1
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Zhu M, Zhang H, Yao Y, Wen M, Ran G, Yu Y, Zhang R, Liang XJ, Zhang J, Zhang W, Zhang JL. More is different: progressive β-thiolation induced-porphyrin aggregation switches singlet oxygen photosensitization. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03642e. [PMID: 39129766 PMCID: PMC11309087 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03642e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Incorporating sulfur atoms into photosensitizers (PSs) has been well-established to populate triplet states and increase singlet oxygen (1O2) production when exposed to light. In this work, we found that progressive thiolation of porphyrin β-periphery does promote intersystem crossing (ISC) between triplets and singlets, as seen in the excited state dynamics in dichloromethane or PS nanoparticles in water. However, in the latter case, more sulfur substitution deactivates 1O2 photosensitization, in contrast to the expected trend observed in dichloromethane. This observation was further supported by photocytotoxicity studies, where 1O2 photosensitization was switched off in living cells and multicellular spheroids despite being switched on in in vivo mice models. To understand the inconsistency, we performed molecular dynamics simulation and time-dependent density functional theory calculations to investigate possible aggregation and related excited states. We found that the extent of thiolation could regulate molecular packing inside nanoparticles, which gradually lowers the energy levels of triplet states even lower than that of 1O2 and, in turn, alters their energy dissipation pathways. Therefore, this study provides new insights into the design of metal-free PSs and sheds light on the excited state dynamics in aqueous media beyond the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Mingpu Wen
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Yi Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
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2
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Jena S, Mohanty P, Rout Rout S, Kumar Pati S, Biswal HS. Thio and Seleno-Psoralens as Efficient Triplet Harvesting Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400733. [PMID: 38758636 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The Psoralen (Pso) molecule finds extensive applications in photo-chemotherapy, courtesy of its triplet state forming ability. Sulfur and selenium replacement of exocyclic carbonyl oxygen of organic chromophores foster efficient triplet harvesting with near unity triplet quantum yield. These triplet-forming photosensitizers are useful in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) applications for selective apoptosis of cancer cells. In this work, we have critically assessed the effect of the sulfur and selenium substitution at the exocyclic carbonyl (TPso and SePso, respectively) and endocyclic oxygen positions of Psoralen. It resulted in a significant redshifted absorption spectrum to access the PDT therapeutic window with increased oscillator strength. The reduction in singlet-triplet energy gap and enhancement in the spin-orbit coupling values increase the number of intersystem crossing (ISC) pathways to the triplet manifold, which shortens the ISC lifetime from 10-5 s for Pso to 10-8 s for TPso and 10-9 s for SePso. The intramolecular photo-induced electron transfer process, a competitive pathway to ISC, is also considerably curbed by exocyclic functionalizations. In addition, a maximum of 115 GM of two-photon absorption (2PA) with IR absorption (660-1050 nm) confirms that the Psoralen skeleton can be effectively tweaked via single chalcogen atom replacement to design a suitable PDT photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrakant Jena
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO- Bhimpur-Padanpur Via-Jatni, District- Khurda, PIN - 752050, Bhubaneswar, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Pranay Mohanty
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO- Bhimpur-Padanpur Via-Jatni, District- Khurda, PIN - 752050, Bhubaneswar, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Saiprakash Rout Rout
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO- Bhimpur-Padanpur Via-Jatni, District- Khurda, PIN - 752050, Bhubaneswar, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Saswat Kumar Pati
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO- Bhimpur-Padanpur Via-Jatni, District- Khurda, PIN - 752050, Bhubaneswar, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Himansu S Biswal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO- Bhimpur-Padanpur Via-Jatni, District- Khurda, PIN - 752050, Bhubaneswar, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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3
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Kharchenko O, Hryniuk A, Krupka O, Hudhomme P. Synthesis of Thionated Perylenediimides: State of the Art and First Investigations of an Alternative to Lawesson's Reagent. Molecules 2024; 29:2538. [PMID: 38893414 PMCID: PMC11173947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Perylenediimides (PDIs) are composed of a central perylene ring, on which are grafted two imide groups at the peri positions. Thionated PDIs are characterized by the substitution of one or more oxygen atoms of these imide functions with sulfur atoms. This structural modification alters the electronic properties with a redshift of the optical absorption accompanied by modification of the charge transport characteristics compared to their non-thionated counterparts. These properties make them suitable candidates for applications in optoelectronic devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes and organic photovoltaics. Moreover, the presence of sulfur atom(s) can favor the promotion of reactive oxygen species production for photodynamic and photothermal therapies. These thionated PDIs can be synthesized through the post-functionalization of PDIs by using a sulfurizing reagent. Nevertheless, the main drawbacks remain the difficulties in adjusting the degree of thionation and obtaining tri- and tetrathionated PDIs. Up to now, this thionation reaction has been described almost exclusively using Lawesson's reagent. In the current study, we present our first investigations into an alternative reagent to enhance selectivity and achieve a greater degree of thionation. The association of phosphorus pentasulfide with hexamethyldisiloxane (Curphey's reagent) clearly demonstrated higher reactivity compared with Lawesson's reagent to attain multi-thionated PDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Hryniuk
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France;
| | - Oksana Krupka
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France;
| | - Piétrick Hudhomme
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France;
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4
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Nieuwland C, Fonseca Guerra C. Chalcogen Atom Size: A Key Parameter in Modulating Carbonyl Compound Properties. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304361. [PMID: 38284777 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Exchanging oxygen in the functional group C=O (i. e., carbonyl) for the less electronegative Group 16 elements, sulfur or selenium, unexpectedly enhances the electronegativity of the C=X group in π-conjugated molecules and reduces the molecular π HOMO-LUMO energy gap. Quantum-chemical analyses revealed that the steric size of the chalcogen atom X is at the origin of this seemingly counterintuitive behavior. This tuning of the chemical properties of carbonyl compounds by varying the chalcogen atom size in the C=X bond can be applied in many fields of chemistry. This concept article delineates several useful applications in the fields of organocatalysis, supramolecular chemistry, and photo(electro)chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Nieuwland
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The, Netherlands
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The, Netherlands
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5
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Fu X, Man Y, Yu C, Sun Y, Hao E, Wu Q, Hu A, Li G, Wang CC, Li J. Unsymmetrical Benzothieno-Fused BODIPYs as Efficient NIR Heavy-Atom-Free Photosensitizers. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4826-4839. [PMID: 38471124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Heavy-atom-free photosensitizers are potentially suitable for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this contribution, a new family of unsymmetrical benzothieno-fused BODIPYs with reactive oxygen efficiency up to 50% in air-saturated toluene was reported. Their efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) resulted in the generation of both 1O2 and O2-• under irradiation. More importantly, the PDT efficacy of a respective 4-methoxystyryl-modified benzothieno-fused BODIPY in living cells exhibited an extremely high phototoxicity with an ultralow IC50 value of 2.78 nM. The results revealed that the incorporation of an electron-donating group at the α-position of the unsymmetrical benzothieno-fused BODIPY platform might be an effective approach for developing long-wavelength absorbing heavy-atom-free photosensitizers for precision cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yingxiu Man
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yingzhu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Anzhi Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Chang-Cheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jiazhu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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6
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Sivasakthi P, Samanta PK. Exploring Thioxanthone Derivatives as Singlet Oxygen Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy at the Near-IR Region. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8900-8910. [PMID: 37819527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In the lowest excited triplet state, the excited photosensitizer reacts with tissue oxygen and forms reactive oxygen species (ROS), which kills tissue cells in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Metal-free thio-based pure organic molecules and analogous nucleobases can be used as photosensitizers for PDT applications. Using quantum chemical methods, we studied one- and two-photon optical absorptions, fluorescence, and other excited-state properties of substituted thioxanthone derivatives for their potential as photosensitizers for PDT. Our calculated values were compared with the available experimental data. The calculation of the intersystem crossing rate constant for these photosensitizers explains the high quantum yield of the formation of ROS, as reported experimentally. The excited triplet-state population of the photosensitizer occurs through the 1π-π* → 3n-π* channel of intersystem crossing and increases in the presence of halogen substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandiyan Sivasakthi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Hyderabad 502329, India
| | - Pralok K Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Hyderabad 502329, India
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7
