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Ziental D, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Wysocki M, Ptaszek M, Sobotta Ł. Advances and perspectives in use of semisolid formulations for photodynamic methods. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024:114485. [PMID: 39255919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Although nearly 30 years have passed since the introduction of the first clinically approved photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy, progress in developing new pharmaceutical formulations remains unsatisfactory. This review highlights that despite years of research, many recurring challenges and issues remain unresolved. The paper includes an analysis of selected essential studies involving aminolevulinic acid and its derivatives, as well as other photosensitizers with potential for development as medical products. Among various possible vehicles, special attention is given to gelatin, alginates, poly(ethylene oxide), polyacrylic acid, and chitosan. The focus is particularly on infectious and cancerous diseases. Key aspects of developing new semi-solid drug forms should prioritize the creation of easily manufacturable and biocompatible preparations for clinical use. At the same time, new formulations should preserve the primary function of photosensitizers, which is the generation of reactive oxygen species capable of destroying pathogenic cells or tumors. Additionally, the use of adjuvant properties of carriers, which can enhance the effectiveness of macrocycles, is emphasized, especially in chitosan-based antibacterial formulations. Current research indicates that many promising dyes and macrocyclic compounds with high potential as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy remain unexplored in formulation and development work. This review outlines potential new and previously explored pathways for advancing photosensitizers as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ziental
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Wysocki
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Ptaszek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Łukasz Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
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2
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Avasthi I, Lerner H, Grings J, Gräber C, Schleheck D, Cölfen H. Biodegradable Mineral Plastics. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300575. [PMID: 37466247 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Mineral plastics are a promising class of bio-inspired materials that offer exceptional properties, like self-heal ability, stretchability in the hydrogel state, and high hardness, toughness, transparency, and non-flammability in the dry state along with reversible transformation into the hydrogel by addition of water. This enables easy reshape-ability and recycling like the solubility in mild acids to subsequently form mineral plastics again by base addition. However, current mineral plastics rely on petrochemistry, are hardly biodegradable, and thus persistent in nature. This work presents the next generation of mineral plastics, which are bio-based and biodegradable, making them a promising, new class of polymers for the development of environmentally friendly materials. Physically cross-linked (poly)glutamic-acid (PGlu)-based mineral plastics are synthesized using various alcohol-water mixtures, metal ion ratios and molecular weights. The rheological properties are easily adjusted using these parameters. The general procedure involves addition of equimolar solution of CaCl2 to PGlu in equal volumes followed by addition of iPrOH (iPrOH:H2O = 1:1) under vigorous stirring conditions. The ready biodegradability of PGlu/CaFe mineral plastic is confirmed in this study where the elements N, Ca, and Fe present in it tend to act as additional nutrients, supporting the growth of microorganisms and consequently, promoting the biodegradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilesha Avasthi
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätstr. 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Harry Lerner
- Microbial Ecology and Limnic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, Universitätstr. 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jonas Grings
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätstr. 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Carla Gräber
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätstr. 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - David Schleheck
- Microbial Ecology and Limnic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, Universitätstr. 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätstr. 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
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3
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Wu Y, Lv B, Wang S, Liu Z, Chen XD, Cheng Y. Study of molecular interaction and texture characteristics of hydrocolloid-mixed alginate microspheres: As a shell to encapsulate multiphase oil cores. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121603. [PMID: 38142092 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the molecular interaction of hydrocolloids (xanthan gum (XG), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carbomer (CBM) and hymagic™-4D (HA)) with sodium alginate (SA) in microspheres in detail. The molecular interaction of hydrocolloids with SA are demonstrated by the rheological property analysis of the mixed solutions as well as the morphology structure and texture characteristics studies of the microspheres. It is found that the hydrocolloids (XG, HEC and CBM) with branches or capable to coil are able to form complex networks with SA through molecular interactions which hinders the free diffusion of calcium ions and changes the texture characteristics of microspheres. In addition, the mixed solutions (SA-XG and SA-HEC) with complex networks and do not have a chelating effect on calcium ions are used to form the shell of the microcapsules through droplet microfluidic technology, and stable with soft microcapsules encapsulating multiphase oil cores have been successfully prepared. At the same time, the textural properties of microcapsules are quantized, which are related to human sensory properties. The developed stable and soft microcapsules which have the properties of sensory comfort are expected to be applied in the personal care industry and a variety of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Boya Lv
