1
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Prabhakaran A, Jha KK, Sia RCE, Arellano Reyes RA, Sarangi NK, Kogut M, Guthmuller J, Czub J, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Keyes TE. Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconverting Liposomes: Mechanistic Insights into the Role of Membranes in Two-Dimensional TTA-UC. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29324-29337. [PMID: 38776974 PMCID: PMC11163426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) implemented in nanoparticle assemblies is of emerging interest in biomedical applications, including in drug delivery and imaging. As it is a bimolecular process, ensuring sufficient mobility of the sensitizer and annihilator to facilitate effective collision in the nanoparticle is key. Liposomes can provide the benefits of two-dimensional confinement and condensed concentration of the sensitizer and annihilator along with superior fluidity compared to other nanoparticle assemblies. They are also biocompatible and widely applied across drug delivery modalities. However, there are relatively few liposomal TTA-UC systems reported to date, so systematic studies of the influence of the liposomal environment on TTA-UC are currently lacking. Here, we report the first example of a BODIPY-based sensitizer TTA-UC system within liposomes and use this system to study TTA-UC generation and compare the relative intensity of the anti-Stokes signal for this system as a function of liposome composition and membrane fluidity. We report for the first time on time-resolved spectroscopic studies of TTA-UC in membranes. Nanosecond transient absorption data reveal the BODIPY-perylene dyad sensitizer has a long triplet lifetime in liposome with contributions from three triplet excited states, whose lifetimes are reduced upon coinclusion of the annihilator due to triplet-triplet energy transfer, to a greater extent than in solution. This indicates triplet energy transfer between the sensitizer and the annihilator is enhanced in the membrane system. Molecular dynamics simulations of the sensitizer and annihilator TTA collision complex are modeled in the membrane and confirm the co-orientation of the pair within the membrane structure and that the persistence time of the bound complex exceeds the TTA kinetics. Modeling also reliably predicted the diffusion coefficient for the sensitizer which matches closely with the experimental values from fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. The relative intensity of the TTA-UC output across nine liposomal systems of different lipid compositions was explored to examine the influence of membrane viscosity on upconversion (UC). UC showed the highest relative intensity for the most fluidic membranes and the weakest intensity for highly viscous membrane compositions, including a phase separation membrane. Overall, our study reveals that the co-orientation of the UC pair within the membrane is crucial for effective TTA-UC within a biomembrane and that the intensity of the TTA-UC output can be tuned in liposomal nanoparticles by modifying the phase and fluidity of the liposome. These new insights will aid in the design of liposomal TTA-UC systems for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Prabhakaran
- School
of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Keshav Kumar Jha
- Research
Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Rengel Cane E. Sia
- Institute
of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics
and Mathematics, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ruben Arturo Arellano Reyes
- School
of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Nirod Kumar Sarangi
- School
of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Mateusz Kogut
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza
11/12, 80233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Julien Guthmuller
- Institute
of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics
and Mathematics, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Czub
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza
11/12, 80233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Research
Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- School
of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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2
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Costabel D, Nabiyan A, Chettri A, Jacobi F, Heiland M, Guthmuller J, Kupfer S, Wächtler M, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Streb C, Schacher FH, Peneva K. Diiodo-BODIPY Sensitizing of the [Mo 3S 13] 2- Cluster for Noble-Metal-Free Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution within a Polyampholytic Matrix. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20833-20842. [PMID: 37026740 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on a photocatalytic setup that utilizes the organic photosensitizer (PS) diiodo-BODIPY and the non-precious-metal-based hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst (NH4)2[Mo3S13] together with a polyampholytic unimolecular matrix poly(dehydroalanine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PDha-g-PEG) in aqueous media. The system shows exceptionally high performance with turnover numbers (TON > 7300) and turnover frequencies (TOF > 450 h-1) that are typical for noble-metal-containing systems. Excited-state absorption spectra reveal the formation of a long-lived triplet state of the PS in both aqueous and organic media. The system is a blueprint for developing noble-metal-free HER in water. Component optimization, e.g., by modification of the meso substituent of the PS and the composition of the HER catalyst, is further possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Costabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Afshin Nabiyan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Avinash Chettri
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Franz Jacobi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Magdalena Heiland
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Julien Guthmuller
- Institute of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry and Jena Center of Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Streb
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry and Jena Center of Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kalina Peneva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry and Jena Center of Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
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3
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Three-dimensional direct-writing via photopolymerization based on triplet—triplet annihilation. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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4
