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Pathak A, Verma N, Tripathi S, Mishra A, Poluri KM. Nanosensor based approaches for quantitative detection of heparin. Talanta 2024; 273:125873. [PMID: 38460425 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Heparin, being a widely employed anticoagulant in numerus clinical complications, requires strict quantification and qualitative screening to ensure the safety of patients from potential threat of thrombocytopenia. However, the intricacy of heparin's chemical structures and low abundance hinders the precise monitoring of its level and quality in clinical settings. Conventional laboratory assays have limitations in sensitivity and specificity, necessitating the development of innovative approaches. In this context, nanosensors emerged as a promising solution due to enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and ability to detect heparin even at low concentrations. This review delves into a range of sensing approaches including colorimetric, fluorometric, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques using different types of nanomaterials, thus providing insights of its principles, capabilities, and limitations. Moreover, integration of smart-phone with nanosensors for point of care diagnostics has also been explored. Additionally, recent advances in nanopore technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have been discussed offering specificity against contaminants present in heparin to ensure its quality. By consolidating current knowledge and highlighting the potential of nanosensors, this review aims to contribute to the advancement of efficient, reliable, and economical heparin detection methods providing improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakanksha Pathak
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nishchay Verma
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shweta Tripathi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 342011, Rajasthan, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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Zhang S, Hao A, Xing P. Solvent-resolved self-assemblies of cholesteryl-cyanostilbene conjugates with photo- and thermo-responsiveness. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37191115 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01056b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
It remains challenging to construct multifunctional chiral stimulus-responsive molecules and to modulate their morphology at the nanoscale. In this paper, we synthesized a novel chiral molecule with both photoactive and potentially bioactive properties and found that the morphological changes of its self-assembly were influenced by solvent polarity and light exposure. This work enabled the synthesized molecule to undergo Z-E isomerization efficiently under light irradiation by introducing highly oriented hydrogen bonds into the cyanostilbene part. The photoisomerization of the cyanostilbene part from Z- to E-type was further exploited, leading to morphological changes from nanohelices to vesicles with chiroptical evolution. The light-modulated supramolecular chirality and nanostructure provide a green and efficient method for the design of responsive chiral materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aiyou Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengyao Xing
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
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Maity D, Bhaumik SK, Banerjee S. Contrasting luminescence in heparin and DNA-templated co-assemblies of dimeric cyanostilbenes: efficient energy transfer in heparin-based co-assemblies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:12810-12819. [PMID: 37129214 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00709j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dimeric cationic cyanostilbenes with peripheral alkyl chains demonstrated aggregation in aqueous media depending on the length of the hydrophobic segment and produced luminescent spherical nano-assemblies in the case of long alkyl chain derivatives. In the presence of heparin, a bio-polyanion that is routinely used as an anticoagulant, the self-assembled structures obtained from the amphiphilic dimers showed the formation of higher-order structures whereas the non-assembling dimers exhibited heparin-induced supramolecular structure formation. In both cases, a significant enhancement in the emission was observed. This led to the detection of heparin in aqueous buffer, serum and plasma with a "turn-on" fluorescence response. Interestingly, these derivatives also exhibited luminescence variation in the presence of ctDNA. However, the response towards DNA was opposite to that observed in the case of heparin i.e., "turn-off'' fluorescence response. Notably, depending on the length of the alkyl segment, divergent DNA binding modes of these derivatives were observed. Due to their enhanced luminescence, the heparin-based co-assemblies were further explored as artificial light-harvesting systems exhibiting an efficient energy transfer process to embedded acceptor dyes with a high antenna effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjoy Maity
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, India.
| | - Shubhra Kanti Bhaumik
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, India.
| | - Supratim Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, India.