- Life Quality Engineering Interest Group, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215152, Jiangsu Province, China; Xiao Dong Pro-health (Suzhou) Instrumentation Co Ltd, Suzhou 215152, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shiteng Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Bloomage Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao Dong Chen
- Life Quality Engineering Interest Group, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215152, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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4
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Madeja B, Wilke P, Schreiner E, Konradi R, Scheck J, Bizzozero J, Nicoleau L, Wagner E, Rückel M, Cölfen H, Kellermeier M. Phage Display Screening as a Rational Approach to Design Additives for Selective Crystallization Control in Construction Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210015. [PMID: 36861429 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The design of additives showing strong and selective interactions with certain target surfaces is key to crystallization control in applied reactive multicomponent systems. While suitable chemical motifs can be found through semi-empirical trial-and-error procedures, bioinspired selection techniques offer a more rationally driven approach and explore a much larger space of possible combinations in a single assay. Here, phage display screening is used to characterize the surfaces of crystalline gypsum, a mineral of broad relevance for construction applications. Based on next-generation sequencing of phages enriched during the screening process, a triplet of amino acids, DYH, is identified as the main driver for adsorption on the mineral substrate. Furthermore, oligopeptides containing this motif prove to exert their influence in a strictly selective manner during the hydration of cement, where the sulfate reaction (initial setting) is strongly retarded while the silicate reaction (final hardening) remains unaffected. In the final step, these desired additive characteristics are successfully translated from the level of peptides to that of scalable synthetic copolymers. The approach described in this work demonstrates how modern biotechnological methods can be leveraged for the systematic development of efficient crystallization additives for materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Madeja
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, D-78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Patrick Wilke
- Material Science, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, D-67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Eduard Schreiner
- Molecular Modeling, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, D-67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Rupert Konradi
- Biointerfaces and Delivery Systems, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, D-67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Johanna Scheck
- Mineralogy, BASF Construction Additives GmbH, Dr.-Albert-Frank-Str. 32, D-83308, Trostberg, Germany
| | - Julien Bizzozero
- Mineralogy, BASF Construction Additives GmbH, Dr.-Albert-Frank-Str. 32, D-83308, Trostberg, Germany
| | - Luc Nicoleau
- Mineralogy, BASF Construction Additives GmbH, Dr.-Albert-Frank-Str. 32, D-83308, Trostberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Wagner
- Material Science, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, D-67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Markus Rückel
- Material Science, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, D-67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, D-78464, Konstanz, Germany
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Hoyt ALM, Staiger M, Schweinbeck M, Cölfen H. Penetration Coefficients of Commercial Nanolimes and a Liquid Mineral Precursor for Pore-Imitating Test Systems-Predictability of Infiltration Behavior. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2506. [PMID: 36984386 PMCID: PMC10058312 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanolimes have been commercially available for over a decade as a remineralization agent for natural stone to combat deterioration. While they have been applied successfully and studied extensively, their penetration abilities in different materials have not yet been readily quantifiable in situ and in real time. Using two transparent pore-imitating test systems (acrylic glass (PMMA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)) and light microscopy, the penetration coefficients (PCs) of two nanolimes (CaLoSiL (CLS) and Nanorestore Plus (NRP)), as well as their solvents, were determined experimentally in square channels of about 100 µm diameter. Their PCs and those for a previously published glass-resin-based test system were also predicted based on measurable material parameters or literature values using the Lucas-Washburn equation. Additionally, a liquid mineral precursor (LMP) of calcium carbonate based on complex coacervation (CC) was investigated as an alternative to the solid particle dispersions of nanolime. In general, the dispersions behaved like their pure solvents. Overall, trends could be reasonably well predicted with both literature and experimentally determined properties using the Lucas-Washburn equation. In absolute terms, the prediction of observed infiltration behavior was satisfactory for alcohols and nanolimes but deviated substantially for water and the aqueous LMP. The commercially available PMMA chips and newly designed PDMS devices were mostly superior to the previously published glass-resin-based test system, except for the long-term monitoring of material deposition. Lastly, the transfer of results from these investigated systems to a different, nontransparent mineral, calcite, yielded similar PC values independently of the original data when used as the basis for the conversion (all PC types and all material/liquid combinations except aqueous solutions in PDMS devices). This knowledge can be used to improve the targeted design of tailor-made remineralization treatments for different application cases by guiding solvent choice, and to reduce destructive sampling by providing a micromodel for pretesting, if transferability to real stone samples proves demonstrable in the future.
