1
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Erdemir G, Danişman-Kalindemirtaş F, Kariper İA, Kuruca DS, Özerkan D. Comparison of Selenic Acid and Pyruvic Acid-Loaded Silver Nanocarriers Impact on Colorectal Cancer Viability. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:1025-1037. [PMID: 37439920 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of morbidity and death worldwide. As current cancer drugs are ineffective, new solutions are being sought in other fields, including nanoscience. Similarly, silver nanoparticles play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry as they act as anti-cancer agents with less harmful effects and are usually 1 to 100 nm in size. Selenic acid (SA) and pyruvic acid (PA) are involved in various metabolic pathways in cancer. For this reason, we decided to detect their influence on colorectal cancer using silver-based (Ag) nanocarriers. DLS, Zetasizer, SEM and UV-Vis analyses were used to characterize AgSA and AgPA. A UV spectrophotometer was used to analyze the release of the NPs. MTT analyses were used to measure the viability of HCT116 and HUVEC cells, and IC50 values were calculated using GraphPad Prism. The indicated dosage and particle size of AgSA NPs proved to be suitable for cytotoxicity. Moreover, injection of these nanoparticles into non-cancer cells proved safe due to their minimal toxicity. In contrast, the AgPA NPs have no cytotoxicity and induce proliferation of HCT116 cells. Finally, only the synthesised AgSA nanoparticles could be used for advanced cancer therapy, which is both inexpensive and has minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçe Erdemir
- Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine and Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - İshak Afşin Kariper
- Education Faculty, Department of Science Education, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Dürdane Serap Kuruca
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul Atlas University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilşad Özerkan
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey.
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2
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Pollet R, Chin W. In silico Investigation of the Thermochemistry and Photoactivity of Pyruvic Acid in an Aqueous Solution of NaCl. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302225. [PMID: 37539648 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The photochemistry of oxocarboxylic acids contributes significantly to the complex chemistry occurring in the atmosphere. In this regard, pyruvic acid undergoes photoreactions that lead to many diverse products. The presence of sodium cation near pyruvic acid in an aqueous solution, or its conjugate base in non-acidic conditions, influences the hydration equilibrium and the photosensitivity to UV-visible light of the oxocarboxylic acid. We performed an ab initio metadynamics simulation which serves two purposes: first, it unveils the mechanisms of the reversible hydration reaction between the keto and the diol forms, with a free-energy difference of only 2 kJ/mol at 300 K, which shows the influence of sodium on the keto/diol ratio; second, it provides solvent-shared ion pairing (SSIP) and contact ion pairing (CIP) structures, including Na+ coordinated to carbonyl, for the calculations of the electronic transition energies to an antibonding π* orbital, which sheds light on the photoactivity of these two forms in the actinic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Pollet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Wutharath Chin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
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3
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Alves MR, Coward EK, Gonzales D, Sauer JS, Mayer KJ, Prather KA, Grassian VH. Changes in light absorption and composition of chromophoric marine-dissolved organic matter across a microbial bloom. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1923-1933. [PMID: 36169554 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00150k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Marine chromophoric dissolved organic matter (m-CDOM) mediates many vital photochemical processes at the ocean's surface. Isolating m-CDOM within the chemical complexity of marine dissolved organic matter has remained an analytical challenge. The SeaSCAPE campaign, a large-scale mesocosm experiment, provided a unique opportunity to probe the in situ production of m-CDOM across phytoplankton and microbial blooms. Results from mass spectrometry coupled with UV-VIS spectroscopy reveal production of a chemodiverse set of compounds well-correlated with increases in absorbance after a bacterial bloom, indicative of autochthonous m-CDOM production. Notably, many of the absorbing compounds were found to be enriched in nitrogen, which may be essential to chromophore function. From these results, quinoids, porphyrins, flavones, and amide-like compounds were identified via structural analysis and may serve as important photosensitizers in the marine boundary layer. Overall, this study demonstrates a step forward in identifying and characterizing m-CDOM using temporal mesocosm data and integrated UV-VIS spectroscopy and mass spectrometry analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Alves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Elizabeth K Coward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - David Gonzales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Jon S Sauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Kathryn J Mayer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Kimberly A Prather
