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Cui LJ, Dong X, Liu YQ, Pan S, Cui ZH. Transition Metal Behavior of Heavier Alkaline Earth Elements in Doped Monocyclic and Tubular Boron Clusters. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:653-660. [PMID: 38146259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations are carried out to design highly symmetric-doped boron clusters by employing the transition metal behavior of heavier alkaline earth (Ae = Ca, Sr, and Ba) metals. Following an electron counting rule, a set of monocyclic and tubular boron clusters capped by two heavier Ae metals were tested, which leads to the highly symmetric Ae2B8, Ae2B18, and Ae2B30 clusters as true minima on the potential energy surface having a monocyclic ring, two-ring tubular, and three-ring tubular boron motifs, respectively. Then, a thorough global minimum (GM) structural search reveals that a monocyclic B8 ring capped with two Ae atoms is indeed a GM for Ca2B8 and Ba2B8, while for Sr2B8 it is a low-lying isomer. Similarly, the present search also unambiguously shows the most stable isomers of Ae2B18 and Ae2B30 to be highly symmetric two- and three-ring tubular boron motifs, respectively, capped with two Ae atoms on each side of the tube. In these Ae-doped boron clusters, in addition to the electrostatic interactions, a substantial covalent interaction, specifically the bonding occurring between (n - 1)d orbitals of Ae and delocalized orbitals of boron motifs, provides the essential driving force behind their highly symmetrical structures and overall stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Yu-Qian Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
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Wang YJ, Feng LY, Yan M, Zhai HJ. Be 3B 11- cluster: a dynamically fluxional beryllo-borospherene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2846-2852. [PMID: 36621801 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The beryllium-doped Be3B11- cluster has two nearly isoenergetic isomers, adopting the smallest trihedral spherical geometries with a boron single-chain skeleton. The B11 skeleton in the global minimum (C2v, 1A1) comprises three conjoined boron rings (one B8/two B7) on the waist, sharing two B3 equilateral triangles at the top and bottom, respectively. However, the local minimum (Cs, 1A') has one deformed B4 pyramid at the top. The drastic structural transformation of B11 skeletons from perfectly planar B11 clusters mainly profited from robust electrostatic interaction between Be atoms and B11 skeletons. The dynamic simulations suggest that two species can interconvert via a novel mechanism, that is "triangle-pyramid-triangle", which facilitates the free migration of boron atoms in the B11 skeleton, thereby showing the fascinating dynamic fluxionality. The chemical bonding analyses reveal that the B11 skeleton is covered by two types of delocalized π bonds in an orthogonal direction, which leads to its spherical aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou 034000, China.
| | - Lin-Yan Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou 034000, China.
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou 034000, China.
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Solar-Encinas J, Vásquez-Espinal A, Leyva-Parra L, Yañez O, Inostroza D, Valenzuela ML, Orellana W, Tiznado W. Planar Elongated B 12 Structure in M 3B 12 Clusters (M = Cu-Au). Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010236. [PMID: 36615438 PMCID: PMC9822480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, it is shown that the M3B12 (M = Cu-Au) clusters' global minima consist of an elongated planar B12 fragment connected by an in-plane linear M3 fragment. This result is striking since this B12 planar structure is not favored in the bare cluster, nor when one or two metals are added. The minimum energy structures were revealed by screening the potential energy surface using genetic algorithms and density functional theory calculations. Chemical bonding analysis shows that the strong electrostatic interactions with the metal compensate for the high energy spent in the M3 and B12 fragment distortion. Furthermore, metals participate in the delocalized π-bonds, which infers an aromatic character to these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Solar-Encinas
- Programa de Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.V.-E.); (W.T.)
| | - Luis Leyva-Parra
- Programa de Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Osvaldo Yañez
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500000, Chile
| | - Diego Inostroza
- Programa de Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Maria Luisa Valenzuela
- Grupo de Investigación en Energía y Procesos Sustentables, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago 8900000, Chile
| | - Walter Orellana
- Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370136, Chile
| | - William Tiznado
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.V.-E.); (W.T.)
