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Maeda M, Sato K, De Feyter S, Tahara K. Homochiral hierarchical molecular assemblies through dynamic combination of conformational states of a single chiral building block at the liquid/solid interface. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37997169 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
We herein report the construction of homochiral, hierarchical self-assembled molecular networks (SAMNs) at the liquid/graphite interface using a single molecular building block, a chiral dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (cDBA) derivative with three chiral alkoxy and three hydroxy groups positioned in an alternating manner on the DBA core. The cDBA molecules form homochiral hierarchical SAMNs consisting of triangular clusters of several sizes, the size of which can be tuned by solvent polarity and solute concentration, reaching periodicities as large as 9.3 nm. We demonstrate the successful transmission of chirality information from the single molecular level to the hierarchical SAMN level, in a process that is mediated by dynamic self-sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matsuhiro Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
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Maeda M, Oda K, Hisaki I, Tahara K. Influence of core size on self-assembled molecular networks composed of C3h-symmetric building blocks through hydrogen bonding interactions: structural features and chirality. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29512-29521. [PMID: 37822655 PMCID: PMC10562897 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05762c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the core size on the structure and chirality of self-assembled molecular networks was investigated using two aromatic carboxylic acid derivatives with frameworks displaying C3h symmetry, triphenylene derivative H3TTCA and dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (DBA) derivative DBACOOH, each having three carboxy groups per molecule. Scanning tunneling microscopy observations at the 1-heptanoic acid/graphite interface revealed H3TTCA exclusively forming a chiral honeycomb structure, and DBACOOH forming three structures (type I, II, and III structures) depending on its concentration and whether the system is subjected to annealing treatment. Hydrogen bonding interaction patterns and chirality were carefully analyzed based on a modeling study using molecular mechanics simulations. Moreover, DBACOOH forms chiral honeycomb structures through the co-adsorption of guest molecules. Structural diversity observed for DBACOOH is attributed to its relatively large core size, with this feature modulating the balance between molecule-molecule and molecule-substrate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matsuhiro Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Kotoka Oda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisaki
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
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Liu S, Norikane Y, Kikkawa Y. Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:872-892. [PMID: 37674543 PMCID: PMC10477993 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoarchitectonics has attracted increasing attention owing to its potential applications in nanomachines, nanoelectronics, catalysis, and nanopatterning, which can contribute to overcoming global problems related to energy and environment, among others. However, the fabrication of ordered nanoarchitectures remains a challenge, even in two dimensions. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the self-assembly processes and substantial factors for building ordered structures is critical for tailoring flexible and desirable nanoarchitectures. Scanning tunneling microscopy is a powerful tool for revealing the molecular conformations, arrangements, and orientations of two-dimensional (2D) networks on surfaces. The fabrication of 2D assemblies involves non-covalent interactions that play a significant role in the molecular arrangement and orientation. Among the non-covalent interactions, dispersion interactions that derive from alkyl chain units are believed to be weak. However, alkyl chains play an important role in the adsorption onto substrates, as well as in the in-plane intermolecular interactions. In this review, we focus on the role of alkyl chains in the formation of ordered 2D assemblies at the solid/liquid interface. The alkyl chain effects on the 2D assemblies are introduced together with examples documented in the past decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyi Liu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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Kikkawa Y, Nagasaki M, Norikane Y. Two-dimensional self-assemblies of azobenzene derivatives: effects of methyl substitution of azobenzene core and alkyl chain length. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29757-29764. [PMID: 36458744 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05097h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the correlation between the molecular arrangement and physical properties of organic compounds is critical to facilitating the development of advanced functional materials. X-ray structural analyses are generally performed to clarify this relationship. Several attempts have been made to ascertain the links between three-dimensional (3D) crystals and their two-dimensional (2D) structures, which can be revealed by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) at the molecular level. Thus, 2D self-assemblies of a series of azobenzene derivatives were investigated in this study, and the effects of methyl substitution of the azobenzene core and alkyl chain length on the 2D molecular arrangements at the solid/liquid interface were revealed. Three types of azobenzene derivatives were prepared; these contained azobenzene (Az), 3-methyl azobenzene (MAz), or 3,3'-dimethyl azobenzene (DAz) as cores and alkyloxy chains of different lengths (C8-13) at their 4,4' positions. The 2D structures of the Az and DAz compounds were found to be modulated owing to the odd-even effect of the alkyl chains in a specific chain-length range; this effect was only weakly exhibited by the MAz compounds. This result suggests that only the methyl-group substitution of the azobenzene core significantly affected the 2D structures. The 2D structural features have been discussed in terms of molecular conformation, as well as their correlation with the photo-melting behaviour of the azobenzene derivatives, particularly the MAz compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Nagasaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
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Lei P, Ma L, Zhang S, Li J, Gan L, Deng K, Duan W, Li W, Zeng Q. The self-assembly and structural regulation of a hydrogen-bonded dimeric building block formed by two N-H…O hydrogen bonds on HOPG. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hashimoto S, Kaneko H, De Feyter S, Tobe Y, Tahara K. Symmetry and spacing controls in periodic covalent functionalization of graphite surfaces templated by self-assembled molecular networks. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12595-12609. [PMID: 35861168 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02858a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We herein present the periodic covalent functionalization of graphite surfaces, creating a range of patterns of different symmetries and pitches at the nanoscale. Self-assembled molecular networks (SAMNs) of rhombic-shaped bis(dehydrobenzo[12]annulene) (bisDBA) derivatives having alkyl chain substituents of different lengths were used as templates for covalent grafting of electrochemically generated aryl radicals. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observations at the 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene/graphite interface revealed that these molecules form a variety of networks that contain pores of different shapes and sizes. The covalently functionalized surfaces show hexagonal, oblique, and quasi-rectangular periodicities. This is attributed to the favorable aryl radical addition at the pore(s). We also confirmed the successful transmission of chirality information from the SAMNs to the alignment of the grafted aryls. In one case, the addition of a guest molecule was used to switch the SAMN symmetry and periodicity, leading to a change in the functionalized surface periodicity from oblique to hexagonal in the presence of the guest molecule. This contribution highlights the potential of SAMNs as templates for the controlled formation of nanopatterned carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