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Biswas R, Banerjee S. Luminescence Sensing of Biomacromolecules Heparin and Protamine in 100% Human Serum and Plasma by Supramolecular Polymeric Assemblies. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:766-774. [PMID: 36627763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Heparin, an anionic biomacromolecule, is routinely used as an anticoagulant during medical surgery to prevent blood clot formation and in the treatment of several heart, lung, and circulatory disorders having a higher risk of blood clotting. We herein report supramolecular polymeric nanoassemblies of cationic pyrene-tagged bis-imidazolium amphiphiles for heparin detection with high sensitivity and selectivity in aqueous buffer, plasma, and serum media. The nano-assemblies exhibited cyan-green excimeric emission in aqueous media, and their multivalent array of positive surface charges allowed them to form co-assemblies with heparin, resulting in significantly enhanced emission. This provided a convenient method for heparin detection in buffer at nanomolar concentrations, and most notably, a ratiometric fluorescence response was obtained even in highly competitive 100% human serum and 100% human plasma in a clinically relevant concentration range. Moreover, using the heparin-based luminescent co-assemblies, protamine sulfate, a clinically administered antidote to heparin, was also detected in 100% human serum and 100% human plasma at sub-micromolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Biswas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Supratim Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur 741246, India
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Bhaumik SK, Banerjee S. Multicolor-Luminescence Including White Light by Photomodulation of Supramolecular Assemblies in Aqueous Media. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36936-36946. [PMID: 35919994 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photo-responsive supramolecular systems offer intriguing functional aspects which have led to their applications in diverse fields such as optoelectronics and biomedicine. However, the modulation of the luminescence output in a spatiotemporal fashion by photo-controlled transformation still remains a challenging task. Herein, we report the controlled regulation of the emission color of supramolecular assemblies of amphiphilic cyanostilbenes (CSs) in water through in situ photomodulation employing UV and sunlight. Due to their aggregation-induced emission (AIE) features, the CS chromophores in the supramolecular assemblies exhibited bright greenish-yellow emission. Photoirradiation predominantly led to the formation of a cyclized product exhibiting aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) features and having efficient cyan-blue emission in water but severely quenched emission in the solid state. Hence, starting from a unicomponent scaffold, photomodulation provided tunable emission ranging from greenish-yellow to cyan-blue including white light in water. Furthermore, using the contrasting AIE and ACQ behavior of the components in the photoirradiated mixtures, we were able to design rewritable fluorescent inks and encryption in solid films indicating the practical utility of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Kanti Bhaumik
- The Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246 Nadia, India
| | - Supratim Banerjee
- The Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246 Nadia, India
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Niu X, Wang M, Zhu H, Liu P, Pan J, Liu B. Nanozyme catalysis-assisted ratiometric multicolor sensing of heparin based on target-specific electrostatic-induced aggregation. Talanta 2022; 238:123003. [PMID: 34857337 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring the level of heparin in clinical matrices is significant because of its pivotal role in preventing thrombosis. Compared to traditional single-signal sensors, multi-signal ratiometric detection can provide anti-interference results especially in complicated environments. However, fabricating an easy-to-operation, low-cost and robust sensor for the ratiometric detection of heparin still remains challenging. Here we propose a novel nanosensor for the ratiometric multicolor sensing of heparin with high performance. The sensor is based on the specific electrostatic interaction between the target and a positively charged species generated from nanozyme catalysis. FeMoO4 nanorods are explored as an oxidase mimic for the first time, showing a high activity at neutral pH to catalyze the colorless 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation to blue TMBox with an absorbance at 652 nm. Heparin can induce the rapid aggregation of the produced TMBox intermediate with rich positive charges due to their strong electrostatic interaction, leading to the formation of a purple Heparin-TMBox complex providing a signal at 565 nm. With the increase of heparin, the color changes from blue to indigo and further purple, enabling the multicolor sensing of the target. As a result, ultrasensitive determination of heparin was obtained with a very low detection limit. The fabricated nanosensor could differentiate heparin from complex species with no interferences, and it provided reliable analytical results for heparin in both serum and plasma. With robust performance, low cost and facile fabrication, the sensor holds great potential in monitoring heparin for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangheng Niu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids of Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Hengjia Zhu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jianming Pan
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Bangxiang Liu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
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Mahalingavelar P, Kanvah S. α-Cyanostilbene: A Multifunctional Spectral Engineering Motif. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23049-23075. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02686d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable photophysical phenomenon of aggregation-induced emission offers excellent strategies to obtain the molecular materials possessing unique spectral signatures such as high fluorescence intensity, excellent quantum yield, large Stokes shift...