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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4
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Cao W, Hu Z, Peng X, Sun H, Sun Z, Wang XB. Annihilating Actinic Photochemistry of the Pyruvate Anion by One and Two Water Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19317-19325. [PMID: 36166618 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical behaviors of pyruvic acid in multiple phases have been extensively studied, while those of its conjugate base, the pyruvate anion (CH3COCOO-, PA-) are less understood and remain contradictory in gaseous versus aqueous phases. Here in this article, we report a joint experimental and theoretical study combining cryogenic, wavelength-resolved negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES) and high-level quantum chemical computations to investigate PA- actinic photochemistry and its dependence on microsolvation in the gas phase. PA-·nH2O (n = 0-5) clusters were generated and characterized, with their low-lying isomers identified. NIPES conducted at multiple wavelengths across the PA- actinic regime revealed the PA- photochemistry extremely sensitive to its hydration extent. While bare PA- anions exhibit active photoinduced dissociations that generate the acetyl (CH3CO-), methide (CH3-) anions, their corresponding radicals, and slow electrons, one single attached water molecule results in significant suppression with a subsequent second water being able to completely block all dissociation pathways, effectively annihilating all PA- photochemical reactivities. The underlying dissociation mechanisms of PA-·nH2O (n = 0-2) clusters are proposed involving nπ* excitation, dehydration, decarboxylation, and further CO loss. Since the photoexcited dihydrate does not have sufficient energy to overcome the full dehydration barrier before PA- could fragmentate, the PA- dissociation pathway is completely blocked, with the energy most likely released via loss of one water and internal electronic and vibrational relaxations. The insight unraveled in this work provides a much-needed critical link to connect the seemingly conflicting PA- actinic chemistry between the gas and condensed phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Cao
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Zhubin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaogai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Zhenrong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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5
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Hutton L, Curchod BFE. Photodynamics of Gas‐Phase Pyruvic Acid Following Light Absorption in the Actinic Region. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Hutton
- Centre for Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Basile F. E. Curchod
- Centre for Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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6
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Hammami F, Issaoui N. A DFT Study of the Hydrogen Bonded Structures of Pyruvic Acid–Water Complexes. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2022.901736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The molecular geometries of the possible conformations of pyruvic acid–water complexes (PA-(H2O)n = 1–4) have been fully optimized at DFT/B3LYP/6-311G++ (d, p) levels of calculation. Among several optimized molecular clusters, we present here the most stable molecular arrangements obtained when one, two, three, and four water molecules are hydrogen-bonded to a central pyruvic acid molecule. Appropriate topological and geometrical parameters are considered primary indicators of H-bond strength. Atoms in molecules analysis shows that pyruvic acid can form a ring structure with water, and the molecular structures are stabilized by both strong O–H⋅⋅⋅O and C–H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds. In large clusters, classical O–H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds still exist between water molecules, and a cage-like structure is built around some parts of the central molecule of pyruvic acid.
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7
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Photochemistry of the pyruvate anion produces CO 2, CO, CH 3-, CH 3, and a low energy electron. Nat Commun 2022; 13:937. [PMID: 35177613 PMCID: PMC8854594 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The photochemistry of pyruvic acid has attracted much scientific interest because it is believed to play critical roles in atmospheric chemistry. However, under most atmospherically relevant conditions, pyruvic acid deprotonates to form its conjugate base, the photochemistry of which is essentially unknown. Here, we present a detailed study of the photochemistry of the isolated pyruvate anion and uncover that it is extremely rich. Using photoelectron imaging and computational chemistry, we show that photoexcitation by UVA light leads to the formation of CO2, CO, and CH3−. The observation of the unusual methide anion formation and its subsequent decomposition into methyl radical and a free electron may hold important consequences for atmospheric chemistry. From a mechanistic perspective, the initial decarboxylation of pyruvate necessarily differs from that in pyruvic acid, due to the missing proton in the anion. Pyruvic acid and its conjugate base, the pyruvate anion, are largely present in the atmosphere. Here the authors, using photoelectron imaging and quantum chemistry calculations, investigate the photochemistry of isolated pyruvate anions initiated by UVA radiation and report the formation of CO2, CO, and CH3− further decomposing into CH3 and a free electron.
