is based on structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM), separates glycan isomers, and an IR fingerprint spectrum identifies them. An innovative cryogenic ion trap allows multiplexing the acquisition of analyte IR fingerprints following mobility separation, and using a turn-key IR laser, we can obtain spectra and identify isomeric species in less than a minute. This work demonstrates the potential of IR fingerprinting methods to impact the analysis of isomeric biomolecules and more specifically glycans.
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15
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Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for separation and identification of hawthorn fruits by multivariate analysis. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Abikhodr AH, Yatsyna V, Ben Faleh A, Warnke S, Rizzo TR. Identifying Mixtures of Isomeric Human Milk Oligosaccharides by the Decomposition of IR Spectral Fingerprints. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14730-14736. [PMID: 34704745 PMCID: PMC8581968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of glycans presents a significant challenge that arises from their isomeric heterogeneity. While high-resolution ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has shown the ability to resolve subtly different glycan isomers, their unambiguous assignment remains difficult. Here, we demonstrate an infrared (IR) spectroscopic approach for identifying isomers in a glycan mixture. To display the feasibility of this approach, we have constructed a small database of cryogenic spectra of five lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) and six disaccharide isomers and demonstrated that in the cases where they cannot be separated by IMS, we can use a cryogenic IR spectrum to identify the isomeric components of a mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H. Abikhodr
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vasyl Yatsyna
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Ben Faleh
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Warnke
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R. Rizzo
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Donohoo KB, Wang J, Goli M, Yu A, Peng W, Hakim MA, Mechref Y. Advances in mass spectrometry-based glycomics-An update covering the period 2017-2021. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:119-142. [PMID: 34505713 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The wide variety of chemical properties and biological functions found in proteins is attained via post-translational modifications like glycosylation. Covalently bonded to proteins, glycans play a critical role in cell activity. Complex structures with microheterogeneity, the glycan structures that are associated with proteins are difficult to analyze comprehensively. Recent advances in sample preparation methods, separation techniques, and MS have facilitated the quantitation and structural elucidation of glycans. This review focuses on highlighting advances in MS-based techniques for glycomic analysis that occurred over the last 5 years (2017-2021) as an update to the previous review on the subject. The topics of discussion will include progress in glycomic workflow such as glycan release, purification, derivatization, and separation as well as the topics of ionization, tandem MS, and separation techniques that can be coupled with MS. Additionally, bioinformatics tools used for the analysis of glycans will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn B Donohoo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Junyao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Mona Goli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Aiying Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Wenjing Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Md Abdul Hakim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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18
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Skeene K, Khatri K, Soloviev Z, Lapthorn C. Current status and future prospects for ion-mobility mass spectrometry in the biopharmaceutical industry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140697. [PMID: 34246790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Detailed characterization of protein reagents and biopharmaceuticals is key in defining successful drug discovery campaigns, aimed at bringing molecules through different discovery stages up to development and commercialization. There are many challenges in this process, with complex and detailed analyses playing paramount roles in modern industry. Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an essential tool for characterization of proteins ever since the onset of soft ionization techniques and has taken the lead in quality assessment of biopharmaceutical molecules, and protein reagents, used in the drug discovery pipeline. MS use spans from identification of correct sequences, to intact molecule analyses, protein complexes and more recently epitope and paratope identification. MS toolkits could be incredibly diverse and with ever evolving instrumentation, increasingly novel MS-based techniques are becoming indispensable tools in the biopharmaceutical industry. Here we discuss application of Ion Mobility MS (IMMS) in an industrial setting, and what the current applications and outlook are for making IMMS more mainstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Skeene
- Biopharm Process Research, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Kshitij Khatri
- Structure and Function Characterization, CMC-Analytical, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19406, USA.
| | - Zoja Soloviev
- Protein, Cellular and Structural Sciences, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Cris Lapthorn
- Structure and Function Characterization, CMC-Analytical, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
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