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Erokhin KS, Pentsak EO, Sorokin VR, Agaev YV, Zaytsev RG, Isaeva VI, Ananikov VP. Dynamic behavior of metal nanoparticles in MOF materials: analysis with electron microscopy and deep learning. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21640-21648. [PMID: 37551526 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02595k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Electron microscopy is a key characterization technique for nanoscale systems, and electron microscopy images are typically recorded and analyzed in terms of the morphology of the objects under study in static mode. The emerging current trend is to analyze the dynamic behavior at the nanoscale observed during electron microscopy measurements. In this work, the study of the stability of MOF structures with different compositions and topologies under conditions of an electron microscope experiment revealed an unusual dynamic behavior of M NPs formed due to the electron-beam-induced transformation of specific frameworks. The transition to the liquid phase led to spatial movement, rapid sintering, and an increase in the M NPs size within seconds. In the case of copper nanoparticles, instantaneous sublimation was observed. The dynamic behavior of Co NPs was analyzed with a computational framework combining deep learning and classic computer vision techniques. The present study for the first time revealed unique information about the stability of a variety of MOFs under an electron beam and the dynamic behavior of the formed M NPs. The formation of Fe, Ni, Cu, and Co NPs was observed from a molecular framework with a specific subsequent behavior - a stable form for Fe, excessive dynamics for Co, and sublimation/condensation for Cu. Two important outcomes of the present study should be mentioned: (i) electron microscopy investigations of MOF samples should be made with care, as decomposition under an electron beam may lead to incorrect results and the appearance of "phantom" nanoparticles; and (ii) MOFs represent an excellent model for fundamental studies of molecular-to-nano transitions in situ in video mode, including a number of dynamic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill S Erokhin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Evgeniy O Pentsak
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Vyacheslav R Sorokin
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia
| | - Yury V Agaev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia
| | - Roman G Zaytsev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia
| | - Vera I Isaeva
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia
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Sun Q, Boddapati L, Wang L, Li J, Deepak FL. In Situ Observations Reveal the Five-fold Twin-Involved Growth of Gold Nanorods by Particle Attachment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:796. [PMID: 36903675 PMCID: PMC10005194 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Crystallization plays a critical role in determining crystal size, purity and morphology. Therefore, uncovering the growth dynamics of nanoparticles (NPs) atomically is important for the controllable fabrication of nanocrystals with desired geometry and properties. Herein, we conducted in situ atomic-scale observations on the growth of Au nanorods (NRs) by particle attachment within an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope (AC-TEM). The results show that the attachment of spherical colloidal Au NPs with a size of about 10 nm involves the formation and growth of neck-like (NL) structures, followed by five-fold twin intermediate states and total atomic rearrangement. The statistical analyses show that the length and diameter of Au NRs can be well regulated by the number of tip-to-tip Au NPs and the size of colloidal Au NPs, respectively. The results highlight five-fold twin-involved particle attachment in spherical Au NPs with a size of 3-14 nm, and provide insights into the fabrication of Au NRs using irradiation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
- Research Center for Crystal Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Loukya Boddapati
- Nanostructured Materials Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Linan Wang
- Research Center for Crystal Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Research Center for Crystal Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Francis Leonard Deepak
- Nanostructured Materials Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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3
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Abstract
Nucleation and growth are critical steps in crystallization, which plays an important role in determining crystal structure, size, morphology, and purity. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of nucleation and growth is crucial to realize the controllable fabrication of crystalline products with desired and reproducible properties. Based on classical models, the initial crystal nucleus is formed by the spontaneous aggregation of ions, atoms, or molecules, and crystal growth is dependent on the monomer's diffusion and the surface reaction. Recently, numerous in situ investigations on crystallization dynamics have uncovered the existence of nonclassical mechanisms. This review provides a summary and highlights the in situ studies of crystal nucleation and growth, with a particular emphasis on the state-of-the-art research progress since the year 2016, and includes technological advances, atomic-scale observations, substrate- and temperature-dependent nucleation and growth, and the progress achieved in the various materials: metals, alloys, metallic compounds, colloids, and proteins. Finally, the forthcoming opportunities and challenges in this fascinating field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi830011, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Francis Leonard Deepak
- Nanostructured Materials Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330Braga, Portugal