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Hashmi S, Ahmed R, Rehman AU, García-Peñas A, Zahoor A, Khan F, Vatankhah-Varnosfaderani M, Alshahrani T, Stadler FJ. Study of the synergistic influence of zwitterionic interactions and graphene oxide on water diffusion mechanism and mechanical properties in hybrid hydrogel network. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 314:137710. [PMID: 36592834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid hydrogels based on n-isopropylacrylamide, zwitterionic comonomer, and graphene oxide were synthesized to study their physical and mechanical properties. The compositional variation largely influenced the swelling characteristics of the hybrid hydrogels compared to mechanical properties, i.e., elongation and compression. Additionally, Rheometric swelling measurements on the swollen hydrogels were performed until they reached equilibrium showed a very low phase angle δ indicating strong covalent network, which intrun increases with increasing content of zwitterions and GO. Swelling kinetics were studied and found to follow Fickian dynamics, albeit zwitterion-containing gels showed a peculiar 2-step swelling pattern. Interestingly, differences in the swelling mechanism are also clear for the hydrogels with 2D GO (Graphene oxide) nano-fillers from its 1D nano-filler CNTs (Carbon nanotubes). In elongation, the samples break in a brittle fashion at Hencky strains εmax around 0.4-0.65 with the maximum stress being observed for samples with high Zw-content and 0.2% GO, which can be explained by the stress-rising properties of sharp edges of GO. In contrast, the data in compression profits from higher GO-contents as crack growth is less important in this deformation mode. This work will contribute to future composite gel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud Hashmi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Department of Polymer & Petrochemical Engineering NED University of Engineering & Technology, Pakistan
| | - Rafiq Ahmed
- Department of Polymer & Petrochemical Engineering NED University of Engineering & Technology, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Alberto García-Peñas
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Departamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química (IAAB), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Awan Zahoor
- Department of Polymer & Petrochemical Engineering NED University of Engineering & Technology, Pakistan
| | - Firoz Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Thamraa Alshahrani
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Florian J Stadler
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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7
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Du H, Yuan T, Zhao R, Hirsch M, Kessler M, Amstad E. Reinforcing hydrogels with in situ formed amorphous CaCO 3. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4949-4958. [PMID: 35861615 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00322h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are often employed for tissue engineering and moistening applications. However, they are rarely used for load-bearing purposes because of their limited stiffness and the stiffness-toughness compromise inherent to them. By contrast, nature uses hydrogel-based materials as scaffolds for load-bearing and protecting materials by mineralizing them. Inspired by nature, the stiffness or toughness of synthetic hydrogels has been increased by forming minerals, such as CaCO3, within them. However, the degree of hydrogel reinforcement achieved with CaCO3 remains limited. To address this limitation, we form CaCO3 biominerals in situ within a model hydrogel, poly(acrylamide) (PAM), and systematically investigate the influence of the size, structure, and morphology of the reinforcing CaCO3 on the mechanical properties of the resulting hydrogels. We demonstrate that especially the structure of CaCO3 and its affinity to the hydrogel matrix strongly influence the mechanical properties of mineralized hydrogels. For example, while the fracture energy of PAM hydrogels is increased 3-fold if reinforced with individual micro-sized CaCO3 crystals, it increases by a factor of 13 if reinforced with a percolating amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) nano-structure that forms in the presence of a sufficient quantity of Mg2+. If PAM is further functionalized with acrylic acid (AA) that possesses a high affinity towards ACC, the stiffness of the hydrogel increases by a factor 50. These fundamental insights on the structure-mechanical property relationship of hydrogels that have been functionalized with in situ formed minerals has the potential to enable tuning the mechanical properties of mineralized hydrogels over a much wider range than what is currently possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachuan Du
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Tianyu Yuan
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Ran Zhao
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Matteo Hirsch
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Kessler
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Esther Amstad
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Grządka E, Godek E, Słowik G, Kowalczuk A, Matusiak J, Maciołek U. Interactions between Nanoclay, CTAB and Linear/Star Shaped Polymers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063051. [PMID: 35328470 PMCID: PMC8955478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of star-shaped (PAA-SS) and linear polyacrylic acid (PAA) with different molecular weights (high—PAA-HMW and low—PAA-LMW) on the structure of the adsorption layer, adsorption amount, electrokinetic and stabilizing properties of the PAA/CTAB/nanoclay suspensions was studied. The properties of the systems containing one of these polymers, the cationic surfactant—hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and the surface-modified nanoclay (N-SM) were analyzed using the following techniques: BET, CHN, FT-IR, ED-XRF, XRD, HRTEM, UV-Vis, tensiometry and zeta potential measurements. It was proved that PAA could be used as an effective stabilizer of N-SM. Moreover, the addition of CTAB caused a significant increase in the stability of the systems but decreased the adsorption of PAA on the N-SM surface and changed the structure of the adsorption layers. The largest stability was observed in the PAA-HMW/CTAB system. The PAA polymers and PAA/CTAB complexes adsorbed, especially on the clay surface, influenced the primary distribution of the layered sheets but kept the same basal d-spacing. The adsorption of PAA and the PAA/CTAB complexes took place mainly at the plate edges and on the contact space between the sheets. The obtained results will be used for the preparation of the PAA/CTAB/nanoclay composite for water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Grządka
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 3 Sq., 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewelina Godek
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 3 Sq., 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Słowik
