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Zhang X, Su M, Meng W, Zhao J, Huang M, Zhang J, Qian S, Gao Y, Wei Y. Trace polymer coated clarithromycin spherulites: Formation mechanism, improvement in pharmaceutical properties and development of high-drug-loading direct compression tablets. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123944. [PMID: 38403089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Clarithromycin (CLA) is a high dose antibiotic drug exhibiting poor flowability and tabletability, making the tablet development challenging. This study aims to develop spherulitic CLA by introducing trace amount of polymer in crystallization solution. Its formation mechanism, physicochemical properties and potential for the direct compression (DC) tablets development were also investigated. Morphological analyses and the in situ observation on crystallization process revealed that the CLA spherulites are formed by fractal branching growth from both sides of the threadlike precursor fibers. 1H NMR analysis and nucleation time monitoring indicated that the existence of hydroxypropyl cellulose in solution slowed down the crystal nucleation and growth rate by forming hydrogen bonding interactions with CLA molecules, making the system maintain high supersaturation, providing high driving forces for CLA spherulitic growth. In comparison to commercial CLA, the CLA spherulites exhibit profoundly improved flowability, tabletability and dissolution behaviors. XPS, contact angle and Raman mapping analysis confirmed the presence of a thin HPC layer on the surfaces and interior of CLA spherulitic particles, resulting in increasing powder plasticity, interparticulate bonding strength and powder wettability, thus better tabletability and dissolution performances. The improved flowability and tabletability of CLA spherulites also enabled the successful development of DC tablet formulation with a high CLA loading (82.8 wt%) and similar dissolution profiles to reference listed drug. This study provides a novel solid form of CLA with superior manufacturability for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Nanjing Chia-Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Company, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Meiling Su
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Wenhui Meng
- Nanjing Chia-Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Company, Nanjing 210046, PR China; School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jiyun Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Maoli Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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2
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Su M, Huang M, Pang Z, Wei Y, Gao Y, Zhang J, Qian S, Heng W. Functional in situ formed deep eutectic solvents improving mechanical properties of powders by enhancing interfacial interactions. Int J Pharm 2023:123181. [PMID: 37364786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
As novel green solvents, deep eutectic solvent (DES) with distinct liquid properties has gained increasing interest in pharmaceutical fields. In this study, DES was firstly utilized for improving powder mechanical properties and tabletability of drugs, and the interfacial interaction mechanism was explored. Honokiol (HON), a natural bioactive compound, was used as model drug, and two novel HON-based DESs were synthesized with choline chloride (ChCl) and l-menthol (Men), respectively. The extensive non-covalent interactions were account for DES formation according to FTIR, 1H NMR and DFT calculation. PLM, DSC and solid-liquid phase diagram revealed that DES successfully in situ formed in HON powders, and the introduction of trace amount DES (99:1 w/w for HON-ChCl, 98:2 w/w for HON-Men) significantly improve mechanical properties of HON. Surface energy analysis and molecular simulation revealed that the introduced DES promoted the formation of solid-liquid interfaces and generation of polar interactions, which increase interparticulate interactions, thus better tabletability. Compared to nonionic HON-Men DES, ionic HON-ChCl DES exhibited better improvement effect, since their more hydrogen-bonding interactions and higher viscosity promote stronger interfacial interactions and adhesion effect. The current study provides a brand-new green strategy for improving powder mechanical properties and fills in the blank of DES application in pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Su
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Maoli Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zunting Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Weili Heng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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3
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Xia Y, Lu Y, Qian S, Zhang J, Gao Y, Wei Y, Heng W. An efficient cocrystallization strategy for separation of dihydromyricetin from vine tea and enhanced its antibacterial activity for food preserving application. Food Chem 2023; 426:136525. [PMID: 37321122 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to optimize the separation and purification of dihydromyricetin (DMY) from vine tea to obtain high purity, antibacterial and antioxidant crystal forms. We developed a cocrystallization approach for separation of DMY from vine tea with easy operation and high efficiency. The type and concentration of co-formers as well as solvent for separation have been investigated in detail. Under the optimal conditions, DMY with a purity of 92.41% and its two co-crystal forms (purity >97%) can be obtained. Three DMY crystal forms had consistent and good antioxidant activities according to DPPH radical scavenging results. DMY had effective antibacterial activity against the two kinds of drug-resistant bacteria including CRAB and MRSA, and DMY co-crystals had a greater advantage than DMY itself on CRAB. This work implies that cocrystallization can be used for the DMY separation and enhanced its anti-drug-resistant bacteria activity in food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Xia
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Weili Heng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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4