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Liu M, Cao J, Huang C, Zhang M, Li Y, Wang C. A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe based on triphenylamine derivatives for the rapid and sensitive detection of heparin. Analyst 2022; 147:3504-3513. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00254j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a positively charged near-infrared fluorescent probe (TPA-P+) was constructed by connecting a pyridine cation with triphenylamine and successfully used for the detection of heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201600, P. R. China
| | - Jian Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201600, P. R. China
| | - Cuiping Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201600, P. R. China
| | - Meijuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201600, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201600, P. R. China
| | - Chuanxiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201600, P. R. China
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Dai D, Yang J, Yang YW. Supramolecular Assembly with Aggregation-Induced Emission Property for Sensing and Detection. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103185. [PMID: 34622985 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of new supramolecular materials for real-time detection of analytes including ions, organic pollutants, gases, biomolecules, and drugs is of pivotal importance in industrial manufacture, clinical treatment, and environmental remediation. Incorporating fluorescent molecules with distinct aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effects into supramolecular assemblies has received much attention over the past two decades, owing to the remarkable performance of the AIE-active supramolecular materials in sensing and detection. In this minireview, we summarize the recent progress of superior detection systems on the basis of supramolecular assemblies accompanied with AIE features. We envision that this minireview will be helpful and timely for relevant researchers to stimulate new thinking for constructing new AIE-based supramolecular materials with advanced architectures for effective sensing and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dihua Dai
- Jilin University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Jie Yang
- Jilin University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- Jilin University, College of Chemistry, 2699 Qianjin Street, 130012, Changchun, CHINA
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He Z, Nie H, Cui J, Zhang X, Yang X, Li C, Yan H. An electrostatically regulated organic self-assembly for rapid and sensitive detection of heparin in serum. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:3620-3626. [PMID: 34312637 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00863c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heparin (Hep) is a highly negatively charged linear glycosaminoglycan involved in various physiological processes, especially blood coagulation. Hep is also a first-line drug for anticoagulation and prevention of thromboembolism, but its overdose will cause serious side effects. Herein, we designed a long-wavelength double-charged cationic fluorescent probe PYPN, and studied its aggregation state and detection performance for Hep. PYPN was readily synthesized through a one-step reaction without complicated purification. In aqueous medium, PYPN molecules with an amphiphilic structure spontaneously form nano-assemblies, which can be immediately decomposed by Hep due to the formation of a PYPN-Hep complex based on electrostatic attraction. The assembly shows a fast, sensitive and ratiometric fluorescence response to Hep, without being obviously interfered by other compounds. In various serum matrices, the fluorescence intensity ratio F610/F470 has a good linearity with Hep concentration (0-12 μg mL-1), and the detection limit (0.11-0.12 U mL-1) is lower than the minimum concentration (0.2 U mL-1) used in clinical treatment. Our study provides an easy-to-prepare and feasible tool for the selective and sensitive quantification of Hep in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao He
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China.
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11
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Han W, Xiang W, Li Q, Zhang H, Yang Y, Shi J, Ji Y, Wang S, Ji X, Khashab NM, Sessler JL. Water compatible supramolecular polymers: recent progress. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10025-10043. [PMID: 34346444 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00187f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Water compatible supramolecular polymers (WCSPs) combine aqueous compatibility with the reversibility and environmental responsiveness of supramolecular polymers. WCSPs have seen application across a number of fields, including stimuli-responsive materials, healable materials, and drug delivery, and are attracting increasing attention from the design, synthesis, and materials perspectives. In this review, we summarize the chemistry of WCSPs from 2016 to mid-2021. For the sake of discussion, we divide WCSPs into five categories based on the core supramolecular approaches at play, namely hydrogen-bonding arrays, electrostatic interactions, large π-conjugated subunits, host-guest interactions, and peptide-based systems, respectively. We discuss both synthesis and polymer structure, as well as the underlying design expectations. The goal of this overview is to deepen our understanding of the strategies that have been exploited to prepare WCSPs, as well as their properties and uses. Thus, a section devoted to potential applications is included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Dianzi 2nd Road Dongduan#18, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China.
| | - Wei Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Dianzi 2nd Road Dongduan#18, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China.
| | - Qingyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Hanwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yabi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jun Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Dianzi 2nd Road Dongduan#18, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China.
| | - Yue Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Dianzi 2nd Road Dongduan#18, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China.
| | - Sichang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Dianzi 2nd Road Dongduan#18, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China.
| | - Xiaofan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Niveen M Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMS) Laboratory, Chemical Science Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Biswas R, Ghosh S, Bhaumik SK, Banerjee S. Selective recognition of ATP by multivalent nano-assemblies of bisimidazolium amphiphiles through "turn-on" fluorescence response. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2728-2738. [PMID: 33224299 PMCID: PMC7670119 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisimidazolium receptors, tagged with chromophoric pyrene at one end and linked to an n-alkyl chain at the other, underwent self-assembly in aqueous media depending on the length of the alkyl segment. The amphiphilic derivatives having n-decyl or longer chains, formed nano-assemblies with cyanic-green emission resulting from the stacked pyrene chromophores in the aggregates. The presence of positive surface charges on the multivalent aggregates led to ATP binding which was accompanied by a significant increase in the excimeric emission intensity. This provided a convenient way of monitoring ATP binding in a "turn-on" mode and an efficient detection of ATP was achieved in aqueous buffer and also in buffer containing 150 mM NaCl at physiological pH value. Furthermore, the multivalent aggregates demonstrated a significant selectivity in ATP detection over ADP, AMP and pyrophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Biswas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, Nadia, India
| | - Surya Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, Nadia, India
| | - Shubhra Kanti Bhaumik
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, Nadia, India
| | - Supratim Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, Nadia, India
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