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Pardo A, Gomez-Florit M, Davidson MD, Öztürk-Öncel MÖ, Domingues RMA, Burdick JA, Gomes ME. Hierarchical Design of Tissue-Mimetic Fibrillar Hydrogel Scaffolds. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303167. [PMID: 38400658 PMCID: PMC11209813 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Most tissues of the human body present hierarchical fibrillar extracellular matrices (ECMs) that have a strong influence over their physicochemical properties and biological behavior. Of great interest is the introduction of this fibrillar structure to hydrogels, particularly due to the water-rich composition, cytocompatibility, and tunable properties of this class of biomaterials. Here, the main bottom-up fabrication strategies for the design and production of hierarchical biomimetic fibrillar hydrogels and their most representative applications in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are reviewed. For example, the controlled assembly/arrangement of peptides, polymeric micelles, cellulose nanoparticles (NPs), and magnetically responsive nanostructures, among others, into fibrillar hydrogels is discussed, as well as their potential use as fibrillar-like hydrogels (e.g., those from cellulose NPs) with key biofunctionalities such as electrical conductivity or remote stimulation. Finally, the major remaining barriers to the clinical translation of fibrillar hydrogels and potential future directions of research in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pardo
- 3B’s Research Group I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Zona Industrial da Gandra Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal; ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Colloids and Polymers Physics Group, Particle Physics Department, Materials Institute (iMATUS), and Health Research Institute (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Gomez-Florit
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering (TERCIT), Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Matthew D. Davidson
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - M. Özgen Öztürk-Öncel
- 3B’s Research Group I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Zona Industrial da Gandra Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal; ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui M. A. Domingues
- 3B’s Research Group I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Zona Industrial da Gandra Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal; ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3B’s Research Group I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Zona Industrial da Gandra Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal; ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Li W, Hu J, Chen C, Li X, Zhang H, Xin Y, Tian Q, Wang S. Emerging advances in hydrogel-based therapeutic strategies for tissue regeneration. Regen Ther 2023; 24:459-471. [PMID: 37772128 PMCID: PMC10523184 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant developments in cell therapy and biomaterial science have broadened the therapeutic landscape of tissue regeneration. Tissue damage is a complex biological process in which different types of cells play a specific role in repairing damaged tissues and growth factors strictly regulate the activity of these cells. Hydrogels have become promising biomaterials for tissue regeneration if appropriate materials are selected and the hydrogel properties are well-regulated. Importantly, they can be used as carriers for living cells and growth factors due to the high water-holding capacity, high permeability, and good biocompatibility of hydrogels. Cell-loaded hydrogels can play an essential role in treating damaged tissues and open new avenues for cell therapy. There is ample evidence substantiating the ability of hydrogels to facilitate the delivery of cells (stem cell, macrophage, chondrocyte, and osteoblast) and growth factors (bone morphogenetic protein, transforming growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor). This paper reviewed the latest advances in hydrogels loaded with cells or growth factors to promote the reconstruction of tissues. Furthermore, we discussed the shortcomings of the application of hydrogels in tissue engineering to promote their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yanru Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Qingchang Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
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Liu C, Zhang X, Zhao L, Hui L, Liu D. Multilayer amnion-PCL nanofibrous membrane loaded with celecoxib exerts a therapeutic effect against tendon adhesion by improving the inflammatory microenvironment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23214. [PMID: 38144330 PMCID: PMC10746461 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon adhesion is a common complication after tendon surgery. The inflammatory phase of tendon healing is characterized by the release of a large number of inflammatory factors, whose mediated excessive inflammatory response is an important cause of tendon adhesion formation. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) were used to prevent tendon adhesions by reducing the inflammatory response. However, recent studies have shown that the NSAIDs partially impairs tendon healing. Therefore, optimizing the anti-adhesive membrane loaded with NSAIDs to mitigate the effects on tendon healing requires further in-depth study. Amniotic membranes(AM) are natural polymeric semi-permeable membranes from living organisms that are rich in matrix, growth factors, and other active ingredients. In this study, we used electrostatic spinning technology to construct multifunctional nanofiber membranes of the PCL membrane loaded with celecoxib and AM. In vitro cellular assays revealed that celecoxib-loaded PCL membranes significantly inhibited the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts with increasing concentrations of celecoxib. In a rabbit tendon repair model, biomechanical tests further confirmed that the PCL membrane loaded with celecoxib had better anti-adhesion effects. Further experimental studies revealed that the PCL/AM membrane improved the inflammatory microenvironment by downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as COX-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α proteins; and inhibiting the synthesis of COL I and COL Ⅲ. The PCL/AM membrane can continuously release celecoxib to reduce the inflammatory response and deliver growth factors to the damaged area to build a suitable microenvironment for tendon repair, which provides a new direction to improve the repair efficiency of tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Liu
- Xingtai People's Hospital Postdoctoral Workstation, Xingtai People's Hospital, No.16, Hongxing Street, Xingtai 054031, China