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Abramov YA, Iuzzolino L, Jin Y, York G, Chen CH, Shultz CS, Yang Z, Chang C, Shi B, Zhou T, Greenwell C, Sekharan S, Lee AY. Cocrystal Synthesis through Crystal Structure Prediction. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37279175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Crystal structure prediction (CSP) is an invaluable tool in the pharmaceutical industry because it allows to predict all the possible crystalline solid forms of small-molecule active pharmaceutical ingredients. We have used a CSP-based cocrystal prediction method to rank ten potential cocrystal coformers by the energy of the cocrystallization reaction with an antiviral drug candidate, MK-8876, and a triol process intermediate, 2-ethynylglyclerol. For MK-8876, the CSP-based cocrystal prediction was performed retrospectively and successfully predicted the maleic acid cocrystal as the most likely cocrystal to be observed. The triol is known to form two different cocrystals with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), but a larger solid form landscape was desired. CSP-based cocrystal screening predicted the triol-DABCO cocrystal as rank one, while a triol-l-proline cocrystal was predicted as rank two. Computational finite-temperature corrections enabled determination of relative crystallization propensities of the triol-DABCO cocrystals with different stoichiometries and prediction of the triol-l-proline polymorphs in the free-energy landscape. The triol-l-proline cocrystal was obtained during subsequent targeted cocrystallization experiments and was found to exhibit an improved melting point and deliquescence behavior over the triol-free acid, which could be considered as an alternative solid form in the synthesis of islatravir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy A Abramov
- XtalPi Inc., 245 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Luca Iuzzolino
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yingdi Jin
- XtalPi, Inc., Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd., Futian District, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Gregory York
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Chien-Hung Chen
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - C Scott Shultz
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zhuocen Yang
- XtalPi, Inc., Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd., Futian District, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Chao Chang
- XtalPi, Inc., Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd., Futian District, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Baimei Shi
- XtalPi, Inc., Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd., Futian District, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- XtalPi, Inc., Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd., Futian District, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Chandler Greenwell
- XtalPi Inc., 245 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Sivakumar Sekharan
- XtalPi Inc., 245 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Alfred Y Lee
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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5
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Dhondale MR, Thakor P, Nambiar AG, Singh M, Agrawal AK, Shastri NR, Kumar D. Co-Crystallization Approach to Enhance the Stability of Moisture-Sensitive Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010189. [PMID: 36678819 PMCID: PMC9864382 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stability is an essential quality attribute of any pharmaceutical formulation. Poor stability can change the color and physical appearance of a drug, directly impacting the patient's perception. Unstable drug products may also face loss of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and degradation, making the medicine ineffective and toxic. Moisture content is known to be the leading cause of the degradation of nearly 50% of medicinal products, leading to impurities in solid dose formulations. The polarity of the atoms in an API and the surface chemistry of API particles majorly influence the affinity towards water molecules. Moisture induces chemical reactions, including free water that has also been identified as an important factor in determining drug product stability. Among the various approaches, crystal engineering and specifically co-crystals, have a proven ability to increase the stability of moisture-sensitive APIs. Other approaches, such as changing the salt form, can lead to solubility issues, thus making the co-crystal approach more suited to enhancing hygroscopic stability. There are many reported studies where co-crystals have exhibited reduced hygroscopicity compared to pure API, thereby improving the product's stability. In this review, the authors focus on recent updates and trends in these studies related to improving the hygroscopic stability of compounds, discuss the reasons behind the enhanced stability, and briefly discuss the screening of co-formers for moisture-sensitive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhukiran R. Dhondale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pradip Thakor
- Natco Research Center, Natco Pharma Limited, Hyderabad 500018, India
| | - Amritha G. Nambiar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Maan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ashish K. Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
- Correspondence:
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6
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Han J, Wei Y, Li L, Song Y, Pang Z, Qian S, Zhang J, Gao Y, Heng W. Gelation Elimination and Crystallization Inhibition by Co-Amorphous Strategy for Amorphous Curcumin. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:182-194. [PMID: 35901945 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the previous study, the development of amorphous curcumin (CUR) aimed to enhance the solubility/dissolution of CUR by disrupting its crystal lattice, but it unexpectedly showed a decreased dissolution than its crystalline counterpart on account of gel formation in its dissolution process. Whether such gelation could be eliminated by co-amorphous strategy was answered in this study. Herein, CUR by co-amorphization with chlorogenic acid (CHA) was successfully prepared using quench cooling. The formed co-amorphous material (namely CUR-CHA CM) eliminated the gelation and hence performed superior dissolution performance than crystalline/amorphous CUR. Meanwhile, it exhibited higher physical stability than amorphous CUR during dissolution as well as under long-term/accelerated conditions. To further study the such enhancement mechanism, the internal molecular interactions were investigated for CUR-CHA CM in the solid state as well as in aqueous solution. FTIR and solid-state 13C NMR spectra confirmed that intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed between CUR and CHA after co-amorphization. Furthermore, the nucleation of CUR was significantly inhibited by CHA in an aqueous solution, thus maintaining the supersaturated dissolution for a long time. The present study offers a feasible strategy to eliminate gelation and enhance stability of amorphous solids by co-amorphization and crystallization inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Luyuan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yutong Song
