1
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Bai Z, Zhao Z, Wang S, Li H, Chen DDY. Ambient mass spectrometry imaging of food natural products by angled direct analysis in real time high-resolution mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2024; 454:139802. [PMID: 38797098 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Direct surface analysis in ambient conditions provides information on the position and chemical composition of an object at the time of investigation. An angled sampling probe is developed in this work for direct analysis in real time (DART) ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. The DART ion source and the interface were modified for improved surface resolution, increased ion transfer efficiency, as well as enabling two-dimensional surface scanning. The angled probe DART-MS system was used for investigating a variety of food samples including fruit peels, ginseng root, plant leaves and sections of radish. Abundant signals and distinct chemical profiles are obtained in seconds, and spatial distribution of different molecules across the sample surfaces can be observed. In addition, the developed system can quickly identify the chemical changes when the surfaces were treated. The method is capable of directly evaluating food sample surfaces with different shapes, hardness, and conditions, without any sample pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiru Bai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhengyan Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Saiting Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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2
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Mathias S, Burns D, Hambidge T, McCullough BJ, Hopley CJ, Douce D, Sage A, Sears P. Assessment of atmospheric solids analysis probe as a tool for the rapid determination of drug purity. Drug Test Anal 2024; 16:807-816. [PMID: 37621075 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The ability to determine the purity (% controlled compound) of drug-of-abuse samples is necessary for public health and law enforcement. Here, we describe the assessment of atmospheric solids analysis probe (ASAP) for the rapid determination of drug purity for a set of formulated pharmaceuticals, chosen due to their availability, uncontrolled status and consistency. Paracetamol and loratadine were used as models of high and low purity compounds being ~90% and ~10% active ingredient, respectively. Individual tablets were ground up and diluted in an internal standard solution. The resulting samples were analysed by ASAP coupled to a Waters QDa mass spectrometer followed by confirmatory testing by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The inclusion of a non-matched internal standard (quinine) improved linearity and repeatability of drug analysis by ASAP-MS. Levels of drug purity using formulated pharmaceutical tablets were found to be highly comparable with results produced by the 'gold standard' LC-MS/MS technique. Rapid determination of drug purity is therefore possible with ASAP-MS for highly concentrated samples with minimal sample preparation. It may be possible to use this deployable system to determine drug purity outside of a laboratory setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mathias
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Daniel Burns
- National Measurement Laboratory, LGC, Teddington, UK
| | | | - Bryan J McCullough
- National Measurement Laboratory, LGC, Teddington, UK
- Waters Corporation, Wilmslow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Patrick Sears
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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3
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Venter AR. Protein analysis by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 39056172 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This review presents progress made in the ambient analysis of proteins, in particular by desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). Related ambient ionization techniques are discussed in comparison to DESI-MS only to illustrate the larger context of protein analysis by ambient ionization mass spectrometry. The review describes early and current approaches for the analysis of undigested proteins, native proteins, tryptic digests, and indirect protein determination through reporter molecules. Applications to mass spectrometry imaging for protein spatial distributions, the identification of posttranslational modifications, determination of binding stoichiometries, and enzymatic transformations are discussed. The analytical capabilities of other ambient ionization techniques such as LESA and nano-DESI currently exceed those of DESI-MS for in situ surface sampling of intact proteins from tissues. This review shows, however, that despite its many limitations, DESI-MS is making valuable contributions to protein analysis. The challenges in sensitivity, spatial resolution, and mass range are surmountable obstacles and further development and improvements to DESI-MS is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre R Venter
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
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4
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Lee D, Ro H, Hwang S, Lee M, Kim H, Heo J, Cha S. Determination of Sulfites in Dried Fruits by Paper Spray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2024; 29:2192. [PMID: 38792053 PMCID: PMC11124160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulfite, a widely used food additive, is subject to regulated labeling. The extraction of sulfite as the stable hydroxymethylsulfonate (HMS) form and its quantitative analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been recognized for their good sensitivity, selectivity, and versatility across various food materials. This study aimed to develop a cost-effective and simpler method for sulfite quantitation, while maintaining the superior sensitivity and selectivity of mass spectrometry (MS). To achieve this, we introduced paper spray ionization (PSI), an ambient desorption ionization technique that could achieve the direct measurement of analytes without employing separation. We also employed a novel internal standard (IS) structurally similar to the analyte, replacing the more expensive isotopically labeled IS. Although the PSI-MS/MS method developed in this study exhibited slightly lower analytical performance compared to the conventional LC-MS/MS, it remained effective for sulfite analysis in dried fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sangwon Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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5