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8
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Karimova NV, Luo M, Sit I, Grassian VH, Gerber RB. Absorption Spectra and the Electronic Structure of Gallic Acid in Water at Different pH: Experimental Data and Theoretical Cluster Models. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:190-197. [PMID: 34990547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c07333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) has been characterized in terms of its optical properties in aqueous solutions at varying pH in experiments and in theoretical calculations by analyzing the protonated and deprotonated forms of GA. This work is part of a series of studies of the optical properties of different carboxylic acids in aqueous media. The experimental electronic spectra of GA exhibit two strong well-separated absorption peaks (B- and C-bands), which agree with previous studies. However, in the current study, an additional well-defined low-energy shoulder band (A-band) in the optical spectra of GA was identified. It is likely that the A-band occurs for other carboxylic acids in solution, but because it can overlap with the B-band, it is difficult to discern. The theoretical calculations based on density functional theory were used to simulate the optical absorption spectra of GA in water at different pH to prove the existence of this newly found shoulder band and to describe and characterize the full experimental optical spectra of GA. Different cluster models were tested: (i) all water molecules are coordinated near the carboxy-group and (ii) additional water molecules near the hydroxy-groups of the phenyl ring were included. In this study, we found that both the polarizable continuum model (dielectric property of a medium) and neighboring water molecules (hydrogen-bonding) play significant roles in the optical spectrum. The results showed that only an extended cluster model with water molecules near carboxy- and hydroxy-groups together with the polarizable continuum model allowed us to fully reproduce the experimental data and capture all three absorption bands (A, B, and C). The oscillator strengths of the absorption bands were obtained from the experimental data and compared with theoretical results. Additionally, our work provides a detailed interpretation of the pH effects observed in the experimental absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Karimova
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Izaac Sit
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - R Benny Gerber
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Institute of Chemistry and Fritz Haber Research Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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9
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Prlj A, Marsili E, Hutton L, Hollas D, Shchepanovska D, Glowacki DR, Slavíček P, Curchod BFE. Calculating Photoabsorption Cross-Sections for Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2022; 6:207-217. [PMID: 35087992 PMCID: PMC8785186 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the photochemical reactivity of transient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in our atmosphere begins with a proper understanding of their abilities to absorb sunlight. Unfortunately, the photoabsorption cross-sections for a large number of transient VOCs remain unavailable experimentally due to their short lifetime or high reactivity. While structure-activity relationships (SARs) have been successfully employed to estimate the unknown photoabsorption cross-sections of VOCs, computational photochemistry offers another promising strategy to predict not only the vertical electronic transitions of a given molecule but also the width and shape of the bands forming its absorption spectrum. In this work, we focus on the use of the nuclear ensemble approach (NEA) to determine the photoabsorption cross-section of four exemplary VOCs, namely, acrolein, methylhydroperoxide, 2-hydroperoxy-propanal, and (microsolvated) pyruvic acid. More specifically, we analyze the influence that different strategies for sampling the ground-state nuclear density-Wigner sampling and ab initio molecular dynamics with a quantum thermostat-can have on the simulated absorption spectra. We highlight the potential shortcomings of using uncoupled harmonic modes within Wigner sampling of nuclear density to describe flexible or microsolvated VOCs and some limitations of SARs for multichromophoric VOCs. Our results suggest that the NEA could constitute a powerful tool for the atmospheric community to predict the photoabsorption cross-section for transient VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Prlj
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Emanuele Marsili
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Lewis Hutton
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Daniel Hollas
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, Prague 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Darya Shchepanovska
- Centre
for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, U.K.
| | - David R. Glowacki
- ArtSci
International Foundation, 5th Floor Mariner House, Bristol BS1 4QD, U.K.