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Li W, Gong Q, Wu Q, Guo L, Guo X, Guo D, Jiao L, Hao E. Pictet-Spengler synthesis of twisted quinoline-fused BODIPYs as heavy-atom-free photosensitizers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12330-12333. [PMID: 37753618 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04460b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Singly and doubly quinoline-fused BODIPYs were effectively synthesized through a reaction sequence consisting of the reduction of nitrophenyl-substituted BODIPYs and subsequent Pictet-Spengler cyclization. The combination of the BODIPY core and fused quinoline rings imposed significantly twisted conformations in the quinoline-fused BODIPYs (around 20.0° deviation from coplanarity obtained from X-ray crystal structure analysis). These twisted BODIPYs showed significantly reduced LUMO, redshifted absorption/emission bands, high molar extinction coefficients and satisfactory reactive oxygen species generation efficiency up to 0.56, indicating potential use as heavy-atom-free photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Qingbao Gong
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Luying Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Xing Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Dianjun Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
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8
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Gan S, Wu Y, Zhang X, Zheng Z, Zhang M, Long L, Liao J, Chen W. Recent Advances in Hydrogel-Based Phototherapy for Tumor Treatment. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040286. [PMID: 37102898 PMCID: PMC10137920 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phototherapeutic agent-based phototherapies activated by light have proven to be safe modalities for the treatment of various malignant tumor indications. The two main modalities of phototherapies include photothermal therapy, which causes localized thermal damage to target lesions, and photodynamic therapy, which causes localized chemical damage by generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conventional phototherapies suffer a major shortcoming in their clinical application due to their phototoxicity, which primarily arises from the uncontrolled distribution of phototherapeutic agents in vivo. For successful antitumor phototherapy, it is essential to ensure the generation of heat or ROS specifically occurs at the tumor site. To minimize the reverse side effects of phototherapy while improving its therapeutic performance, extensive research has focused on developing hydrogel-based phototherapy for tumor treatment. The utilization of hydrogels as drug carriers allows for the sustained delivery of phototherapeutic agents to tumor sites, thereby limiting their adverse effects. Herein, we summarize the recent advancements in the design of hydrogels for antitumor phototherapy, offer a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in hydrogel-based phototherapy and its combination with other therapeutic modalities for tumor treatment, and discuss the current clinical status of hydrogel-based antitumor phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongzhi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenchuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Jinjiang Out-Patient Section, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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9
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Wang L, Qian Y. Modification of a SOCT-ISC type triphenylamine-BODIPY photosensitizer by a multipolar dendrimer design for photodynamic therapy and two-photon fluorescence imaging. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1459-1469. [PMID: 36602169 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of multipolar triphenylamine-BODIPY photosensitizers T-BDPn (n = 1, 2, 3) was synthesized. Compared with T-BDP1 of D-A configuration, the multipolar T-BDP3 dendrimer have higher singlet oxygen efficiency (44%), better fluorescence quantum yield (7.45%), and could be used in the simulated photodynamic therapy in A-549 cells and two-photon fluorescence imaging in zebrafish. The theoretical calculation and fs-transient absorption spectra indicated that the reason of its higher singlet oxygen efficiency was that the multipolar T-BDP3 dendrimer could generate more nearly degenerate charge transfer (CT) states and triplet states, which could further increase the possibility of spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) process. In the simulated photodynamic therapy of A-549 cells, T-BDP3 shows good cytocompatibility, great phototoxicity with its IC50 value of 3.17 μM, and could kill cancer cells effectively with the dosage of 5 μM under 10 min irradiation in the AO/EB double-staining experiment. In the fluorescence imaging of zebrafish, the experiment results indicate that T-BDP3 could generate superoxide radical (O2˙-) in the body of zebrafish and could be applied to the two-photon fluorescence imaging under 800 nm excitation. The above experiment results shown that the multipolar dendrimer design was an effective approach to improve the key parameters of SOCT-ISC-type BODIPY photosensitizer and was ready for further two-photon photodynamic therapy in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Ying Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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10