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Sorokin AA, Pekov SI, Zavorotnyuk DS, Shamraeva MM, Bormotov DS, Popov IA. Modern machine-learning applications in ambient ionization mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38671553 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of methods of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS). AIMS has emerged as a powerful analytical tool in recent years, allowing for rapid and sensitive analysis of various samples without the need for extensive sample preparation. The integration of ML/AI algorithms with AIMS has further expanded its capabilities, enabling enhanced data analysis. This review discusses ML/AI algorithms applicable to the AIMS data and highlights the key advancements and potential benefits of utilizing ML/AI in the field of mass spectrometry, with a focus on the AIMS community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly A Sorokin
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Diagnostics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Stanislav I Pekov
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
- Department for Molecular and Biological Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Denis S Zavorotnyuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Diagnostics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Mariya M Shamraeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Diagnostics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Denis S Bormotov
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Diagnostics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Igor A Popov
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Diagnostics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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6
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Lawlor K, Clausen J, Johnston A, Edge A, Wolff K, Castrignanò E, Couchman L. A review of analytical parameters in 'rapid' liquid chromatographic methods for bioanalysis: Can we do better? J Chromatogr A 2024; 1721:464803. [PMID: 38547680 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Rapid bioanalysis is beneficial to many applications. However, how 'rapid' a method is, or could be, is often an unanswered question. In this statistical review, the authors have assessed multiple pre-analytical (i.e. sample preparation), and analytical method parameters specifically for liquid chromatography to assist researchers in developing and validating 'rapid' bioanalytical methods. We restricted the search to urine and plasma matrices only. Data were extracted from over 2,000 recent studies and evaluated to assess how these parameters affected the 'on-instrument' analysis time. In addition to methods using ultra-violet (UV) detection, there were a large number of mass spectrometric (MS) methods, allowing additional review of the differences between high- and low-resolution MS on analysis time. We observed that most (N = 922, 70 %) methods used 5 or 10 cm columns, and that whilst uptake of ultra-high performance (U)HPLC columns was good, the use of sub-5 cm columns and/or flow rates in excess of 1 mL/min was incredibly rare (N = 25, 3 %). The detector of choice for quantitative (U)HPLC-MS remains the triple quadrupole, although a number of groups report the use of high-resolution MS for such methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lawlor
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK; Analytical Services International, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - J Clausen
- Analytical Services International, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - A Johnston
- Analytical Services International, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - A Edge
- Avantor Sciences, The Markham Centre, Station Road, Theale, Reading, RG7 4PE
| | - K Wolff
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK; Drug Control Centre, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - E Castrignanò
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK; Drug Control Centre, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - L Couchman
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK; Analytical Services International, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
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7
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Henderson A, Heaney LM, Rankin-Turner S. Ambient ionisation mass spectrometry for drug and toxin analysis: A review of the recent literature. Drug Test Anal 2024. [PMID: 38326879 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Ambient ionisation mass spectrometry (AIMS) is a form of mass spectrometry whereby analyte ionisation occurs outside of a vacuum source under ambient conditions. This enables the direct analysis of samples in their native state, with little or no sample preparation and without chromatographic separation. The removal of these steps facilitates a much faster analytical process, enabling the direct analysis of samples within minutes if not seconds. Consequently, AIMS has gained rapid popularity across a diverse range of applications, in particular the analysis of drugs and toxins. Numerous fields rely upon mass spectrometry for the detection and identification of drugs, including clinical diagnostics, forensic chemistry, and food safety. However, all of these fields are hindered by the time-consuming and laboratory-confined nature of traditional techniques. As such, the potential for AIMS to resolve these challenges has resulted in a growing interest in ambient ionisation for drug and toxin analysis. Since the early 2000s, forensic science, diagnostic testing, anti-doping, pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis and food safety have all seen a marked increase in AIMS applications, foreshadowing a new future for drug testing. In this review, some of the most promising AIMS techniques for drug analysis will be discussed, alongside different applications of AIMS published over a 5-year period, to provide a summary of the recent research activity for ambient ionisation for drug and toxin analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Henderson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Liam M Heaney
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Stephanie Rankin-Turner
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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8