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Zhang S, Tian X, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Ye W. In situ TEM observations of growth mechanisms of PbO nanoparticles from a Sm-doped PMN-PT matrix. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13801-13811. [PMID: 36102882 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03809a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An excess PbO is usually added to raw materials to compensate for PbO volatilization during high-temperature sintering of a (1 - x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-PT) piezoelectric material. However, the detailed growth mechanism of liquid phase and solid phase PbO due to excess PbO during the sintering process is still unknown. Here, the evolution behavior and growth mechanism of PbO nanoparticles from a Sm-doped 0.70PMN-0.30PT (Sm-PMN-PT) matrix were in situ observed using transmission electron microscopy with the help of electron beam irradiation. It was found that PbO nanodroplets firstly separated from the Sm-PMN-PT matrix, leading to rapid growth of newly formed PbO nanodroplets. Then, these nanodroplets coalesced into solid phase PbO nanoparticles with their size increased. After that, small solid phase nanoparticles further grew into large PbO nanoparticles by either rapidly engulfing adjacent nanodroplets and nanoparticles or slowly merging by matching these same crystal planes of adjacent nanoparticles. Finally, a heterojunction was formed between the formed large PbO nanoparticles and Sm-PMN-PT matrix. Our investigations demonstrate that the excess PbO could provide a liquid environment at the interface of Sm-PMN-PT, and the PbO nanoparticles formed act as the secondary phase at the grain boundaries of the Sm-PMN-PT matrix. This work provides a deep understanding of the role of excess PbO in the synthesis of lead-based piezoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xue Tian
- College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ying Zheng
- College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yongcheng Zhang
- College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Wanneng Ye
- College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Zhao H, Zhu Y, Ye H, He Y, Li H, Sun Y, Yang F, Wang R. Atomic-Scale Structure Dynamics of Nanocrystals Revealed By In Situ and Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2206911. [PMID: 36153832 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystals are of great importance in material sciences and industry. Engineering nanocrystals with desired structures and properties is no doubt one of the most important challenges in the field, which requires deep insight into atomic-scale dynamics of nanocrystals during the process. The rapid developments of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), especially environmental TEM, reveal insights into nanocrystals to digest. According to the considerable progress based on in situ electron microscopy, a comprehensive review on nanocrystal dynamics from three aspects: nucleation and growth, structure evolution, and dynamics in reaction conditions are given. In the nucleation and growth part, existing nucleation theories and growth pathways are organized based on liquid and gas-solid phases. In the structure evolution part, the focus is on in-depth mechanistic understanding of the evolution, including defects, phase, and disorder/order transitions. In the part of dynamics in reaction conditions, solid-solid and gas-solid interfaces of nanocrystals in atmosphere are discussed and the structure-property relationship is correlated. Even though impressive progress is made, additional efforts are required to develop the integrated and operando TEM methodologies for unveiling nanocrystal dynamics with high spatial, energy, and temporal resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuchen Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huanyu Ye
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yifei Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rongming Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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Shen Y, Zhao X, Gong R, Ngo E, Maurice JL, Roca i Cabarrocas P, Chen W. Influence of the Electron Beam and the Choice of Heating Membrane on the Evolution of Si Nanowires’ Morphology in In Situ TEM. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155244. [PMID: 35955179 PMCID: PMC9369465 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We used in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe the dynamic changes of Si nanowires under electron beam irradiation. We found evidence of structural evolutions under TEM observation due to a combination of electron beam and thermal effects. Two types of heating holders were used: a carbon membrane, and a silicon nitride membrane. Different evolution of Si nanowires on these membranes was observed. Regarding the heating of Si nanowires on a C membrane at 800 °C and above, a serious degradation dependent on the diameter of the Si nanowire was observed under the electron beam, with the formation of Si carbide. When the membrane was changed to Si nitride, a reversible sectioning and welding of the Si nanowire was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Shen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (X.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Xuechun Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (X.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Ruiling Gong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (X.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Eric Ngo
- Laboratoire de Physique des Interfaces et des Couches Minces (LPICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (E.N.); (J.-L.M.); (P.R.i.C.)
| | - Jean-Luc Maurice
- Laboratoire de Physique des Interfaces et des Couches Minces (LPICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (E.N.); (J.-L.M.); (P.R.i.C.)
| | - Pere Roca i Cabarrocas
- Laboratoire de Physique des Interfaces et des Couches Minces (LPICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (E.N.); (J.-L.M.); (P.R.i.C.)