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Cetindere S, Kızılkaya P, Yenilmez Çiftçi G, Yuksel F. Tetra-Bodipy Linked Mono-Spiro Cyclotriphosphazene Conjugates: Synthesis, Characterization And Photophysical Properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Yurash B, Dixon A, Espinoza C, Mikhailovsky A, Chae S, Nakanotani H, Adachi C, Nguyen TQ. Efficiency of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Sensitized Triplet Upconversion Doubled in Three-Component System. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2103976. [PMID: 34793602 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As in many fields, the most exciting endeavors in photon upconversion research focus on increasing the efficiency (upconversion quantum yield) and performance (anti-Stokes shift) while diminishing the cost of production. In this vein, studies employing metal-free thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) sensitizers have garnered increased interest. Here, for the first time, the strategy of ternary photon upconversion is utilized with the TADF sensitizer 2,4,5,6-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)isophthalonitrile (4CzIPN), resulting in a doubling of the upconversion quantum yield in comparison to the binary system employing p-terphenyl as the emitter. In this ternary blend, the sensitizer 4CzIPN is paired with an intermediate acceptor, 1-methylnaphthalene, in addition to the emitter molecule, p-terphenyl, yielding a normalized upconversion quantum yield of 7.6% while maintaining the 0.83 eV anti-Stokes shift. These results illustrate the potential benefits of utilizing this strategy of energy-funneling, previously used only with heavy-metal based sensitizers, to increase the performance of these photon upconversion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Yurash
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids (CPOS) and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Alana Dixon
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids (CPOS) and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Carolina Espinoza
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids (CPOS) and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Alexander Mikhailovsky
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids (CPOS) and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Sangmin Chae
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids (CPOS) and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Hajime Nakanotani
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids (CPOS) and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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6
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Schad C, Avellanal-Zaballa E, Rebollar E, Ray C, Duque-Redondo E, Moreno F, Maroto BL, Bañuelos J, García-Moreno I, De la Moya S. Triplet–triplet sensitizing within pyrene-based COO-BODIPY: a breaking molecular platform for annihilating photon upconversion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:27441-27448. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Upconverted fluorescence assisted by triplet–triplet annihilation from heavy-atom-free photoactivatable multichromophoric organic assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schad
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Edurne Avellanal-Zaballa
- Dpto. de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Esther Rebollar
- Dpto. de Química-Física de Materiales, Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Ray
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Duque-Redondo
- Dpto. de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Florencio Moreno
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz L. Maroto
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Bañuelos
- Dpto. de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Inmaculada García-Moreno
- Dpto. de Química-Física de Materiales, Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago De la Moya
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Edhborg F, Bildirir H, Bharmoria P, Moth-Poulsen K, Albinsson B. Intramolecular Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Photon Upconversion in Diffusionally Restricted Anthracene Polymer. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:6255-6263. [PMID: 34081465 PMCID: PMC8279549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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In the strive to
develop triplet–triplet annihilation photon
upconversion (TTA-UC) to become applicable in a viable technology,
there is a need to develop upconversion systems that can function
well in solid states. One method to achieve efficient solid-state
TTA-UC systems is to replace the intermolecular energy-transfer steps
with the corresponding intramolecular transfers, thereby minimizing
loss channels involved in chromophore diffusion. Herein, we present
a study of photon upconversion by TTA internally within a polymeric
annihilator network (iTTA). By the design of the annihilator polymer
and the choice of experiment conditions, we isolate upconversion emission
governed by iTTA within the annihilator particles and eliminate possible
external TTA between separate annihilator particles (xTTA). This approach
leads to mechanistic insights into the process of iTTA and makes it
possible to explore the upconversion kinetics and performance of a
polymeric annihilator. In comparison to a monomeric upconversion system
that only functions using xTTA, we show that upconversion in a polymeric
annihilator is efficient also at extremely low annihilator concentrations
and that the overall kinetics is significantly faster. The presented
results show that intramolecular photon upconversion is a versatile
concept for the development of highly efficient solid-state photon
upconversion materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Edhborg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Hakan Bildirir
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Pankaj Bharmoria
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Bo Albinsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
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8
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Olesund A, Gray V, Mårtensson J, Albinsson B. Diphenylanthracene Dimers for Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Photon Upconversion: Mechanistic Insights for Intramolecular Pathways and the Importance of Molecular Geometry. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5745-5754. [PMID: 33835789 PMCID: PMC8154513 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
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Novel approaches
to modify the spectral output of the sun have
seen a surge in interest recently, with triplet–triplet annihilation
driven photon upconversion (TTA-UC) gaining widespread recognition
due to its ability to function under low-intensity, noncoherent light.