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Prieto-Montero R, Díaz Andres A, Prieto-Castañeda A, Tabero A, Longarte A, Agarrabeitia AR, Villanueva A, Ortiz MJ, Montero R, Casanova D, Martínez-Martínez V. Halogen-free photosensitizers based on meso-enamine-BODIPYs for bioimaging and photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 11:169-179. [PMID: 36484323 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01515c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The search for efficient heavy atom free photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a very active field. We describe herein a simple and easily accessible molecular design based on the attachment of an enamine group as an electron-donor moiety at the meso position of the BODIPY core with different alkylation patterns. The effect of the alkylation degree and solvent polarity on the photophysical properties in terms of splitting absorption bands, fluorescence efficiencies and singlet oxygen production is analyzed in depth experimentally using spectroscopic techniques, including femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption (fs- and ns-TA) and using computational simulations based on time-dependent density functional theory. The correlation between the theoretical/experimental results permits the rationalization of the observed photophysical behavior exhibited by meso-enamine-BODIPY compounds and the determination of mechanistic details, which rule the population of the triplet state manifold. The potential applicability as a theragnostic agent for the most promising compound is demonstrated through in vitro assays in HeLa cells by analyzing the internalization, localization and phototoxic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Prieto-Montero
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Aitor Díaz Andres
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Alejandro Prieto-Castañeda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Tabero
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Asier Longarte
- Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departamento Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonia R Agarrabeitia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Sección Departamental de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Arcos de Jalón 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Villanueva
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Montero
- SGiker Laser Facility, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Virginia Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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11
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Kim H, Yang M, Kwon N, Cho M, Han J, Wang R, Qi S, Li H, Nguyen V, Li X, Cheng H, Yoon J. Recent progress on photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heejeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea
| | - Mengyao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea
| | - Nahyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea
| | - Moonyeon Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea
| | - Jingjing Han
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea
| | - Sujie Qi
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea
| | - Haidong Li
- School of Bioengineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Van‐Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea
| | - Xingshu Li
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis for Energy and the Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy Fuzhou University Fuzhou China
| | - Hong‐Bo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing P. R. China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea
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12
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Jena S, Tulsiyan KD, Kumari A, Das R, Biswal HS. Thiolumazines as Heavy-Atom-Free Photosensitizers for Applications in Daylight Photodynamic Therapy: Insights from Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6083-6094. [PMID: 35938784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Finding appropriate photosensitizers (PSs) for daylight photodynamic therapy (dPDT) applications is extremely challenging, even though heavy-atom-free photosensitizers (HAFPSs) such as thiocarbonyl-modified nucleobases have shown a ray of hope. Few attempts have been made to find alternative natural products for dPDT applications. Pteridine heterocycles consisting of a pyrazine ring and a pyrimidine ring, such as lumazine, which exhibit many structural similarities to the alloxazine ring of the flavin molecule, could be an option for HAFPSs. The photophysical and quantum mechanical studies of the thio-modified lumazines revealed that sequential thiomodifications in lumazine result in a bathochromic shift. Additionally, higher tissue penetration depths were observed for thiolumazines. The fluorescence quenching in the case of thiomodified lumazines was explained using triplet state formation, whereas the contribution from the photoinduced electron transfer process cannot be ignored. It was also noticed that a strong one-photon absorption influenced the two-photon absorption (TPA) process, leading to a self-focusing effect in the visible spectral region. The higher tissue penetration and larger TPA cross section are the hallmark characteristics of the thiolumazines to be considered as potential HAFPSs for dPDT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrakant Jena
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO- Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District- Khurda, PIN - 752050, Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Kiran Devi Tulsiyan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO- Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District- Khurda, PIN - 752050, Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Anupa Kumari