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Li X, He Y, Li W, Peng Y, Zheng J. Recent Advances in Mass Spectrometry-Based Spatially Resolved Molecular Imaging of Drug Disposition and Metabolomics. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1273-1283. [PMID: 37295949 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometric imaging is a nontargeted, tag-free, high-throughput, and highly responsive analytical approach. The highly accurate molecular visualization detection technology enables qualitative and quantitative analyses of biologic tissues or cells scanned by mass spectrometry in situ, extracting known and unknown multiple compounds, and simultaneously assessing relative contents of targeting molecules by monitoring their molecular ions and pinpointing the spatial locations of those molecules distributed. Five mass spectrometric imaging techniques and their characteristics are introduced in the review, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry, desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The mass spectrometry-based techniques provide the possibility for spatial metabolomics with the capability of high throughput and precision detection. The approaches have been widely employed to spatially image not only metabolome of endogenous amino acids, peptides, proteins, neurotransmitters, and lipids but also the disposition of exogenous chemicals, such as pharmaceutical agents, environmental pollutants, toxicants, natural products, and heavy metals. The techniques also provide us with spatial distribution imaging of analytes in single cells, tissue microregions, organs, and whole animals. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The review article includes an overview of five commonly used mass spectrometers for spatial imaging and describes the advantages and disadvantages of each. Examples of the technology applications cover drug disposition, diseases, and omics. Technical aspects of relative and absolute quantification by mass spectrometric imaging and challenges for future new applications are discussed as well. The reviewed knowledge may benefit the development of new drugs and provide a better understanding of biochemical processes related to physiology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
| | - Ximei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
| | - Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
| | - Jiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
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9
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Muggli TM, Schürch S. Analysis of Pesticide Residues on Fruit Using Swab Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2023; 28:6611. [PMID: 37764387 PMCID: PMC10537605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast quantity and high variety of pesticides globally used in agriculture entails considerable risks for the environment and requires ensuring the safety of food products. Therefore, powerful analytical tools are needed to acquire qualitative and quantitative data for monitoring pesticide residues. The development of ambient ionization mass spectrometry methods in the past two decades has demonstrated numerous ways to generate ions under atmospheric conditions and simultaneously to reduce the need for extended sample preparation and circumvent chromatographic separation prior to mass analysis. Swab spray ionization enables the generation of ions directly from swabs via the application of high voltage and solvent flow. In this study, swab sampling of fruit surfaces and subsequent ionization directly from the swab in a modified electrospray ion source was employed for the screening and quantitation of pesticide residues. Aspects regarding sample collection, sampling efficacy on different surfaces, and swab background are discussed. The effect of solvent composition on pesticide-sodium adduct formation and the suppression of ionization by the background matrix have been investigated. Furthermore, a novel approach for the quantitation of pesticide residues based on depletion curve areas is presented. It is demonstrated that swab spray ionization is an effective and quick method for spectral library-based identification and the quantitative analysis of polar contact pesticide residues on food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Schürch
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
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10
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Xiao Z, Xing Y, Zhu J, Liu Y, Wang J, Liu Q, Huang M, Zhong G. An effective pretreatment technique based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes to reduce the matrix effect in plasma samples analyzed by a new type probe electrospray ionization method. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1263:341268. [PMID: 37225332 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative analysis of drug plasma samples plays an important role in the drug development and drug clinical use. Our research team developed a new electrospray ion source-Micro probe electrospray ionization (μPESI) in the early stage, which was combined with mass spectrometry (μPESI-MS/MS) showing good qualitative and quantitative analysis performance. However, matrix effect severely interfered the sensitivity in μPESI-MS/MS analysis. To solve this problem, we recently developed a Solid-phase purification method based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which was used for removing matrix interfering substances (especially phospholipid compounds) in the preparation of plasma samples, so as to reduce the matrix effect. In this study, aripiprazole (APZ), carbamazepine (CBZ) and omeprazole (OME) were used as representative analytes, the quantitative analysis related to the plasma samples spiked with the analytes above and the mechanism of the MWCNTs to reduce matrix effect were both investigated. Compared with the ordinary protein precipitation, MWCNTs could reduced the matrix effect for several to dozens of times, which resulting from the removement of phospholipid compounds from the plasma samples by MWCNTs in the selective adsorption manner. We further validated the linearity, precision and accuracy of this pretreatment technique by the μPESI-MS/MS method. These parameters all met the requirements of FDA guidelines. It was showed that MWCNTs have a good application prospect in the drug quantitative analysis of plasma samples using the μPESI-ESI-MS/MS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Guangdong RangerBio Technologies Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong, 523000, China.