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station, Hebei Medical University, No.361, Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangshan Workers Hospital, No.27, Wenhua Road, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Xiaochong Zhang
- Department of Research and Education, Xingtai People's Hospital, No.16, Hongxing Street, Xingtai 054031, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Xingtai People's Hospital Postdoctoral Workstation, Xingtai People's Hospital, No.16, Hongxing Street, Xingtai 054031, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xingtai People's Hospital, No.16, Hongxing Street, Xingtai 054031, China
| | - Limin Hui
- Department of Gynecology, Xingtai People's Hospital, No.16, Hongxing Street, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Dengxiang Liu
- Institute of Cancer Control, Xingtai People's Hospital, No.16, Hongxing Street, Xingtai 054001, China
- Xingtai Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Liver Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension, Xingtai People's Hospital, No.16, Hongxing Street, Xingtai 054001, China
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Zhang D, Li Z, Yang L, Ma H, Chen H, Zeng X. Architecturally designed sequential-release hydrogels. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122388. [PMID: 37980822 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Drug synergy has made significant strides in clinical applications in recent decades. However, achieving a platform that enables "single administration, multi-stage release" by emulating the natural physiological processes of the human body poses a formidable challenge in the field of molecular pharmaceutics. Hydrogels, as the novel generation of drug delivery systems, have gained widespread utilization in drug platforms owing to their exceptional biocompatibility and modifiability. Sequential drug delivery hydrogels (SDDHs), which amalgamate the advantages of hydrogel and sequential release platforms, offer a promising solution for effectively navigating the intricate human environment and accomplishing drug sequential release. Inspired by architectural design, this review establishes connections between three pivotal factors in SDDHs construction, namely mechanisms, carrier spatial structure, and stimuli-responsiveness, and three aspects of architectural design, specifically building materials, house structures, and intelligent interactive furniture, aiming at providing insights into recent developments in SDDHs. Furthermore, the dual-drug collocation and cutting-edge hydrogel preparation technologies as well as the prevailing challenges in the field were elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Zimu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Hualin Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Hongzhong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Xiaowei Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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Coaxial TP/APR electrospun nanofibers for programmed controlling inflammation and promoting bone regeneration in periodontitis-related alveolar bone defect models. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100438. [PMID: 36193342 PMCID: PMC9526238 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a pathological dental condition that damages the periodontal tissue and leads to tooth loss. Bone regeneration in periodontitis-related alveolar bone defects remains a challenge for periodontists and tissue engineers because of the complex periodontal microenvironment. The inflammatory microenvironment is associated with poor osteogenesis; therefore, the reduction of inflammation is essential for bone regeneration in periodontitis-related alveolar bone defects. Here, we developed a programmed core-shell nanofibers that allows the sequential and controlled release of tea polyphenols (TP) and AdipoRon (APR) to control inflammation and promote bone regeneration to repair periodontitis-related alveolar bone defects. Core-shell nanofibers with a sequentially controlled release function were synthesized using electrospinning. We investigated the therapeutic effects of the nanofibers in vitro and in a mouse periodontitis model. The results of the release profiles demonstrated that TP was released rapidly in the early stages and APR was continuously released thereafter. In vitro experiments showed that the programmed core-shell nanofibers reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and increased osteogenic differentiation in an inflammatory microenvironment. In vivo experiments, the programmed core-shell nanofibers ameliorated periodontal tissue inflammation and improved alveolar bone regeneration. Our results indicated that the programmed core-shell nanofibers with a sequential-release function provides an ideal strategy for repairing periodontitis-related alveolar bone defects, and its application in the treatment of diseases with spatiotemporal specificity is promising.
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Dynamics of Endothelial Engagement and Filopodia Formation in Complex 3D Microscaffolds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052415. [PMID: 35269558 PMCID: PMC8910162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of endothelium–extracellular matrix interactions during the initiation of new blood vessels is of great medical importance; however, the mechanobiological principles governing endothelial protrusive behaviours in 3D microtopographies remain imperfectly understood. In blood capillaries submitted to angiogenic factors (such as vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF), endothelial cells can transiently transdifferentiate in filopodia-rich cells, named tip cells, from which angiogenesis processes are locally initiated. This protrusive state based on filopodia dynamics contrasts with the lamellipodia-based endothelial cell migration on 2D substrates. Using two-photon polymerization, we generated 3D microstructures triggering endothelial phenotypes evocative of tip cell behaviour. Hexagonal lattices on pillars (“open”), but not “closed” hexagonal lattices, induced engagement from the endothelial monolayer with the generation of numerous filopodia. The development of image analysis tools for filopodia tracking allowed to probe the influence of the microtopography (pore size, regular vs. elongated structures, role of the pillars) on orientations, engagement and filopodia dynamics, and to identify MLCK (myosin light-chain kinase) as a key player for filopodia-based protrusive mode. Importantly, these events occurred independently of VEGF treatment, suggesting that the observed phenotype was induced through microtopography. These microstructures are proposed as a model research tool for understanding endothelial cell behaviour in 3D fibrillary networks.