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India.,School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO- Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District- Khurda, PIN - 752050, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ritwick Das
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India.,School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO- Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District- Khurda, PIN - 752050, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Himansu S Biswal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO- Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District- Khurda, PIN - 752050, Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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13
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Wei X, Zhang C, He S, Huang J, Huang J, Liew SS, Zeng Z, Pu K. A Dual-Locked Activatable Phototheranostic Probe for Biomarker-Regulated Photodynamic and Photothermal Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202966. [PMID: 35396786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Activatable phototheranostics holds promise for precision cancer treatment owing to the "turn-on" signals and therapeutic effects. However, most activatable phototheranostic probes only possess photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photothermal therapy (PTT), which suffer from poor therapeutic efficacy due to deficient cellular oxygen and complex tumor microenvironment. We herein report a dual-locked activatable phototheranostic probe that activates near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) signals in tumor, triggers PDT in response to a tumor-periphery biomarker, and switches from PDT to PTT upon detecting a tumor-core-hypoxia biomarker. This PDT-PTT auto-regulated probe exhibits complete tumor ablation under the photoirradiation of a single laser source by producing cytotoxic singlet oxygen at the tumor periphery and generating hyperthermia at tumor-core where is too hypoxic for PDT. This dual-locked probe represents a promising molecular design approach toward precise cancer phototheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Shasha He
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Jiaguo Huang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Jingsheng Huang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Si Si Liew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Ziling Zeng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
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14
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Li C, Liu J, Hong Y, Lin R, Liu Z, Chen M, Lam JWY, Ning GH, Zheng X, Qin A, Tang BZ. Click Synthesis Enabled Sulfur Atom Strategy for Polymerization-Enhanced and Two-Photon Photosensitization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202005. [PMID: 35257452 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Facile tailoring of photosensitizers (PSs) with advanced and synergetic properties is highly expected to broaden and deepen photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. Herein, a catalyst-free thiol-yne click reaction was employed to develop the sulfur atom-based PSs by using the in situ formed sulfur "heavy atom effect" to enhance the intersystem crossing (ISC), while such an effect can be remarkably magnified by the polymerization. The introduction of a tetraphenylpyrazine-based aggregation-induced emission (AIE) unit was also advantageous in PS design by suppressing their non-radiative decay to facilitate the ISC in the aggregated state. Besides, the resulting sulfur atom electron donor, together with a double-bond π bridge and AIE electron acceptor, created a donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) molecular system with good two-photon excitation properties. Combined with the high singlet oxygen generation efficiency, the fabricated polymer nanoparticles exhibited an excellent in vitro two-photon-excited PDT towards cancer cells, therefore possessing a huge potential for the deep-tissue disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Junkai Liu
- Department of Chemistry and The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingjuan Hong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Runfeng Lin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zicheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry and The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guo-Hong Ning
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiuli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Anjun Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, No. 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China.,Department of Chemistry and The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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15
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Wei X, Zhang C, He S, Huang J, Huang J, Liew SS, Zeng Z, Pu K. A Dual‐locked Activatable Phototheranostic Probe for Biomarkers Regulated Photodynamic and Photothermal Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Nanyang Technological University School of chemical and biomedical Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Chi Zhang
- Nanyang Technological University School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Shasha He
- Nanyang Technological University School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Jiaguo Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences SINGAPORE
| | - Jingsheng Huang
- Nanyang Technological University School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Si Si Liew
- Nanyang Technological University School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Ziling Zeng