| | - Hiromasa Kaneko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30030, Taiwan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
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Dong Y, Lemay JC, Zeng Y, Garcia JL, Groves MN, McBreen PH. Substrate Tumbling in a Chemisorbed Diastereomeric α‐Ketoester/1‐(1‐Naphthyl)ethylamine Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Laval University: Universite Laval Department of Chemistry CANADA
| | | | - Yang Zeng
- Laval University: Universite Laval Department of Chemistry CANADA
| | - James L. Garcia
- California State University Fullerton Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Michael N. Groves
- California State University Fullerton Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry CANADA
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Dong Y, Lemay JC, Zeng Y, Groves MN, McBreen PH. Substrate Tumbling in a Chemisorbed Diastereomeric α-Ketoester/1-(1-Naphthyl)ethylamine Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210076. [PMID: 36087075 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) data for α-ketoester/1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine complexes on Pt(111) reveal a tumbling motion that couples two neighboring binding states. The interconversion, resulting in prochiral inversion of the α-ketoester, occurs in single complexes without breaking them apart. This is a surprising observation because the overall motion requires rotation of the α-ketoester away from the surface without branching exclusively into diffusion away from the complex or desorption. The multi-step interconversion is rationalized in terms of sequences of bound states that combine transient H-bond interactions with the chiral molecule and weakened adsorption interactions with the metal. The observation of tumbling in single long-lived complexes is of relevance to self-assembly and directed molecular motion on surfaces, to ligand-controlled surface reactions, and most directly to stereocontrol in asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- CCVC and Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Québec, Qc., G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-Christian Lemay
- CCVC and Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Québec, Qc., G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yang Zeng
- CCVC and Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Québec, Qc., G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Michael N Groves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
| | - Peter H McBreen
- CCVC and Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Québec, Qc., G1V 0A6, Canada
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Hu Y, Lei P, Luo W, Song J, Zeng Q, Xiao X. The effect of hydrogen bond or halogen bond on assemblies of TTF derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Kikkawa Y, Nagasaki M, Koyama E, Ito S, Tsuzuki S. Halogen bond-directed self-assembly in bicomponent blends at the solid/liquid interface: Effect of the alkyl chain substitution position. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17088-17097. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02206k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of well-organised molecular assemblies on surfaces is fundamental for the creation of functional molecular systems applicable to nanoelectronics and molecular devices. In this study, we investigated the effect...
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Ishikawa T, Honda A, Miyamura K. Effects of Alkyl Chain Length on the Cold Crystallization of Schiff-Base Nickel(II) Complexes. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00305h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
"Cold crystallization" is the exothermic phenomenon occurring during the heating process of a supercooled liquid. Molecules that exhibit cold crystallization can be used as heat storage materials. Schiff-base nickel(II) complexes...
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Ma L, Wang P, Duan W, Tu B, Zeng Q. Regulation of a Porphyrin Derivative Containing Two Symmetric Benzoic Acids by Different Pyridines. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11544-11551. [PMID: 34546063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A porphyrin derivative called 5,15-di(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (H2DCPp) with carboxyl groups successfully self-assembled on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface and its co-assembly structures with three kinds of pyridine molecules were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) with atomic resolution. H2DCPp arranged in a long-range ordered structure, and both 1,4-bis (pyridin-4-ylethynyl) benzene (BisPy), 4,4'-bipyridine (BP) and 1,3,5-tris(pyridin-4-ylethynyl) benzene (TPYB) molecules successfully regulated the host molecules as guest molecules. The well-organized model optimized by density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveals the detailed behavior of the assembly characteristics and regulation of porphyrin derivatives, which is helpful for the research and development of solar cells and nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wubiao Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Bin Tu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Material Science and Optoelectonics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Voigt J, Roy M, Baljozović M, Wäckerlin C, Coquerel Y, Gingras M, Ernst K. Unbalanced 2D Chiral Crystallization of Pentahelicene Propellers and Their Planarization into Nanographenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:10251-10254. [PMID: 34042228 PMCID: PMC8362048 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The chiral self-assembly of trispentahelicene propellers on a gold surface has been investigated in ultrahigh vacuum by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The trispentahelicene propellers aggregate into mirror domains with an enantiomeric ratio of 2 : 1. Thermally induced cyclodehydrogenation leads to planarization into nanographenes, which self-assemble into closed-packed layers with two different azimuths. Further treatment induces in part dimerization and trimerization by intermolecular cyclodehydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Voigt
- Surface Science and Coating TechnologiesEmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 1298600DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Myriam Roy
- Aix Marseille Univ.CNRSCINAMMarseilleFrance
| | - Miloš Baljozović
- Surface Science and Coating TechnologiesEmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 1298600DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Christian Wäckerlin
- Surface Science and Coating TechnologiesEmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 1298600DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Yoann Coquerel
- Aix Marseille Univ.CNRSCentrale MarseilleiSm2MarseilleFrance
| | | | - Karl‐Heinz Ernst
- Surface Science and Coating TechnologiesEmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 1298600DübendorfSwitzerland
- Nanosurf LaboratoryInstitute of PhysicsThe Czech Academy of SciencesCukrovarnická 1016200PragueCzech Republic
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich8057ZurichSwitzerland
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