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Krasley A, Li E, Galeana JM, Bulumulla C, Beyene AG, Demirer GS. Carbon Nanomaterial Fluorescent Probes and Their Biological Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3085-3185. [PMID: 38478064 PMCID: PMC10979413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have broadly useful chemical and photophysical attributes that are conducive to applications in biology. In this review, we focus on materials whose photophysics allow for the use of these materials in biomedical and environmental applications, with emphasis on imaging, biosensing, and cargo delivery. The review focuses primarily on graphitic carbon nanomaterials including graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, as well as carbon dots and carbon nanohoops. Recent advances in and future prospects of these fields are discussed at depth, and where appropriate, references to reviews pertaining to older literature are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
T. Krasley
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Eugene Li
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jesus M. Galeana
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chandima Bulumulla
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Abraham G. Beyene
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Gozde S. Demirer
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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2
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Pishbin E, Sadri F, Dehghan A, Kiani MJ, Hashemi N, Zare I, Mousavi P, Rahi A. Recent advances in isolation and detection of exosomal microRNAs related to Alzheimer's disease. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115705. [PMID: 36958383 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurological condition, is associated with various internal and external risk factors in the disease's early stages. Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is essential for treatment management. Circulating exosomal microRNAs could be a new class of valuable biomarkers for early Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. Different kinds of biosensors have been introduced in recent years for the detection of these valuable biomarkers. Isolation of the exosomes is a crucial step in the detection process which is traditionally carried out by multi-step ultrafiltration. Microfluidics has improved the efficiency and costs of exosome isolation by implementing various effects and forces on the nano and microparticles in the microchannels. This paper reviews recent advancements in detecting Alzheimer's disease related exosomal microRNAs based on methods such as electrochemical, fluorescent, and SPR. The presented devices' pros and cons and their efficiencies compared with the gold standard methods are reported. Moreover, the application of microfluidic devices to detect Alzheimer's disease related biomarkers is summarized and presented. Finally, some challenges with the performance of novel technologies for isolating and detecting exosomal microRNAs are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail Pishbin
- Bio-microfluidics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amin Dehghan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Kiani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Hashemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Zare
- Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies Co. Ltd., Shiraz 7178795844, Iran
| | - Pegah Mousavi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Amid Rahi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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3
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Da Y, Luo S, Tian Y. Real-Time Monitoring of Neurotransmitters in the Brain of Living Animals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:138-157. [PMID: 35394736 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters, as important chemical small molecules, perform the function of neural signal transmission from cell to cell. Excess concentrations of neurotransmitters are often closely associated with brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease. On the other hand, the release of neurotransmitters under the induced stimulation indicates the occurrence of reward-related behaviors, including food and drug addiction. Therefore, to understand the physiological and pathological functions of neurotransmitters, especially in complex environments of the living brain, it is urgent to develop effective tools to monitor their dynamics with high sensitivity and specificity. Over the past 30 years, significant advances in electrochemical sensors and optical probes have brought new possibilities for studying neurons and neural circuits by monitoring the changes in neurotransmitters. This Review focuses on the progress in the construction of sensors for in vivo analysis of neurotransmitters in the brain and summarizes current attempts to address key issues in the development of sensors with high selectivity, sensitivity, and stability. Combined with the latest advances in technologies and methods, several strategies for sensor construction are provided for recording chemical signal changes in the complex environment of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Da
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shihua Luo
- Department of Traumatology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
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4
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Guo F, Li Q, Zhang X, Liu Y, Jiang J, Cheng S, Yu S, Zhang X, Liu F, Li Y, Rose G, Zhang H. Applications of Carbon Dots for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6621-6638. [PMID: 36582459 PMCID: PMC9793737 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s388030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently approximately 50 million victims of Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide. The exact cause of the disease is unknown at this time, but amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain are hallmarks of the disease. Current drug treatments for AD may slow the progression of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients, but they are often only minimally effective and are not cures. A major obstacle to developing and delivering more effective drug therapies is the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents many compounds with therapeutic potential from reaching the central nervous system. Nanotechnology may provide a solution to this problem. Among the medical nanomaterials currently being studied, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted widespread attention because of their ability to cross the BBB, non-toxicity, and potential for drug/gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingman Li
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Child Cognition & Behavior Development of Hainan Province, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou, 571127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiheng Liu
- Haikou Hospital Affiliated to Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, 570208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Scientific Experiment Center of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuanghuai Cheng
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si Yu
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingfang Zhang
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China,The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 570102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Laboratory Department, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 353006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiying Li
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gregory Rose
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA,Correspondence: Gregory Rose, Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA, Tel +1 618-303-6503, Email
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China,Haiying Zhang, Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13907533247, Email
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5