- CiTIUS
Intelligent Technologies Research Centre, Rúa de Jenaro de La Fuente, s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15705, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, Prague 16628, Czech Republic
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10
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Barquilla MDP, Mayes ML. Role of hydrogen bonding in bulk aqueous phase decomposition, complexation, and covalent hydration of pyruvic acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25151-25170. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03579k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of hydrogen bonding changes between the gas and aqueous phase, altering the mechanisms of various pyruvic acid processes and consequently affecting the aerosol formation in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dave P. Barquilla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | - Maricris L. Mayes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
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11
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Chiş V, Vinţeler E. Excitation energies for anionic drugs predicted by PBE0, TPSS and τHCTH density functionals. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Aqueous Photochemistry of 2-Oxocarboxylic Acids: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Atmospheric Impact. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175278. [PMID: 34500711 PMCID: PMC8433822 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric organic aerosols play a major role in climate, demanding a better understanding of their formation mechanisms by contributing multiphase chemical reactions with the participation of water. The sunlight driven aqueous photochemistry of small 2-oxocarboxylic acids is a potential major source of organic aerosol, which prompted the investigations into the mechanisms of glyoxylic acid and pyruvic acid photochemistry reviewed here. While 2-oxocarboxylic acids can be contained or directly created in the particles, the majorities of these abundant and available molecules are in the gas phase and must first undergo the surface uptake process to react in, and on the surface, of aqueous particles. Thus, the work also reviews the acid-base reaction that occurs when gaseous pyruvic acid meets the interface of aqueous microdroplets, which is contrasted with the same process for acetic acid. This work classifies relevant information needed to understand the photochemistry of aqueous pyruvic acid and glyoxylic acid and motivates future studies based on reports that use novel strategies and methodologies to advance this field.
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13
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Karimova NV, Alves MR, Luo M, Grassian VH, Gerber RB. Toward a microscopic model of light absorbing dissolved organic compounds in aqueous environments: theoretical and experimental study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10487-10497. [PMID: 33899856 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06554d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Water systems often contain complex macromolecular systems that absorb light. In marine environments, these light absorbing components are often at the air-water interface and can participate in the chemistry of the atmosphere in ways that are poorly understood. Understanding the photochemistry and photophysics of these systems represents a major challenge since their composition and structures are not unique. In this study, we present a successful microscopic model of this light absorbing macromolecular species termed "marine derived chromophoric dissolved organic matter" or "m-CDOM" in water. The approach taken involves molecular dynamics simulations in the ground state using on the fly Density Functional Tight-Binding (DFTB) electronic structure theory; Time Dependent DFTB (TD-DFTB) calculations of excited states, and experimental measurements of the optical absorption spectra in aqueous solution. The theoretical hydrated model shows key features seen in the experimental data for a collected m-CDOM sample. As will be discussed, insights from the model are: (i) the low-energy A-band (at 410 nm) is due to the carbon chains combined with the diol- and the oxy-groups present in the structure; (ii) the weak B-band (at 320-360 nm) appears due to the contribution of the ionized speciated form of m-CDOM; and (iii) the higher-energy C-band (at 280 nm) is due to the two fused ring system. Thus, this is a two-speciated formed model. Although a relatively simple system, these calculations represent an important step in understanding light absorbing compounds found in nature and the search for other microscopic models of related materials remains of major interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Karimova
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Michael R Alves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA. and Department of Nanoengineering and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - R Benny Gerber
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. and Institute of Chemistry and Fritz Haber Research Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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14
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pH Dependence of T2 for Hyperpolarizable 13C-Labelled Small Molecules Enables Spatially Resolved pH Measurement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040327. [PMID: 33918366 PMCID: PMC8067065 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging often uses spin-echo-based pulse sequences that are sensitive to the transverse relaxation time T2. In this context, local T2-changes might introduce a quantification bias to imaging biomarkers. Here, we investigated the pH dependence of the apparent transverse relaxation time constant (denoted here as T2) of six 13C-labelled molecules. We obtained minimum and maximum T2 values within pH 1–13 at 14.1 T: [1-13C]acetate (T2,min = 2.1 s; T2,max = 27.7 s), [1-13C]alanine (T2,min = 0.6 s; T2,max = 10.6 s), [1,4-13C2]fumarate (T2,min = 3.0 s; T2,max = 18.9 s), [1-13C]lactate (T2,min = 0.7 s; T2,max = 12.6 s), [1-13C]pyruvate (T2,min = 0.1 s; T2,max = 18.7 s) and 13C-urea (T2,min = 0.1 s; T2,max = 0.1 s). At 7 T, T2-variation in the physiological pH range (pH 6.8–7.8) was highest for [1-13C]pyruvate (ΔT2 = 0.95 s/0.1pH) and [1-13C]acetate (ΔT2 = 0.44 s/0.1pH). Concentration, salt concentration, and temperature alterations caused T2 variations of up to 45.4% for [1-13C]acetate and 23.6% for [1-13C]pyruvate. For [1-13C]acetate, spatially resolved pH measurements using T2-mapping were demonstrated with 1.6 pH units accuracy in vitro. A strong proton exchange-based pH dependence of T2 suggests that pH alterations potentially influence signal strength for hyperpolarized 13C-acquisitions.