| | - Yunhui Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Guangdong RangerBio Technologies Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong, 523000, China.
| | - Janshon Zhu
- Guangdong RangerBio Technologies Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong, 523000, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili, Guizhou, 556000, China.
| | - Jinxingyi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili, Guizhou, 556000, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- Guangdong RangerBio Technologies Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong, 523000, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili, Guizhou, 556000, China.
| | - Min Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - GuoPing Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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11
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Zhang S, Liu Q, Qu X, Li Q, Wang R, Tian J, Jiang F, Zhu J, Huang M, Bi H. μPESI-MS/MS System for Screening and Quantitating Drugs in Plasma Samples. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023. [PMID: 37338210 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we developed a novel microprobe electrospray ionization (μPESI) source and its coupled MS (μPESI-MS/MS) system. Here, we aimed to widely validate the μPESI-MS/MS method for quantitative analysis of drugs in plasma samples. Furthermore, the relationship between the quantitative performance of the μPESI-MS/MS method and the physicochemical properties of target drugs was analyzed. The μPESI-MS/MS methods for quantitative analysis of 5 representative drugs with a relatively wide range of molecular weight, pKa, and log P values were developed and validated. The results showed that the linearity, accuracy, and precision of these methods met the requirements of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidance. Then a total of 75 drugs from plasma samples were primarily detected using the μPESI-MS/MS methods, among which 48 drugs could be quantitatively measured. Logistics regression suggested that drugs with significantly greater log P and physiological charge had better quantitative performance using the μPESI-MS/MS method. Collectively, these results clearly demonstrate the practical application of the μPESI-MS/MS system as a rapid approach to the quantitative analysis of drugs in plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China, 510006
| | - Qian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China, 510006
- Guangdong RangerBio Technologies Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong China, 523000
| | - Xiangyang Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China, 510006
| | - Qiaoxi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China, 510006
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China, 510006
| | - Jianing Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China, 510006
| | - Fulin Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China, 510006
| | - Janshon Zhu
- Guangdong RangerBio Technologies Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong China, 523000
| | - Min Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China, 510006
| | - Huichang Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China, 510006
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China, 510515
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12
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Pumbua R, Sricharoen N, Wongravee K, Praneenararat T. Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry as an Effective Tool for Differentiating Coffees Based on Their Geographical Origins. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100624. [PMID: 37122555 PMCID: PMC10139933 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rising trend of valuing flavor complexity of coffees, means to distinguish the properties of individual coffee sources is vital to the sustainable growth of the coffee industry. Herein, paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS), a simple technique with little sample preparation, was used to collect mass data from aqueous extracts of coffees from various sources. Thereafter, principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis were used to successfully classify coffee samples (with 80-100 % accuracy) from various studies including the differentiations of Arabica and Robusta coffees, Arabica coffees from different countries, Robusta coffees from different geographical locations, and Arabica coffees from different locations within the same province in Thailand. With further insight from significant test via Fisher weight determination, this method was proved to be practical for differentiating coffees based on types and geographical origins, thus paving the way for broader applications.