- Department of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 3 Sq., 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Jakub Matusiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; or
| | - Urszula Maciołek
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 3 Sq., 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
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10
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Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-2-((diethylamino)methyl)-4-methylphenyl acrylate) thermo-ph responsive copolymer: trend in the lower critical solution temperature optimization of Poly (N-isopropyylacrylamide). JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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11
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Cukrowicz S, Sitarz M, Kornaus K, Kaczmarska K, Bobrowski A, Gubernat A, Grabowska B. Organobentonites Modified with Poly(Acrylic Acid) and Its Sodium Salt for Foundry Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1947. [PMID: 33924570 PMCID: PMC8070392 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The article aims to verify the possibility of obtaining an organic-inorganic material acting as both a binder and a lustrous carbon carrier in bentonite-bonded molding sands. Due to the wide industrial application, organoclays can be considered as innovative materials supporting the foundry technology in meeting environmental requirements. In this study, the organic modification of montmorillonite in calcium bentonite (SN) was performed by poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and its sodium salt (PAA/Na). Additionally, for the purpose of comparison, the sodium-activated bentonite/poly(acrylic acid) (SN-Na/PAA) composites were also prepared. The collective analysis of the research results used in the assessment of the mineral/polymer interaction mechanism indicates surface adsorption combined with the intercalation of PAA monolayer into the mineral interlayer spaces. Materials were characterized by the combination of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) methods. Based on the XRD analysis, the influence of PAA/Na on the aluminosilicate layered structure was found to be destructive, which may adversely affect the binding properties of SN/PAA/Na composites considered as a potential group of new foundry binders. The SN/PAA and SN-Na/PPA composites (with appropriate polymer content) can act as a binding agent in the synthetic molding sand technology, despite coating the bentonite particles with polymer molecules. The risk of losing the mineral's binding capacity is reduced by the good binding properties of pol(acrylic acid) itself. The article is the first stage (preceding the thermal analysis and the strength tests of molding sands with the prepared organobentonites) in determining the possibility of obtaining a new full-value foundry binder in molding sands with bentonite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Cukrowicz
- Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 23, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (K.K.); (A.B.); (B.G.)
| | - Maciej Sitarz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.); (K.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Kamil Kornaus
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.); (K.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Karolina Kaczmarska
- Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 23, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (K.K.); (A.B.); (B.G.)
| | - Artur Bobrowski
- Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 23, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (K.K.); (A.B.); (B.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Gubernat
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.); (K.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Beata Grabowska
- Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 23, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (K.K.); (A.B.); (B.G.)
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12
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Menold P, Cölfen H, Stubenrauch C. Mineral plastic foams. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1222-1229. [PMID: 34821915 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe a route to synthesize a mechanically stable, non-flammable poly(acrylic acid)-calcium salt (the so-called mineral plastic) foam whose structure can be tailored. Main steps of the foam synthesis are: (1) foaming of the PAA-containing solution, (2) gelation of the continuous foam phase, and (3) drying of the hydrogel foam. The main challenge was to formulate an aqueous solution with a large amount of poly(acrylic acid), PAA, and calcium to yield a mechanically stable foam. The resulting PAA-based solid foams with pore sizes of around 220 μm can easily be dissolved, i.e. recycled, in an acidic solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Menold
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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13
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Wei J, Xie J, Zhang P, Zou Z, Ping H, Wang W, Xie H, Shen JZ, Lei L, Fu Z. Bioinspired 3D Printable, Self-Healable, and Stretchable Hydrogels with Multiple Conductivities for Skin-like Wearable Strain Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:2952-2960. [PMID: 33411490 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired hydrogels have promising prospects in applications such as wearable devices, human health monitoring equipment, and soft robots due to their multifunctional sensing properties resembling natural skin. However, the preparation of intelligent hydrogels that provide feedback on multiple electronic signals simultaneously, such as human skin receptors, when stimulated by external contact pressure remains a substantial challenge. In this study, we designed a bioinspired hydrogel with multiple conductive capabilities by incorporating carbon nanotubes into a chelate of calcium ions with polyacrylic acid and sodium alginate. The bioinspired hydrogel consolidates self-healing ability, stretchability, 3D printability, and multiple conductivities. It can be fabricated as an integrated strain sensor with simultaneous piezoresistive and piezocapacitive performances, exhibiting sensitive (gauge factor of 6.29 in resistance mode and 1.25 kPa-1 in capacitance mode) responses to subtle pressure changes in the human body, such as finger flexion, knee flexion, and respiration. Furthermore, the bioinspired strain sensor sensitively and discriminatively recognizes the signatures written on it. Hence, we expect our ideas to provide inspiration for studies exploring the use of advanced hydrogels in multifunctional skin-like smart wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Pengchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hang Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hao Xie
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - James Zhijian Shen
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Liwen Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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