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Zunting Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Weili Heng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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7
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Preparation and structure analysis of non-covalent interactions directed 11 adducts from 2-amino-5-methylthiazole and organic acids. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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8
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Preparation and structure analysis of non-covalent interactions mediated 2D-3D supramolecular adducts from 6-methylnicotinamide and carboxylic acids. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Mauer LJ. Deliquescence of crystalline materials: mechanism and implications for foods. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Han J, Li L, Yu Q, Zheng D, Song Y, Zhang J, Gao Y, Heng W, Qian S, Pang Z. Self-gelation involved in the transformation of resveratrol and piperine from a co-amorphous system into a co-crystal system. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00671e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-gelation of co-amorphous system promotes the transformation into its co-crystal system during dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P.R. China
| | - Luyuan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P.R. China
| | - Daoyi Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P.R. China
| | - Yutong Song
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P.R. China
| | - Weili Heng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P.R. China
| | - Zunting Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P.R. China
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11
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Han J, Li L, Su M, Heng W, Wei Y, Gao Y, Qian S. Deaggregation and Crystallization Inhibition by Small Amount of Polymer Addition for a Co-Amorphous Curcumin-Magnolol System. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101725. [PMID: 34684018 PMCID: PMC8540313 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Different from previously reported co-amorphous systems, a co-amorphous curcumin-magnolol (CUR-MAG CM) system, as compared with its crystalline counterparts, exhibited decreased dissolution due to its aggregation during dissolution. The main purpose of the present study is to deaggregate CUR-MAG CM to optimize drug dissolution and explore the deaggregation mechanism involved. Herein, a small amount of polymer (HPMC, HPC, and PVP K30) was co-formulated at 5% (w/w) with CUR-MAG CM as ternary co-amorphous systems. The polymer addition changed the surface properties of CUR-MAG CM including improved water wettability enhanced surface free energy, and hence exerted a deaggregating effect. As a result, the ternary co-amorphous systems showed faster and higher dissolution as compared with crystalline CUR/MAG and CUR-MAG CM. In addition, the nucleation and crystal growth of dissolved CUR and MAG molecules were significantly inhibited by the added polymer, maintaining a supersaturated concentration for a long time. Furthermore, polymer addition increased the Tg of CUR-MAG CM, potentially involving molecular interactions and inhibiting molecular mobility, resulting in enhanced physical stability under 25 °C/60% RH and 40 °C/75% RH conditions. Therefore, this study provides a promising strategy to optimize the dissolution and physical stability of co-amorphous systems by deaggregation and crystallization inhibition via adding small amounts of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuan Gao
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (S.Q.); Tel.: +86-25-83379418 (Y.G.); +86-139-1595-7175 (S.Q.)
| | - Shuai Qian
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (S.Q.); Tel.: +86-25-83379418 (Y.G.); +86-139-1595-7175 (S.Q.)
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12
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Chen H, Pang Z, Qiao Q, Xia Y, Wei Y, Gao Y, Zhang J, Qian S. Puerarin-Na Chelate Hydrate Simultaneously Improves Dissolution and Mechanical Behavior. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2507-2520. [PMID: 34142830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin monohydrate (PUEM), as the commercial solid form of the natural anti-hypertension drug puerarin (PUE), has low solubility, poor flowability, and mechanical properties. In this study, a novel solid form as PUE-Na chelate hydrate was prepared by a reactive crystallization method. Crystal structure analysis demonstrated that PUE-Na contains PUE-, Na+, and water in a molar ratio of 1:1:7. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21, and Na+ is linked with PUE- and four water molecules through Na+ ← O coordination bonds. Another three crystal water molecules occupy channels along the crystallographic b-axis. Observing along the b-axis, the crystal structure features a distinct tubular helix and a DNA-like twisted helix. The complexation between Na+ and PUE- in aqueous solution was confirmed by the Na+ selective electrode, indicating that PUE-Na chelate hydrate belongs to a type of chelate rather than organic metal salt. Compared with PUEM, PUE-Na exhibited a superior dissolution rate (i.e., ∼38-fold increase in water) owing to its lower solvation free energy and clear-enriched exposed polar groups. Moreover, PUE-Na enhanced the tabletability and flowability of PUEM, attributing to its better elastoplastic deformation and lower-friction crystal habit. The unique PUE-Na chelate hydrate with significantly enhanced pharmaceutical properties is a very promising candidate for future product development of PUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Zunting Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Qiyang Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yanming Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
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