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13
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Current Developments of Analytical Methodologies for Aflatoxins' Determination in Food during the Last Decade (2013-2022), with a Particular Focus on Nuts and Nut Products. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030527. [PMID: 36766055 PMCID: PMC9914313 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide a clear overview of the most important analytical development in aflatoxins analysis during the last decade (2013-2022) with a particular focus on nuts and nuts-related products. Aflatoxins (AFs), a group of mycotoxins produced mainly by certain strains of the genus Aspergillus fungi, are known to impose a serious threat to human health. Indeed, AFs are considered carcinogenic to humans, group 1, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Since these toxins can be found in different food commodities, food control organizations worldwide impose maximum levels of AFs for commodities affected by this threat. Thus, they represent a cumbersome issue in terms of quality control, analytical result reliability, and economical losses. It is, therefore, mandatory for food industries to perform analysis on potentially contaminated commodities before the trade. A full perspective of the whole analytical workflow, considering each crucial step during AFs investigation, namely sampling, sample preparation, separation, and detection, will be presented to the reader, focusing on the main challenges related to the topic. A discussion will be primarily held regarding sample preparation methodologies such as partitioning, solid phase extraction (SPE), and immunoaffinity (IA) related methods. This will be followed by an overview of the leading analytical techniques for the detection of aflatoxins, in particular liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to a fluorescence detector (FLD) and/or mass spectrometry (MS). Moreover, the focus on the analytical procedure will not be specific only to traditional methodologies, such as LC, but also to new direct approaches based on imaging and the ability to detect AFs, reducing the need for sample preparation and separative techniques.
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14
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Yue H, He F, Zhao Z, Duan Y. Plasma-based ambient mass spectrometry: Recent progress and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:95-130. [PMID: 34128567 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) has grown as a group of advanced analytical techniques that allow for the direct sampling and ionization of the analytes in different statuses from their native environment without or with minimum sample pretreatments. As a significant category of AMS, plasma-based AMS has gained a lot of attention due to its features that allow rapid, real-time, high-throughput, in vivo, and in situ analysis in various fields, including bioanalysis, pharmaceuticals, forensics, food safety, and mass spectrometry imaging. Tens of new methods have been developed since the introduction of the first plasma-based AMS technique direct analysis in real-time. This review first provides a comprehensive overview of the established plasma-based AMS techniques from their ion source configurations, mechanisms, and developments. Then, the progress of the representative applications in various scientific fields in the past 4 years (January 2017 to January 2021) has been summarized. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and propose the future directions of plasma-based AMS from our perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlu Yue
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feiyao He
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongjun Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Comparison of Glyphosate Detection by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using Gold and Silver Nanoparticles at Different Laser Excitations. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185767. [PMID: 36144498 PMCID: PMC9502363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is one of the most widely used pesticides in the world, but it has been shown to persist in the environment and therefore needs to be detected in food. In this work, the detection of glyphosate by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) using gold and silver nanoparticles and three different commonly used laser excitations (532, 632, and 785 nm wavelengths) of a Raman microscope complemented with a portable Raman spectrometer with 785 nm excitation is compared. The silver and gold nanosphere SERS substrates were prepared by chemical synthesis. In addition, colorimetric detection of glyphosate using cysteamine-modified gold and silver nanoparticles was also tested. The best results were obtained with Ag NPs at 532 nm excitation with a detection limit of 1 mM and with Au nanoparticles at 785 nm excitation with a detection limit of 100 µM. The SERS spectra of glyphosate with cysteamine-modified silver NPs improved the detection limits by two orders of magnitude for 532 nm excitation, i.e., up to 10 µM, and by one order of magnitude for 632 and 785 nm excitation wavelengths.
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16
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Lin Q, Sun J, Wang Y, Ye M, Cheng H. Rapid determination of aldehydes in food by high-throughput reactive paper spray ionization mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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17
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Abstract
The extensive use of pesticides represents a risk to human health. Consequently, legal frameworks have been established to ensure food safety, including control programs for pesticide residues. In this context, the performance of analytical methods acquires special relevance. Such methods are expected to be able to determine the largest number of compounds at trace concentration levels in complex food matrices, which represents a great analytical challenge. Technical advances in mass spectrometry (MS) have led to the development of more efficient analytical methods for the determination of pesticides. This review provides an overview of current analytical strategies applied in pesticide analysis, with a special focus on MS methods. Current targeted MS methods allow the simultaneous determination of hundreds of pesticides, whereas non-targeted MS methods are now applicable to the identification of pesticide metabolites and transformation products. New trends in pesticide analysis are also presented, including approaches for the simultaneous determination of pesticide residues and other food contaminants (i.e., mega-methods), or the recent application of techniques such as ion mobility–mass spectrometry (IM–MS) for this purpose.
