Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of C-F bonds in fluorographene

Emerging graphene derivatives as active 2D coordination platforms for single-atom catalysts

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) based on graphene derivatives are an emerging and growing class of materials functioning as two-dimensional (2D) metal-coordination scaffolds with intriguing properties. Recently, owing to the rich chemistry of fluorographene, new avenues have opened toward graphene derivatives with selective, spacer-free, and dense functionalization, acting as in-plane or out-of-plane metal coordination ligands. The particular structural features give rise to intriguing phenomena occurring between the coordinated metals and the graphene backbone. These include redox processes, charge transfer, emergence, and stabilization of rare or otherwise unstable metal valence states, as well as metal-support and metal-metal synergism. The vast potential of such systems has been demonstrated as enzyme mimics for cooperative mixed-valence SACs, ethanol fuel cells, and CO₂ fixation; however, it is anticipated that their impact will further expand toward diverse fields, e.g., advanced organic transformations, electrochemical energy storage, and energy harvesting.

Electrocatalytic activity for proton reduction by a covalent non-metal graphene-fullerene hybrid

A non-metal covalent hybrid of fullerene and graphene was synthesized in one step via fluorographene chemistry. Its electrocatalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction and durability was ascribed to intrahybrid charge-transfer phenomena, exploiting the electron-accepting properties of C₆₀ and the high conductivity and large surface area of graphene.

A metal-free electrocatalyst consisting of a covalently linked graphene–fullerene hybrid material was prepared following the chemistry of fluorographene, displaying improved hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalytic activity and high durability.

Recent Advances in Fluorinated Graphene from Synthesis to Applications: Critical Review on Functional Chemistry and Structure Engineering

Fluorinated graphene (FG), as an emerging member of the graphene derivatives family, has attracted wide attention on account of its excellent performances and underlying applications. The introduction of a fluorine atom, with the strongest electronegativity (3.98), greatly changes the electron distribution of graphene, resulting in a series of unique variations in optical, electronic, magnetic, interfacial properties and so on. Herein, recent advances in the study of FG from synthesis to applications are introduced, and the relationship between its structure and properties is summarized in detail. Especially, the functional chemistry of FG has been thoroughly analyzed in recent years, which has opened a universal route for the functionalization and even multifunctionalization of FG toward various graphene derivatives, which further broadens its applications. Moreover, from a particular angle, the structure engineering of FG such as the distribution pattern of fluorine atoms and the regulation of interlayer structure when advanced nanotechnology gets involved is summarized. Notably, the elaborated structure engineering of FG is the key factor to optimize the corresponding properties for potential applications, and is also an up-to-date research hotspot and future development direction. Finally, perspectives and prospects for the problems and challenges in the study of FG are put forward.