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Wang Z, Lin X, Tang Y, Miao D, Huang J, Lu Y, Liu S, Fu R, Wu D. Facile and Universal Defect Engineering Toward Highly Stable Carbon-Based Polymer Brushes with High Grafting Density. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207821. [PMID: 36807771 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based polymer brushes (CBPBs) are an important class of functional polymer materials, which synergistically combine the advantageous properties of both carbons and polymers. However, the conventional fabrication procedures of CBPBs involve tedious multistep modification, including preoxidation of carbon substrates, introduction of initiating groups, and subsequent graft polymerization. In this study, a simple yet versatile defect-engineering strategy is proposed for the efficient synthesis of high-grafting-density CBPBs with highly stable CC linkages via free radical polymerization. This strategy involves the introduction and removal of nitrogen heteroatoms in the carbon skeletons via a simple temperature-Fmed heat treatment, leading to the formation of numerous carbon defects (e.g., pentagons, heptagons, and octagons) with reactive C=C bonds in the carbon substrates. The as-proposed methodology enables the facile fabrication of CBPBs with various carbon substrates and polymers. More importantly, the highly grafted polymer chains in the resulting CBPBs are tethered with the carbon skeletons by robust CC bonds, which can endure strong acid and alkali environments. These interesting findings will shed new light on the well-orchestrated design of CBPBs and broaden their applications in various areas with fascinating performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Wang
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xidong Lin
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Youchen Tang
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dongtian Miao
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Junlong Huang
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yan Lu
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shaohong Liu
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ruowen Fu
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dingcai Wu
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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Sun H, Li X, Jin K, Lai X, Du J. Highly porous nitrogen-doped carbon superstructures derived from the intramolecular cyclization-induced crystallization-driven self-assembly of poly(amic acid). NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1422-1430. [PMID: 36133680 PMCID: PMC9418133 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00853f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchically porous carbon nanomaterials have shown significant potential in electrochemical energy storage due to the promoted charge and mass transfer. Herein, a facile template-free method is proposed to prepare nitrogen-doped carbon superstructures (N-CSs) with multi-level pores by pyrolysis of polymeric precursors derived from the intramolecular cyclization-induced crystallization-driven self-assembly (ICI-CDSA) of poly(amic acid) (PAA). The excellent thermal stability of PAA enables the N-CSs to inherit the hierarchical structure of the precursors during pyrolysis, which facilitates the formation of meso- and macropores while the decomposition of the precursors promotes the creation of micropores. Electrochemical tests demonstrate the ultrahigh surface-area-normalized capacitance (76.5 μF cm-2) of the N-CSs facilitated by the hierarchically porous structure, promoting the charge and mass transfer, as well as the high utilization of pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen (12.9%) to provide significant pseudocapacitance contribution up to 40.6%. Considering the diversity of monomers of PAA, this ICI-CDSA strategy could be extended to prepare carbon nanomaterials with various morphologies, pore structures and chemical compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Kai Jin
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Xiaoyong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
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