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18
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Wahab S, Muzammil K, Nasir N, Khan MS, Ahmad MF, Khalid M, Ahmad W, Dawria A, Reddy LKV, Busayli AM. Advancement and New Trends in Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food: A Comprehensive Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1106. [PMID: 35567107 PMCID: PMC9105315 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Food safety is a rising challenge worldwide due to the expanding population and the need to produce food to feed the growing population. At the same time, pesticide residues found in high concentrations in fresh agriculture pose a significant threat to food safety. Presently, crop output is being increased by applying herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, pesticides, fertilizers, nematicides, and soil amendments. A combination of factors, including bioaccumulation, widespread usage, selective toxicity, and stability, make pesticides among the most toxic compounds polluting the environment. They are especially harmful in vegetables and fruits because people are exposed to them. Thus, it is critical to monitor pesticide levels in fruits and vegetables using all analytical techniques available. Any evaluation of the condition of pesticide contamination in fruits and vegetables necessitates knowledge of maximum residue levels (MRLs). We set out the problems in determining various types of pesticides in vegetables and fruits, including the complexity and the diversity of matrices in biological materials. This review examines the different analytical techniques to determine the target analytes that must be isolated before final consumption. Many processes involved determining pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables and their advantages and disadvantages have been discussed with recommendations. Furthermore, MRLs of target pesticide residues in fruit and vegetable samples are discussed in the context of data from the literature. The review also examines MRLs' impact on the international trade of fruits and vegetables. Accurate, sensitive, and robust analytical procedures are critical to ensuring that pesticide levels in food products are effectively regulated. Despite advances in detection technology, effective sample preparation procedures for pesticide residue measurement in cereals and feedstuffs are still needed. In addition, these methods must be compatible with current analytical techniques. Multi-residue approaches that cover a wide range of pesticides are desired, even though pesticides' diverse natures, classes, and physio-chemical characteristics make such methods challenging to assemble. This review will be valuable to food analysts and regulatory authorities to monitor the quality and safety of fresh food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khursheed Muzammil
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait, King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Nazim Nasir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait, King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Suhail Khan
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait, King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Safaa, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adam Dawria
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Abdulrahman Mohammed Busayli
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (A.M.B.)
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19
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Rapid authentication of Chinese oolong teas using atmospheric solids analysis probe-mass spectrometry (ASAP-MS) combined with supervised pattern recognition models. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Research Progress of Applying Infrared Spectroscopy Technology for Detection of Toxic and Harmful Substances in Food. Foods 2022; 11:foods11070930. [PMID: 35407017 PMCID: PMC8997473 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, food safety incidents have been frequently reported. Food or raw materials themselves contain substances that may endanger human health and are called toxic and harmful substances in food, which can be divided into endogenous, exogenous toxic, and harmful substances and biological toxins. Therefore, realizing the rapid, efficient, and nondestructive testing of toxic and harmful substances in food is of great significance to ensure food safety and improve the ability of food safety supervision. Among the nondestructive detection methods, infrared spectroscopy technology has become a powerful solution for detecting toxic and harmful substances in food with its high efficiency, speed, easy operation, and low costs, while requiring less sample size and is nondestructive, and has been widely used in many fields. In this review, the concept and principle of IR spectroscopy in food are briefly introduced, including NIR and FTIR. Then, the main progress and contribution of IR spectroscopy are summarized, including the model’s establishment, technical application, and spectral optimization in grain, fruits, vegetables, and beverages. Moreover, the limitations and development prospects of detection are discussed. It is anticipated that infrared spectroscopy technology, in combination with other advanced technologies, will be widely used in the whole food safety field.