- Nanyang Technological University School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Kanyi Pu
- Nanyang Technological University School of Chemical and Biomedical Engieering 70 Nanyang Drive 637457 Singapore SINGAPORE
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16
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Chen TG, Zhang XQ, Ge JF, Xu YJ, Sun R. Thiocarbonyl photosensitizer, a feasible way to eliminate the photosensitizer residues in photodynamic therapy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 270:120783. [PMID: 34995850 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been successfully applied in clinical treatment several years. However, after finished treatment process the residual photosensitizer will spread throughout body, which forces patients stay in the dark room to avoid exposure in sunlight several weeks. Therefore, develop degradable photosensitizer could effectively eliminate this inconvenience. In the past, researchers have developed degradable photosensitizers based on supramolecular structure. In this study, we achieved the same effect in small molecule level. Three thiocarbonyl photosensitizers (PS) have high photogenerated 1O2 quantum yield and can be photodegraded by laser irradiation within 15 min. And due to its high phototoxicity and low toxicity, thiocarbonyl PS still maintains its high phototoxicity. Especially, mitochondrial targeting PS 1a has better properties than many BODIPY or cyanine heavy-atom-free photosensitizers. It only needs 1 μM to reduce HeLa cell activity to 30%. Finally the thiocarbonyl PS provided a convenient way to solve the PS residue problem without sacrificing PDT efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ge Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian-Feng Ge
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Ru Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
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17
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Li C, Liu J, Hong Y, Lin R, Liu Z, Chen M, Lam JWY, Ning G, Zheng X, Qin A, Tang BZ. Click Synthesis Enabled Sulfur Atom Strategy for Polymerization‐Enhanced and Two‐Photon Photosensitization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Junkai Liu
- Department of Chemistry and The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Yingjuan Hong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Runfeng Lin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Zicheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- Department of Chemistry and The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Guo‐Hong Ning
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Xiuli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Anjun Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen No. 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang District Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 China
- Department of Chemistry and The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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18
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Engineering bioluminescent bacteria to boost photodynamic therapy and systemic anti-tumor immunity for synergistic cancer treatment. Biomaterials 2022; 281:121332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Liu C, Ji C, Fan Z, Ma R, Yin M. A facile design of thio-perylenediimides with controllable fluorescent, photodynamic and photothermal effects towards cancer theranostics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13126-13129. [PMID: 34807201 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05483j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of thionated perylenediimides with modulating phototheranostic modalities have been synthesized by a one-pot method for multiple anti-cancer applications. Compared to the initial and 4-tert-butyl phenol-substituted fluorescent perylenediimide, the obtained monothionated perylenediimide became photodynamic. With the increase of thionation degree, tetrathionated perylenediimide changed into an optimal photothermal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Chendong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zongyang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ruihao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Meizhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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20
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Pham TC, Nguyen VN, Choi Y, Lee S, Yoon J. Recent Strategies to Develop Innovative Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13454-13619. [PMID: 34582186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 580] [Impact Index Per Article: 193.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a robust strategy to design photosensitizers (PSs) for various species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical-based treatment approach that involves the use of light combined with a light-activated chemical, referred to as a PS. Attractively, PDT is one of the alternatives to conventional cancer treatment due to its noninvasive nature, high cure rates, and low side effects. PSs play an important factor in photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Although the concept of photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy has been widely adopted for clinical trials and bioimaging, until now, to our surprise, there has been no relevant review article on rational designs of organic PSs for PDT. Furthermore, most of published review articles in PDT focused on nanomaterials and nanotechnology based on traditional PSs. Therefore, this review aimed at reporting recent strategies to develop innovative organic photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy, with each example described in detail instead of providing only a general overview, as is typically done in previous reviews of PDT, to provide intuitive, vivid, and specific insights to the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Chung Pham
