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1
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Tran P, Wang Y, Dzikovski B, Lahm ME, Xie Y, Wei P, Klepov VV, Schaefer HF, Robinson GH. A Stable Aluminum Tris(dithiolene) Triradical. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16340-16347. [PMID: 38820231 PMCID: PMC11177253 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
A stable aluminum tris(dithiolene) triradical (3) was experimentally realized through a low-temperature reaction of the sterically demanding lithium dithiolene radical (2) with aluminum iodide. Compound 3 was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, UV-vis and EPR spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry, and theoretical computations. The quartet ground state of triradical 3 has been unambiguously confirmed by variable-temperature continuous wave EPR experiments and SQUID magnetometry. Both SQUID magnetometry and broken-symmetry DFT computations reveal a small doublet-quartet energy gap [ΔEDQ = 0.18 kcal mol-1 (SQUID); ΔEDQ = 0.14 kcal mol-1 (DFT)]. The pulsed EPR experiment (electron spin echo envelop modulation) provides further evidence for the interaction of these dithiolene-based radicals with the central aluminum nucleus of 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong
M. Tran
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Yuzhong Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Boris Dzikovski
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and ACERT, National Biomedical
Center for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Mitchell E. Lahm
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Yaoming Xie
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Pingrong Wei
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Vladislav V. Klepov
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Gregory H. Robinson
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
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2
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Tran PM, Wang Y, Lahm ME, Wei P, Molnar CJ, Schaefer HF, Robinson GH. Germanium(II) Dithiolene Complexes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302258. [PMID: 37603856 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The 1 : 2 reaction of the imidazole-based dithiolate (2) with GeCl2 • dioxane in THF/TMEDA gives 3, a TMEDA-complexed dithiolene-based germylene. Compound 3 is converted to monothiolate-complexed (5) and N-heterocyclic carbene-complexed (7) germanium(II) dithiolene complexes via Lewis base ligand exchange. A bis-dithiolene-based germylene (8), involving a 3c-4e S-Ge-S bond, has also been synthesized through controlled hydrolysis of 7. The bonding nature of 3, 5, and 8 was investigated by both experimental and theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong M Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602-2556, USA
| | - Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602-2556, USA
| | - Mitchell E Lahm
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602-2556, USA
| | - Pingrong Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602-2556, USA
| | - Christopher J Molnar
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602-2556, USA
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602-2556, USA
| | - Gregory H Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602-2556, USA
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3
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Wang Y, Tran PM, Xie Y, Wei P, Glushka JN, Schaefer HF, Robinson GH. Carbene‐Stabilized Dithiolene (L
0
) Zwitterions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center The University of Georgia Athens GA 30602-2556 USA
| | - Phuong M. Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center The University of Georgia Athens GA 30602-2556 USA
| | - Yaoming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center The University of Georgia Athens GA 30602-2556 USA
| | - Pingrong Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center The University of Georgia Athens GA 30602-2556 USA
| | - John N. Glushka
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center The University of Georgia Athens GA 30602-2556 USA
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center The University of Georgia Athens GA 30602-2556 USA
| | - Gregory H. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center The University of Georgia Athens GA 30602-2556 USA
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Wang Y, Tran PM, Xie Y, Wei P, Glushka JN, Schaefer HF, Robinson GH. Carbene-Stabilized Dithiolene (L 0 ) Zwitterions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22706-22710. [PMID: 34314562 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A series of reactions between Lewis bases and an imidazole-based dithione dimer (1) has been investigated. Both cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) (2) and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) (4), in addition to N-heterocyclic silylene (NHSi) (6), demonstrate the capability to cleave the sulphur-sulphur bonds in 1, giving carbene-stabilized dithiolene (L0 ) zwitterions (3 and 5) and a spirocyclic silicon-dithiolene compound (7), respectively. The bonding nature of 3, 5, and 7 are probed by both experimental and theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2556, USA
| | - Phuong M Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2556, USA
| | - Yaoming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2556, USA
| | - Pingrong Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2556, USA
| | - John N Glushka
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2556, USA
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2556, USA
| | - Gregory H Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2556, USA
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