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21
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Fabregat-Safont D, Ibáñez M, Hernández F, Sancho JV. Development of a simple and low-cost prototype probe fully-compatible with atmospheric solids analysis probe for the analysis of human breath in real-time. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Kasperkiewicz A, Lendor S, Pawliszyn J. Impact of pesticide formulation excipients and employed analytical approach on relative matrix effects of pesticide determination in strawberries. Talanta 2022; 236:122825. [PMID: 34635215 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Relative matrix effects between an ambient mass spectrometric technique known as coated blade spray (CBS) and liquid chromatographic separation approach when applied to multiresidue pesticide analysis in strawberry samples are explored. Acceptable slope relative standard deviations (RSD <15 %) were observed for the 9 compounds under study for both CBS-MS/MS (2.2-12.6 %) and LC-MS/MS (2.8-12.9 %) approaches. The findings signify both the elimination of relative matrix effects with the sample preparation and matrix match calibration with internal standard correction methods employed along with no matrix effect compromise made when using the direct-to-MS approach. Similarly, slopes of pesticides spiked from commercially available formulations (containing one or two pesticides) were found to not differ significantly from slopes generated with multiresidue pesticide standards (containing 24 additional pesticides besides the target 9 analytes) with either technique, highlighting the resistance of the employed methods to the excipients present in pesticide formulations in large amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia Lendor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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23
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Shelver WL, Chakrabarty S, Young JM, Byrd CJ, Smith DJ. Evaluation of rapid and standard tandem mass spectrometric methods to analyse veterinary drugs and their metabolites in antemortem bodily fluids from food animals. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 39:462-474. [PMID: 34939883 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.2006801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Antemortem bodily fluids can serve as an indicator of veterinary medicine exposure prior to food animal slaughter. A multi-residue, rapid screen electrospray ionisation mass spectrometric (RS-ESI-MS) method was developed to analyse 10 veterinary drugs or metabolites (clenbuterol, erythromycin, flunixin, 5-hydroxyflunixin, meloxicam, ractopamine, ractopamine-glucuronide, salbutamol, tylosin, and zilpaterol) in hog oral fluid and bovine urine. Simple acetonitrile extraction with salting-out was employed to remove the analytes from matrices in less than 30 minutes. Instrumental analysis time was < 1 min/injection. Regression coefficients of matrix-matched calibration curves ranged 0.9743-0.9999 across all compounds with limits of detection ranging from 0.46-108 ng mL-1 for cattle urine and 0.19-64.4 ng mL-1 for hog oral fluid across all analytes. Except for ractopamine-glucuronide, analyte recoveries ranged from 92.7-106% for oral fluid and urine fortified at 30, 100, and 300 ng mL-1, with inter-day variations of < 25%. Ractopamine-glucuronide recovery was 93.3% for oral fluid fortified at 300 ng mL-1. The RS-ESI-MS method accurately identified ractopamine and/or ractopamine-glucuronide in incurred cattle urine with results correlating well with traditional LC-MS/MS and HPLC fluorescence methods. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of the direct quantification of ractopamine-glucuronide from biological matrices without lengthy hydrolysis and cleanup steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin L Shelver
- Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Fargo, ND, USA
| | | | - Jennifer M Young
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Christopher J Byrd
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - David J Smith
- Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Fargo, ND, USA
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24
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Geballa-Koukoula A, Gerssen A, Blokland MH, Elliott CT, Pawliszyn J, Nielen MWF. Immuno-Enriched Microspheres - Magnetic Blade Spray-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Domoic Acid in Mussels. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15736-15743. [PMID: 34726384 PMCID: PMC8637537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic microspheres can be used in planar array fluorescence immunoassays for single or multiplex screening of food contaminants. However, no confirmation of the molecular identity is obtained. Coated blade spray (CBS) is a direct ionization mass spectrometry (MS) technique, and when combined with triple quadrupole MS/MS, it allows for rapid confirmation of food contaminants. The lack of chromatography in CBS, though, compromises the specificity of the measurement for unequivocal identification of contaminants, based on the European Union (EU) regulation. Therefore, a rapid and easy-to-use immuno-magnetic blade spray (iMBS) method was developed in which immuno-enriched paramagnetic microspheres replace the coating of CBS. The iMBS-MS/MS method was fully optimized, validated in-house following the EU 2021/808 regulation, and benchmarked against a commercial lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for on-site screening of DA. The applicability of iMBS-MS/MS was further demonstrated by analyzing incurred mussel samples. The combination of immunorecognition and MS/MS detection in iMBS-MS/MS enhances the measurement's selectivity, which is demonstrated by the rapid differentiation between the marine toxin domoic acid (DA) and its structural analog kainic acid (KA), which cannot be achieved with the LFIA alone. Interestingly, this first-ever reported iMBS-MS/MS method is generic and can be adapted to include any other immuno-captured food contaminant, provided that monoclonal antibodies are available, thus offering a complementary confirmatory analysis approach to multiplex immunoassay screening methods. Moreover, thanks to its speed of analysis, iMBS-MS/MS can bridge the logistics gap between future large-scale on-site testings using LFIAs and classical time-consuming confirmatory MS analysis performed in official control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadni Geballa-Koukoula