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeonghwan Choi
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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21
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Nguyen VN, Heo S, Koh CW, Ha J, Kim G, Park S, Yoon J. A Simple Route toward Next-Generation Thiobase-Based Photosensitizers for Cancer Theranostics. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3462-3467. [PMID: 34432415 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur-substituted biocompatible carbonyl fluorophores have been recognized as effective heavy-atom-free photosensitizers (PSs) for cancer therapy due to their remarkable phototherapeutic properties. However, guidelines on their molecular design are still a substantial challenge. Most of the existing thiocarbonyl-based PSs are nonemissive in both the solution and restricted states, which hinders their further biomedical applications. Herein, we report the interesting finding that sulfur-substituted coumarins exhibit an uncommon phenomenon, aggregation-induced emission. More intriguingly, we also found that the introduction of a strong electron-accepting trifluoromethyl group is crucial to facilitate the mitochondrial-targeting ability of neutral coumarin fluorophores. The resulting CMS-2 PS displayed selective imaging of mitochondria and exhibited much higher photodynamic therapy efficiency toward cancer cells than that of the commercial PS erythrosine B. This work provides deep insight into the molecular design of heavy-atom-free thiobase-based PSs and simultaneously offers a great opportunity to develop novel mitochondrial-targeting fluorescent indicators with neutral bioinspired platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonye Heo
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsun Ha
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoungmi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungnam Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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22
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Huang H, Long S, Huang D, Du J, Fan J, Peng X. A photosensitizer with conformational restriction for enhanced photodynamic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9100-9103. [PMID: 34498645 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03591f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A rigid hemicyanine CSZ-J and a flexible molecule ESZ-J were synthesized. In particular, the conformationally restrained CSZ-J had higher fluorescence quantum yields, longer fluorescence lifetimes and higher triplet state quantum yields. CSZ-J could generate highly cytotoxic ROS simultaneously via type I and type II processes. This will contribute to the design and development of new photosensitizers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian university of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Saran Long
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian university of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China.,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315016, P. R. China
| | - Daipeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian university of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian university of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China.,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315016, P. R. China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian university of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China.,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315016, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian university of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China.,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315016, P. R. China
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23
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Dong Y, Kumar P, Maity P, Kurganskii I, Li S, Elmali A, Zhao J, Escudero D, Wu H, Karatay A, Mohammed OF, Fedin M. Twisted BODIPY derivative: intersystem crossing, electron spin polarization and application as a novel photodynamic therapy reagent. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8641-8652. [PMID: 33876025 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00948f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of a heavy atom-free BODIPY derivative with a twisted π-conjugated framework were studied. Efficient intersystem crossing (ISC quantum yield: 56%) and an exceptionally long-lived triplet state were observed (4.5 ms in solid polymer film matrix and 197.5 μs in solution). Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopy and DFT computations confirmed the delocalization of the triplet state on the whole twisted π-conjugated framework and the zero-field-splitting (ZFS) D parameter of D = -69.5 mT, which is smaller than that of 2,6-diiodoBODIPY (D = -104.6 mT). The electron spin polarization (ESP) phase pattern of the triplet state TREPR spectrum of the twisted BODIPY is (a, a, e, a, e, e), which is different from that of 2,6-diiodo BODIPY (e, e, e, a, a, a), indicating that the electron spin selectivity of the ISC of the twisted structure is different from that of the spin orbital coupling effect. According to the computed spin-orbit coupling matrix elements (0.154-1.964 cm-1), together with the matched energy of the S1/Tn states, ISC was proposed to occur via S1→T2/T3. The computational results were consistent with TREPR results on the electron spin selectivity (the overpopulation of the TY sublevel of the T1 state). The advantage of the long-lived triplet state of the twisted BODIPY was demonstrated by its efficient singlet oxygen (1O2) photosensitizing (ΦΔ = 50.0%) even under a severe hypoxia atmosphere (pO2 = 0.2%, v/v). A high light toxicity (EC50 = 1.0 μM) and low dark toxicity (EC50 = 78.5 μM) were observed for the twisted BODIPY, and thus the cellular studies demonstrate its potential as a novel potent heavy atom-free photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
