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Zarzycki A, Perzanowski M, Krupinski M, Marszalek M. Solid-State Dewetting as a Driving Force for Structural Transformation and Magnetization Reversal Mechanism in FePd Thin Films. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:92. [PMID: 36614431 PMCID: PMC9821688 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the process of solid-state dewetting in FePd thin films and its influence on structural transformation and magnetic properties is presented. The morphology, structure and magnetic properties of the FePd system subjected to annealing at 600 °C for different times were studied. The analysis showed a strong correlation between the dewetting process and various physical phenomena. In particular, the transition between the A1 phase and L10 phase is strongly influenced by and inextricably connected with solid-state dewetting. Major changes were observed when the film lost its continuity, including a fast growth of the L10 phase, changes in the magnetization reversal behavior or the induction of magnetic spring-like behavior.
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Petrov SA, Dudina DV, Ukhina AV, Bokhonov BB. Morphological and Structural Transformations of Fe-Pd Powder Alloys Formed by Galvanic Replacement, Annealing and Acid Treatment. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103571. [PMID: 35629598 PMCID: PMC9145926 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report the preparation and structural features of Fe-Pd powder alloys formed by galvanic replacement, annealing and selective dissolution of iron via acid treatment. The alloys were studied by the X-ray diffraction phase analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The Fe@Pd core–shell particles were obtained by a galvanic replacement reaction occurring upon treatment of a body-centered cubic (bcc) iron powder by a solution containing PdCl42− ions. It was found that the shells are a face-centered cubic (fcc) Pd(Fe) solid solution. HCl acid treatment of the Fe@Pd core–shell particles resulted in the formation of hollow Pd-based particles, as the bcc phase was selectively dissolved from the cores. Annealing of the Fe@Pd core–shell particles at 800 °C led to the formation of fcc Fe-Pd solid solution. Acid treatment of the Fe-Pd alloys formed by annealing of the core–shell particles allowed selectively dissolving iron from the bcc Fe-based phase (Fe(Pd) solid solution), while the fcc Fe-rich Fe-Pd solid solution remained stable (resistant to acid corrosion). It was demonstrated that the phase composition and the Fe/Pd ratio in the alloys (phases) can be tailored by applying annealing and/or acid treatment to the as-synthesized Fe@Pd core–shell particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Petrov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, Kutateladze Str. 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dina V Dudina
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, Kutateladze Str. 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Arina V Ukhina
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, Kutateladze Str. 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Boris B Bokhonov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, Kutateladze Str. 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Barrera G, Celegato F, Cialone M, Coïsson M, Rizzi P, Tiberto P. Effect of the Substrate Crystallinity on Morphological and Magnetic Properties of Fe 70Pd 30 Nanoparticles Obtained by the Solid-State Dewetting. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:7420. [PMID: 34770724 PMCID: PMC8588453 DOI: 10.3390/s21217420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Advances in nanofabrication techniques are undoubtedly needed to obtain nanostructured magnetic materials with physical and chemical properties matching the pressing and relentless technological demands of sensors. Solid-state dewetting is known to be a low-cost and "top-down" nanofabrication technique able to induce a controlled morphological transformation of a continuous thin film into an ordered nanoparticle array. Here, magnetic Fe70Pd30 thin film with 30 nm thickness is deposited by the co-sputtering technique on a monocrystalline (MgO) or amorphous (Si3N4) substrate and, subsequently, annealed to promote the dewetting process. The different substrate properties are able to tune the activation thermal energy of the dewetting process, which can be tuned by depositing on substrates with different microstructures. In this way, it is possible to tailor the final morphology of FePd nanoparticles as observed by advanced microscopy techniques (SEM and AFM). The average size and height of the nanoparticles are in the ranges 150-300 nm and 150-200 nm, respectively. Moreover, the induced spatial confinement of magnetic materials in almost-spherical nanoparticles strongly affects the magnetic properties as observed by in-plane and out-of-plane hysteresis loops. Magnetization reversal in dewetted FePd nanoparticles is mainly characterized by a rotational mechanism leading to a slower approach to saturation and smaller value of the magnetic susceptibility than the as-deposited thin film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Barrera
- Advanced Materials Metrology and Life Sciences, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy; (F.C.); (M.C.); (P.T.)