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15
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Pollet R, Chin W. Reversible Hydration of α-Dicarbonyl Compounds from Ab Initio Metadynamics Simulations: Comparison between Pyruvic and Glyoxylic Acids in Aqueous Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:2942-2951. [PMID: 33725456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glyoxylic and pyruvic oxoacids are widely available in the atmosphere as gas-phase clusters and particles or in wet aerosols. In aqueous conditions, they undergo interconversion between the unhydrated oxo and gem-diol forms, where two hydroxyl groups replace the carbonyl group. We here examine the hydration equilibrium of glyoxylic and pyruvic acids with first-principles simulations in water at ambient conditions using ab initio metadynamics to reconstruct the corresponding free-energy landscapes. The main results are as follows: (i) our simulations reveal the high conformational diversity of these species in aqueous solutions. (ii) We show that gem-diol is strongly favored in water compared to its oxo counterpart by 29 and 16 kJ/mol for glyoxylic and pyruvic acids, respectively. (iii) From our atomic-scale simulations, we present new insights into the reaction mechanisms with a special focus on hydrogen-bond arrangements and the electronic structure of the transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Pollet
- NIMBE, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Wutharath Chin
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
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16
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Pysanenko A, Grygoryeva K, Kočišek J, Kumar T P R, Fedor J, Ončák M, Fárník M. Stability of pyruvic acid clusters upon slow electron attachment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4317-4325. [PMID: 33587076 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06464e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvic acid represents a key molecule in prebiotic chemistry and it has recently been proposed to be synthesized on interstellar ices. In order to probe the stability of pyruvic acid in the interstellar medium with respect to decomposition by slow electrons, we investigate the electron attachment to its homomolecular and heteromolecular clusters. Using mass spectrometry, we follow the changes in the fragmentation pattern and its dependence on the electron energy for various cluster sizes of pure and microhydrated pyruvic acid. The assignment of fragmentation reaction pathways is supported by ab initio calculations. The fragmentation degree dramatically decreases upon clustering. This decrease is even stronger in the heteromolecular clusters of pyruvic acid with water, where the non-dissociative attachment is by far the strongest channel. In the homomolecular clusters, the dissociative channel leading to dehydrogenation is active over a larger electron energy range than in the isolated molecules. To probe the role of the self-scavenging effects, we explore the excited states of pyruvic acid. This has been done both experimentally, by using electron energy loss spectroscopy, and theoretically, by photochemical calculations. Data on both optically-allowed and forbidden states allow for the explanation of processes emerging upon clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateryna Grygoryeva
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Kočišek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ragesh Kumar T P
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Juraj Fedor
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Luo M, Shemesh D, Sullivan MN, Alves MR, Song M, Gerber RB, Grassian VH. Impact of pH and NaCl and CaCl2 Salts on the Speciation and Photochemistry of Pyruvic Acid in the Aqueous Phase. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5071-5080. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Dorit Shemesh
- Institute of Chemistry and Fritz Haber Research Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Michael N. Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Michael R. Alves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Meishi Song
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - R. Benny Gerber
- Institute of Chemistry and Fritz Haber Research Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, United States
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