| | - Wanghua Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (X.Z.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Baranowska-Korczyc A, Mackiewicz E, Ranoszek-Soliwoda K, Nejman A, Trasobares S, Grobelny J, Cieślak M, Celichowski G. A SnO 2 shell for high environmental stability of Ag nanowires applied for thermal management. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4174-4185. [PMID: 35424341 PMCID: PMC8694325 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10040d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since silver nanowires (AgNWs) show high infrared reflectance many studies present their applicability as thermal management products for various wearable textiles. However, their use for practical purposes is only partially evaluated, without focusing on improving their low atmospheric and liquid stability. This report describes a new approach for the topic and proposes a facile method of Ag nanowire passivation with a SnO2 layer for high environmental stability and retention of high infrared reflectance. The one-step passivation process of AgNWs was carried out in the presence of sodium stannate in an aqueous solution at 100 °C, and resulted in the formation of core/shell Ag/SnO2 nanowires. This study presents the morphological, chemical, and structural properties of Ag/SnO2NWs formed with a 14 nm thick SnO2 shell, consisting of 7 nm rutile-type crystals, covering the silver metallic core. The optical properties of the AgNWs changed significantly after shell formation, and the longitudinal and transverse modes in the surface plasmon resonance spectrum were red shifted as a result of the surrounding media dielectric constant changes. The passivation process protected the AgNWs from decomposition in air for over 4 months, and from dissolution in a KCN solution at concentrations up to 0.1 wt%. Moreover, the report shows the microwave irradiation effect on the shell synthesis and previously synthesised Ag/SnO2NWs. The post-synthesis irradiation, as well as the SnO2 shell obtained by microwave assistance, did not allow long-term stability to be achieved. The microwave-assisted synthesis process was also not fast enough to inhibit the formation of prismatic silver structures from the nanowires. The Ag/SnO2NWs with a shell obtained by a simple hydrolysis process, apart from showing high infra-red reflectance on the para-aramid fabric, are highly environmentally stable. The presented SnO2 shell preparation method can protect the AgNW's surface from dissolution or decomposition and facilitate the designing of durable smart wearable thermal materials for various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Baranowska-Korczyc
- The University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry Pomorska 163 90-236 Lodz Poland
| | - Ewelina Mackiewicz
- The University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry Pomorska 163 90-236 Lodz Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ranoszek-Soliwoda
- The University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry Pomorska 163 90-236 Lodz Poland
| | - Alicja Nejman
- ŁUKASIEWICZ-Textile Research Institute, Department of Chemical Textiles Technologies 5/15 Brzezinska Street 92-103 Lodz Poland
| | - Susana Trasobares
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cadiz 11003 Cadiz Spain
| | - Jarosław Grobelny
- The University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry Pomorska 163 90-236 Lodz Poland
| | - Małgorzata Cieślak
- ŁUKASIEWICZ-Textile Research Institute, Department of Chemical Textiles Technologies 5/15 Brzezinska Street 92-103 Lodz Poland
| | - Grzegorz Celichowski
- The University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry Pomorska 163 90-236 Lodz Poland
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Paulo de Campos da Costa J, Assis M, Teodoro V, Rodrigues A, Cristina de Foggi C, San-Miguel MA, Pereira do Carmo JP, Andrés J, Longo E. Electron beam irradiation for the formation of thick Ag film on Ag 3PO 4. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21745-21753. [PMID: 35516617 PMCID: PMC9054597 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03179h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates that the electron beam irradiation of materials, typically used in characterization measurements, could be employed for advanced fabrication, modification, and functionalization of composites. We developed irradiation equipment using an electron beam irradiation source to be applied in materials modification. Using this equipment, the formation of a thick Ag film on the Ag3PO4 semiconductor is carried out by electron beam irradiation for the first time. This is confirmed by various experimental techniques (X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Our calculations demonstrate that, at the earlier stages, metallic Ag growth is initiated preferentially at the (110) surface, with the reduction of surface Ag cations forming metallic Ag clusters. As the (100) and (111) surfaces have smaller numbers of exposed Ag cations, the reductions on these surfaces are slower and are accompanied by the formation of O2 molecules. This study demonstrates that the electron beam irradiation of materials, typically used in characterization measurements, could be employed for advanced fabrication, modification, and functionalization of composites.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo de Campos da Costa
- Department of Electrical Engineering (SEL), University of São Paulo (USP) 13566-590 São Carlos Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, INCTMN, CDMF, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) 13565-905 São Carlos Brazil
| | - Marcelo Assis
- Department of Chemistry, INCTMN, CDMF, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) 13565-905 São Carlos Brazil
| | - Vinícius Teodoro
- Department of Chemistry, INCTMN, CDMF, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) 13565-905 São Carlos Brazil
| | - Andre Rodrigues
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas-(UNICAMP) 13083-970 Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Camila Cristina de Foggi
- Department of Chemistry, INCTMN, CDMF, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) 13565-905 São Carlos Brazil
| | - Miguel Angel San-Miguel
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas-(UNICAMP) 13083-970 Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - João Paulo Pereira do Carmo
- Department of Electrical Engineering (SEL), University of São Paulo (USP) 13566-590 São Carlos Brazil.,R&D Centre MicroElectroMechanics (CMEMS), University of Minho Campus Azurem 4800-052 Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Juan Andrés
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University Jaume I (UJI) Castelló 12071 Spain
| | - Elson Longo
- Department of Chemistry, INCTMN, CDMF, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) 13565-905 São Carlos Brazil
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