| | - Federica Celegato
- Advanced Materials Metrology and Life Sciences, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy; (F.C.); (M.C.); (P.T.)
| | - Matteo Cialone
- CNR SPIN Genova, c.so F. M. Perrone 24, I-16152 Genova, Italy;
| | - Marco Coïsson
- Advanced Materials Metrology and Life Sciences, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy; (F.C.); (M.C.); (P.T.)
| | - Paola Rizzi
- Chemistry Department and NIS, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Paola Tiberto
- Advanced Materials Metrology and Life Sciences, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy; (F.C.); (M.C.); (P.T.)
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Li Z, Guo Y, Zong Y, Li K, Wang S, Cao H, Teng C. Ga Based Particles, Alloys and Composites: Fabrication and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2246. [PMID: 34578561 PMCID: PMC8471900 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Liquid metal (LM) materials, including pure gallium (Ga) LM, eutectic alloys and their composites with organic polymers and inorganic nanoparticles, are cutting-edge functional materials owing to their outstanding electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, extraordinary mechanical compliance, deformability and excellent biocompatibility. The unique properties of LM-based materials at room temperatures can overcome the drawbacks of the conventional electronic devices, particularly high thermal, electrical conductivities and their fluidic property, which would open tremendous opportunities for the fundamental research and practical applications of stretchable and wearable electronic devices. Therefore, research interest has been increasingly devoted to the fabrication methodologies of LM nanoparticles and their functional composites. In this review, we intend to present an overview of the state-of-art protocols for the synthesis of Ga-based materials, to introduce their potential applications in the fields ranging from wearable electronics, energy storage batteries and energy harvesting devices to bio-applications, and to discuss challenges and opportunities in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.L.); (K.L.); (S.W.)
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yiming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yufen Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.L.); (K.L.); (S.W.)
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.L.); (K.L.); (S.W.)
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chao Teng
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.L.); (K.L.); (S.W.)
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Structural, Wetting and Magnetic Properties of Sputtered Fe 70Pd 30 Thin Film with Nanostructured Surface Induced by Dealloying Process. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020282. [PMID: 33499056 PMCID: PMC7911447 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
FePd alloys in the thin film form represent a multipurpose and versatile material with relevant chemical and physical properties studied in different research fields. Moreover, the ability to manipulate and fine-tune the film surface with nanometric scale precision represents a degree of freedom useful to adapt these thin film properties to the demands of different desired applications. In this manuscript, Fe70Pd30 (at. %) thin films are prepared with a thickness of 50 and 200 nm by means of the widely used co-sputtering deposition technique. Subsequently, selective removal of the iron element from the alloy and the consequent surface diffusion of the palladium was induced by a dealloying treatment under free corrosion conditions in hydrochloric acid. The size and shape of the grains of the as-deposited thin films determine the dissolution rate of the iron element with a direct consequence not only on the surface morphology and the stoichiometry of the alloy but also on the wetting and magnetic properties of the sample. X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images, contact angle and magnetic measurements have been performed to provide a thorough characterisation of the fundamental properties of these nanostructured bimetallic thin films.
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Shao Z, Ren S. Rare-earth-free magnetically hard ferrous materials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:4341-4349. [PMID: 36132925 PMCID: PMC9419273 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00519c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Permanent magnets, especially rare-earth based magnets, are widely used in energy-critical technologies in many modern applications, involving energy conversion and information technologies. However, the environmental impact and strategic supplies of rare-earth elements hamper the long-term development of permanent magnets. Hence, there is a surge of interest to expand the search for rare-earth-free magnets with a large energy product (BH)max. Among these rare-earth-free magnets, iron-based permanent magnets emerge as some of the most promising candidates due to their abundance and magnetic performance. In this review, we present a summary of iron-based permanent magnets from materials synthesis to their magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefan Shao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
- Research and Education in Energy, Environment & Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
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