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24
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Nguyen VN, Yan Y, Zhao J, Yoon J. Heavy-Atom-Free Photosensitizers: From Molecular Design to Applications in the Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:207-220. [PMID: 33289536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved therapeutic modality that has shown great potential for the treatment of cancers owing to its excellent spatiotemporal selectivity and inherently noninvasive nature. However, PDT has not reached its full potential, partly due to the lack of ideal photosensitizers. A common molecular design strategy for effective photosensitizers is to incorporate heavy atoms into photosensitizer structures, causing concerns about elevated dark toxicity, short triplet-state lifetimes, poor photostability, and the potentially high cost of heavy metals. To address these drawbacks, a significant advance has been devoted to developing advanced smart photosensitizers without the use of heavy atoms to better fit the clinical requirements of PDT. Over the past few years, heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers have emerged as an innovative alternative class of PSs due to their superior photophysical and photochemical properties and lower expense. Heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers have been widely explored for PDT purposes and have shown great potential for clinical oncologic applications. Although many review articles about heavy-atom-free photosensitizers based on porphyrinoid structure have been published, no specific review articles have yet focused on the heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers.In this account, the specific concept related to heavy-atom-free photosensitizers and the advantageous properties of heavy-atom-free photosensitizers for cancer theranostics will be briefly introduced. In addition, recent progress in the development of heavy-atom-free photosensitizers, ranging from molecular design approaches to recent innovative types of heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers, emphasizing our own research, will be presented. The main molecular design approaches to efficient heavy-atom-free PSs can be divided into six groups: (1) the approach based on traditional tetrapyrrole structures, (2) spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC), (3) reducing the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST), (4) the thionation of carbonyl groups of conventional fluorophores, (5) twisted π-conjugation system-induced intersystem crossing, and (6) radical-enhanced intersystem crossing. The innovative types of heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers and their applications in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics will be discussed in detail in the third section. Finally, the challenges that need to be addressed to develop optimal heavy-atom-free photosensitizers for oncologic photodynamic therapy and a perspective in this research field will be provided. We believe that this review will provide general guidance for the future design of innovative photosensitizers and spur preclinical and clinical studies for PDT-mediated cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Yuxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Xiang W, Zhang L, Zhi X, Qian Y. Synthesis, S Atom Promoted Photodynamic Therapy and Two- Photon Fluorescence Imaging of Phenothiazine Fluorescent Protein Chromophore Analogue. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202104040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ortiz-Rodríguez LA, Crespo-Hernández CE. Thionated organic compounds as emerging heavy-atom-free photodynamic therapy agents. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11113-11123. [PMID: 34094354 PMCID: PMC8162790 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04747c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This minireview focuses on recent progress in developing heavy-atom-free photosensitizers based on the thionation of nucleic acid derivatives and other biocompatible organic compounds for prospective applications in photodynamic therapy. Particular attention is given to the use of thionated nucleobase derivatives as "one-two punch" photodynamic agents. These versatile photosensitizers can act as "Trojan horses" upon metabolization into DNA and exposure to activating light. Their incorporation into cellular DNA increases their selectivity and photodynamic efficacy against highly proliferating skin cancer tumor cells, while simultaneously enabling the use of low irradiation doses both in the presence and in the absence of molecular oxygen. Also reviewed are their primary photochemical reactions, modes of action, and photosensitization mechanisms. New developments of emerging thionated organic photosensitizers absorbing visible and near-infrared radiation are highlighted. Future research directions, as well as, other prospective applications of heavy-atom-free, thionated photosensitizers are discussed.
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