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Carbon dots-based fluorescence sensor for two-photon imaging of pH in diabetic mice. Front Chem Sci Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-022-2212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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He C, Lin X, Mei Y, Luo Y, Yang M, Kuang Y, Yi X, Zeng W, Huang Q, Zhong B. Recent Advances in Carbon Dots for In Vitro/Vivo Fluorescent Bioimaging: A Mini-Review. Front Chem 2022; 10:905475. [PMID: 35601546 PMCID: PMC9117726 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.905475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a new type of “zero-dimensional” fluorescent carbon nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have some unique optical and chemical properties, they are being explored for a variety of applications in bio-related fields, such as bioimaging, biosensors, and therapy. This review mainly summarizes the recent progress of CDs in bioimaging. The overview of this review can be roughly divided into two categories: (1) In vitro bioimaging based on CDs in different cells and important organelles. (2) The distribution, imaging and application of CDs in mice and zebrafish. In addition, this review also points out the potential advantages and future development directions of CDs for bioimaging, which may promote the development of CDs in the field of bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen He
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Lin, ; Weijia Zeng, ; Qitong Huang, ; Bin Zhong,
| | - Yanqiu Mei
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ying Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Weijia Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Lin, ; Weijia Zeng, ; Qitong Huang, ; Bin Zhong,
| | - Qitong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Lin, ; Weijia Zeng, ; Qitong Huang, ; Bin Zhong,
| | - Bin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Lin, ; Weijia Zeng, ; Qitong Huang, ; Bin Zhong,
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7
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Velusamy J, Ramos-Ortiz G. Na-doped carbon nanodots: shed light on the concentration modulated photoluminescence and two-photon absorption performance. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Cai R, Xiao L, Liu M, Du F, Wang Z. Recent Advances in Functional Carbon Quantum Dots for Antitumour. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7195-7229. [PMID: 34720582 PMCID: PMC8550800 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s334012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are an emerging class of quasi-zero-dimensional photoluminescent nanomaterials with particle sizes less than 10 nm. Owing to their favourable water dispersion, strong chemical inertia, stable optical performance, and good biocompatibility, CQDs have become prominent in biomedical fields. CQDs can be fabricated by “top-down” and “bottom-up” methods, both of which involve oxidation, carbonization, pyrolysis and polymerization. The functions of CQDs include biological imaging, biosensing, drug delivery, gene carrying, antimicrobial performance, photothermal ablation and so on, which enable them to be utilized in antitumour applications. The purpose of this review is to summarize the research progress of CQDs in antitumour applications from preparation and characterization to application prospects. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities of CQDs are discussed along with future perspectives for precise individual therapy of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cai
- Central Laboratory, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Xiao
- Central Laboratory, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixiu Liu
- Central Laboratory, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyi Du
- School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Central Laboratory, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
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9
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Zhang YY, Dong LX, Bao HL, Liu Y, An FM, Zhang GW. RETRACTED: Inhibition of interleukin-1β plays a protective role in Alzheimer's disease by promoting microRNA-9-5p and downregulating targeting protein for xenopus kinesin-like protein 2. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107578. [PMID: 33892301 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Concern was raised about the reliability of the Western blot results in Figs. 2C, 4C, and 5B+E, which appear to have the same eyebrow shaped phenotype as many other publications tabulated here (https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/149EjFXVxpwkBXYJOnOHb6RhAqT4a2llhj9LM60MBffM/edit#gid=0 [docs.google.com]). The journal requested the corresponding author comment on these concerns and provide the raw data. However the authors were not able to satisfactorily fulfil this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yun Zhang
- College of Nursing, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Institute of Dementia, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Dong
- College of Nursing, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Institute of Dementia, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Hai-Lan Bao
- College of Nursing, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Institute of Dementia, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Nursing, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Institute of Dementia, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Feng-Mao An
- Institute of Dementia, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Guo-Wei Zhang
- College of Nursing, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Institute of Dementia, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
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10
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Sousa HBA, Martins CSM, Prior JAV. You Don't Learn That in School: An Updated Practical Guide to Carbon Quantum Dots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:611. [PMID: 33804394 PMCID: PMC7998311 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have started to emerge as candidates for application in cell imaging, biosensing, and targeted drug delivery, amongst other research fields, due to their unique properties. Those applications are possible as the CQDs exhibit tunable fluorescence, biocompatibility, and a versatile surface. This review aims to summarize the recent development in the field of CQDs research, namely the latest synthesis progress concerning materials/methods, surface modifications, characterization methods, and purification techniques. Furthermore, this work will systematically explore the several applications CQDs have been subjected to, such as bioimaging, fluorescence sensing, and cancer/gene therapy. Finally, we will briefly discuss in the concluding section the present and future challenges, as well as future perspectives and views regarding the emerging paradigm that is the CQDs research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - João A. V. Prior
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (H.B.A.S.); (C.S.M.M.)
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11
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Sha Y, Huang R, Huang M, Yue H, Shan Y, Hu J, Xing D. Cascade CRISPR/cas enables amplification-free microRNA sensing with fM-sensitivity and single-base-specificity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:247-250. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06412b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A cascade CRISPR/cas nucleic acid diagnostic system, which can achieve high-sensitive and single-base specificity without target amplification, was developed for miRNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sha
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- P. R. China
| | - Ru Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- P. R. China
| | - Huahua Yue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanyue Shan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- P. R. China
| | - Jiaming Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- P. R. China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- P. R. China
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