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Gerssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco H Blokland
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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25
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26
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Li Y, Chen J, Meng L, He L, Liu H, Xiong C, Nie Z. Pocket-Size "MasSpec Pointer" for Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13326-13333. [PMID: 34569226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Current ambient ionization sources for mass spectrometry (MS) are typically connected to gas cylinders, high-voltage supply, injection pump, and other accessory equipment, which hinder the popularization of MS in the field of on-site detection. Here, we developed a wireless pocket-size "MasSpec Pointer" (weights 65 g) based on arc discharge powered by a 3.7 V polymer Li battery for ambient ionization MS. A high voltage of 5600 V and 20 kHz was generated from the boost coil to penetrate air and form a plasma. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the high-voltage pulses is 3.8%, leading to a stable discharge and a good quantification performance. A mini diaphragm pump was used to cool the plasma from ∼600 to ∼40 °C and to blow the plasma into a jet, which facilitates sampling. MasSpec Pointer can work well at both positive- and negative-ion modes without any modification and can quickly test gaseous, liquid, or solid samples. The limit of detection of this device for atrazine (an agrochemical) is lower than 0.1 ng/mL. MasSpec Pointer has shown its ability to pinpoint the double-bond location of fatty acid isomers without derivatization reagents or light illumination. Agrochemicals from the surface of an apple and daily chemicals from the surface of a finger were detected successfully using MasSpec Pointer coupled with a miniature mass spectrometer. We believe the "point-and-shoot" device coupled with mini-MS brings the hope for an age of detecting chemicals on-site by nonprofessionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingwei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liuying He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Caiqiao Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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27
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Francischini DS, Arruda MA. When a picture is worth a thousand words: Molecular and elemental imaging applied to environmental analysis – A review. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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van Wasen S, You Y, Beck S, Riedel J, Volmer DA. Quantitative Analysis of Pharmaceutical Drugs Using a Combination of Acoustic Levitation and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6019-6024. [PMID: 33835771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A combination of acoustic levitation, laser vaporization, and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) is presented in this study that enabled sensitive analysis of pharmaceutical drugs from an aqueous sample matrix. An unfocused pulsed infrared laser provided contactless sample desorption from the droplets trapped inside an acoustic levitator by activation of the OH stretching band of aqueous and alcoholic solvents. Subsequent atmospheric pressure chemical ionization was used between the levitated droplet and the mass spectrometer for postionization. In this setup, the unfocused laser gently desorbed the analytes by applying very mild repulsive forces. Detailed plume formation studies by temporally resolved schlieren experiments were used to characterize the liquid gas transition in this process. In addition, the role of different additives and solvent composition was examined during the ionization process. The analytical application of the technique and the proof-of-concept for quantitative analysis were demonstrated by the determination of selected pharmaceutical drugs in aqueous matrix with limits of quantification at the lower nanomolar level and a linear dynamic range of 3-4 orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian van Wasen
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yi You
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Riedel
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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29
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Martins RO, de Araújo GL, de Freitas CS, Silva AR, Simas RC, Vaz BG, Chaves AR. Miniaturized sample preparation techniques and ambient mass spectrometry as approaches for food residue analysis. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1640:461949. [PMID: 33556677 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Analytical methods such as liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) are widely used techniques for the analyses of different classes of compounds. This is due to their highlighted capacity for separating and identifying components in complex matrices such food samples. However, in most cases, effective analysis of the target analyte becomes challenging due to the complexity of the sample, especially for quantification of trace concentrations. In this case, miniaturized sample preparation methods have been used as a strategy for analysis of complex matrices. This involves removing the interferents and concentrating the analytes in a sample. These methods combine simplicity and effectiveness and given their miniaturized scale, they are in accordance with green chemistry precepts. Besides, ambient mass spectrometry represents a new trend in fast and rapid analyses, especially for qualitative and screening analysis. However, for complex matrix analyses, sample preparation is still a difficult step and the miniaturized sample preparation techniques show great potential for an improved and widespread use of ambient mass spectrometry techniques. . This review aims to contribute as an overview of current miniaturized sample preparation techniques and ambient mass spectrometry methods as different approaches for selective and sensitive analysis of residues in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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