Herein, four diphenylanthracene (DPA) dimers are investigated to explore
how the structure of these dimers affects upconversion efficiency.
Also, the mechanism responsible for intramolecular upconversion is
elucidated. In particular, two models are compared using steady-state
and time-resolved simulations of the TTA-UC emission intensities and
kinetics. All dimers perform TTA-UC efficiently in the presence of
the sensitizer platinum octaethylporphyrin. The meta-coupled dimer
1,3-DPA2 performs best yielding a 21.2% upconversion quantum
yield (out of a 50% maximum), which is close to that of the reference
monomer DPA (24.0%). Its superior performance compared to the other
dimers is primarily ascribed to the longer triplet lifetime of this
dimer (4.7 ms), thus reinforcing the importance of this parameter.
Comparisons between simulations and experiments reveal that the double-sensitization
mechanism is part of the mechanism of intramolecular upconversion
and that this additional pathway could be of great significance under
specific conditions. The results from this study can thus act as a
guide not only in terms of annihilator design but also for the design
of future solid-state systems where intramolecular exciton migration
is anticipated to play a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Olesund
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Victor Gray
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 532, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jerker Mårtensson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Albinsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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9
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Bold S, Massin J, Giannoudis E, Koepf M, Artero V, Dietzek B, Chavarot-Kerlidou M. Spectroscopic Investigations Provide a Rationale for the Hydrogen-Evolving Activity of Dye-Sensitized Photocathodes Based on a Cobalt Tetraazamacrocyclic Catalyst. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bold
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Univ.́ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Julien Massin
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Univ.́ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanouil Giannoudis
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Univ.́ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Matthieu Koepf
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Univ.́ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Artero
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Univ.́ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Murielle Chavarot-Kerlidou
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Univ.́ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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10
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Alwattar AA, Haddad A, Moore J, Alshareef M, Bartlam C, Woodward AW, Natrajan LS, Yeates SG, Quayle P. Heavy metal sensors and sequestrating agents based on polyaromatic copolymers and hydrogels. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aula A Alwattar
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Chemistry Department, College of Science University of Basrah Basrah Garmat Ali, Iraq
| | - Athir Haddad
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Chemistry Department, College of Science University of Basrah Basrah Garmat Ali, Iraq
| | - Joshua Moore
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Mubark Alshareef
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science Umm Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Cian Bartlam
- Department of Materials and the National Graphene Institute University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Adam W Woodward
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Photon Science Institute University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Louise S Natrajan
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Photon Science Institute University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | | | - Peter Quayle
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Manchester UK
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11
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Oddo AM, Mani T, Kumar CV. Micelles Embedded in Multiphasic Protein Hydrogel Enable Efficient and Air-Tolerant Triplet Fusion Upconversion with Heavy-Atom and Spin-Orbit Charge-Transfer Sensitizers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:39293-39303. [PMID: 32805935 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The applications of triplet-triplet annihilation-based photon upconversion (TTA-UC) in solar devices have been limited by the challenges in designing a TTA-UC system that is efficient under aerobic conditions. Efficient TTA-UC under aerobic conditions is typically accomplished by using soft matter or solid-state media, which succeed at protecting the triplet excited states of upconverters (sensitizer and annihilator) from quenching by molecular oxygen but fail at preserving their mobility, thus limiting the TTA-UC efficiency (ΦUC). We showcase a protein/lipid hydrogel that succeeded in doing both of the above due to its unique multiphasic design, with a high ΦUC of 19.0 ± 0.7% using a palladium octaethylporphyrin sensitizer. This hydrogel was made via an industrially compatible method using low-cost and eco-friendly materials: bovine serum albumin (BSA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and water. A dense BSA network provided oxygen protection while the encapsulation of upconverters within a micellar SDS environment preserved upconverter mobility, ensuring near-unity triplet energy transfer efficiency. In addition to heavy atom-containing sensitizers, several completely organic, spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) Bodipy-based sensitizers were also studied; one of which achieved a ΦUC of 3.5 ± 0.2%, the only reported SOCT-ISC-sensitized ΦUC in soft matter to date. These high efficiencies showed that our multiphasic design was an excellent platform for air-tolerant TTA-UC and that it can be easily adapted to a variety of upconverters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Oddo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Tomoyasu Mani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Challa V Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- The Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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