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Prendergast ME, Davidson MD, Burdick JA. A biofabrication method to align cells within bioprinted photocrosslinkable and cell-degradable hydrogel constructs via embedded fibers. Biofabrication 2021; 13:10.1088/1758-5090/ac25cc. [PMID: 34507304 PMCID: PMC8603602 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac25cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of biochemical and biophysical cues that control cell behaviors and bulk mechanical properties. For example, anisotropy of the ECM and cell alignment are essential in the directional properties of tissues such as myocardium, tendon, and the knee meniscus. Technologies are needed to introduce anisotropic behavior into biomaterial constructs that can be used for the engineering of tissues as models and towards translational therapies. To address this, we developed an approach to align hydrogel fibers within cell-degradable bioink filaments with extrusion printing, where shear stresses during printing align fibers and photocrosslinking stabilizes the fiber orientation. Suspensions of hydrogel fibers were produced through the mechanical fragmentation of electrospun scaffolds of norbornene-modified hyaluronic acid, which were then encapsulated with meniscal fibrochondrocytes, mesenchymal stromal cells, or cardiac fibroblasts within gelatin-methacrylamide bioinks during extrusion printing into agarose suspension baths. Bioprinting parameters such as the needle diameter and the bioink flow rate influenced shear profiles, whereas the suspension bath properties and needle translation speed influenced filament diameters and uniformity. When optimized, filaments were formed with high levels of fiber alignment, which resulted in directional cell spreading during culture over one week. Controls that included bioprinted filaments without fibers or non-printed hydrogels of the same compositions either with or without fibers resulted in random cell spreading during culture. Further, constructs were printed with variable fiber and resulting cell alignment by varying print direction or using multi-material printing with and without fibers. This biofabrication technology advances our ability to fabricate constructs containing aligned cells towards tissue repair and the development of physiological tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Prendergast
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Matthew D Davidson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
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Sharma D, Satapathy BK. Polymer Substrate-Based Transition Metal Modified Electrospun Nanofibrous Materials: Current Trends in Functional Applications and Challenges. POLYM REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.1972006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhabani K. Satapathy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Miller B, Hansrisuk A, Highley CB, Caliari SR. Guest-Host Supramolecular Assembly of Injectable Hydrogel Nanofibers for Cell Encapsulation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4164-4174. [PMID: 33891397 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The fibrous architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is recognized as an integral regulator of cell function. However, there is an unmet need to develop mechanically robust biomaterials mimicking nanofibrous tissue topography that are also injectable to enable minimally invasive delivery. In this study, we have developed a fibrous hydrogel composed of supramolecularly assembled hyaluronic acid (HA) nanofibers that exhibits mechanical integrity, shear-thinning behavior, rapid self-healing, and cytocompatibility. HA was modified with methacrylates to permit fiber photo-cross-linking following electrospinning and either "guest" adamantane or "host" β-cyclodextrin groups to guide supramolecular fibrous hydrogel assembly. Analysis of fibrous hydrogel rheological properties showed that the mixed guest-host fibrous hydrogel was more mechanically robust (6.6 ± 2.0 kPa, storage modulus (G')) than unmixed guest hydrogel fibers (1.0 ± 0.1 kPa) or host hydrogel fibers (1.1 ± 0.1 kPa) separately. The reversible nature of the guest-host supramolecular interactions also allowed for shear-thinning and self-healing behavior as demonstrated by cyclic deformation testing. Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) encapsulated in fibrous hydrogels demonstrated satisfactory viability following injection and after 7 days of culture (>85%). Encapsulated hMSCs were more spread and elongated when cultured in viscoelastic guest-host hydrogels compared to nonfibrous elastic controls, with hMSCs also showing significantly decreased circularity in fibrous guest-host hydrogels compared to nonfibrous guest-host hydrogels. Together, these data highlight the potential of this injectable fibrous hydrogel platform for cell and tissue engineering applications requiring minimally invasive delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Audrey Hansrisuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Christopher B Highley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Steven R Caliari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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