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Dong X, Liu Y, Liu X, Pan S, Cui Z, Merino G. Be
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: A Covalently Bonded Archimedean Beryllo‐Borospherene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208152. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Yu‐qian Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Xin‐bo Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Sudip Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universitt Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Zhong‐hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education) Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310 Mérida, Yuc México
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Dong X, Liu YQ, Liu XB, Pan S, Cui ZH, Merino G. Be4B12+: A Covalently Bonded Archimedean Beryllo‐Borospherene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Jilin University Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics CHINA
| | - Yu-qian Liu
- Jilin University Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics CHINA
| | - Xin-bo Liu
- Jilin University Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics CHINA
| | - Sudip Pan
- University of Marburg: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie Descending Number of Current Assignments GERMANY
| | - Zhong-hua Cui
- Jilin University Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics CHINA
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional Fisica Aplicada Km. 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310 Merida MEXICO
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Yan L. Large B 7 Triangles in Hollow Spherical Trihedral Metallo-borospherenes and Their Endohedral Complexes of B 20TM n (TM = Sc, Y; n = 3, 4): a Theoretical Characterization. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10652-10660. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yan
- College of Electronics & Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, People’s Republic of China
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Solar-Encinas J, Leyva-Parra L, Yáñez O, Inostroza D, Barrios-Llacuachaqui JR, Vásquez-Espinal A, Orellana W, Tiznado W. Bowl-shaped CuB12- Cluster. A viable Global Minimum with Twofold Aromaticity. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200366. [PMID: 35785508 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A low-lying structure is revealed for the CuB 12 - cluster, which is bowl-shaped. It consists of a triangular CuB 2 base and a B 10 rim. Molecular dynamics simulations evidence its structural robustness; at an elevated temperature (600 K), the base rotates reversibly within the B 10 perimeter. Chemical bonding analysis detects 2σ- and 3π-delocalized bonds, suggesting double aromaticity, which is confirmed by two diatropic and concentric ring currents under an external magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Osvaldo Yáñez
- Universidad de Las Americas, Ingeniería y Negocios, CHILE
| | | | | | | | | | - William Tiznado
- Universidad Andres Bello, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida República 275, 8320000, Santiago, CHILE
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Đorđević S, Radenković S. Electronic structure, stability, and aromaticity of M 2B 6 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba): an interplay between spin pairing and electron delocalization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5833-5841. [PMID: 35225998 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04791d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown in previous studies that the Be2B6 complex exhibits a triplet ground state with double aromaticity. In this work, the stability, electronic structure, and aromaticity of the homologous series M2B6 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) were examined and compared to those of Be2B6. At the CCSD(T)/def2-TZVP//B3LYP/def2-TZVP level of theory, the target molecules were found to be more stable in the singlet than in the triplet spin state. Magnetically induced current densities and multicentre delocalization index (MCI) were employed to assess the aromatic character of the studied complexes. Both employed methods agree that M2B6 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) are π aromatic and σ nonaromatic in the singlet ground state, and double aromatic in the triplet state. It was demonstrated that the electron counting rules of aromaticity cannot be used to correctly predict the aromaticity and relative stability of the examined molecules in different spin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slađana Đorđević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, P. O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Slavko Radenković
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, P. O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
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Barroso J, Pan S, Merino G. Structural transformations in boron clusters induced by metal doping. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1098-1123. [PMID: 35029622 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00747e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, experimental techniques in conjunction with theoretical analyses have revealed the surprising structural diversity of boron clusters. Although the 2D to 3D transition thresholds are well-established, there is no certainty about the factors that determine the geometry adopted by these systems. The structural transformation induced by doping usually yields a minimum energy structure with a boron skeleton entirely different from that of the bare cluster. This review summarizes those clusters no larger than 40 boron atoms where one or two dopants show a radical transformation of the structure. Although the structures of these systems are not easy to predict, they often adopt familiar shapes such as umbrella-like, wheel, tubular, and cages in various cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Barroso
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida, km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310, Mérida, Yuc., Mexico.
| | - Sudip Pan
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida, km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310, Mérida, Yuc., Mexico.
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida, km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310, Mérida, Yuc., Mexico.
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Ariyarathna IR. Ground and Electronically Excited States of Main-Group-Metal-Doped B 20 Double Rings. J Phys Chem A 2021; 126:506-512. [PMID: 34939805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio coupled-cluster, electron propagator, and Møller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory calculations are utilized to analyze the low-lying electronic states of several metal-doped B20. In the ground state, the presently focused AB20/EB20 (A = Li, Na, and K; E = Mg and Ca) consist of charge-separated A+B20-/E2+B202- frameworks. The excited electronic states of AB20 and EB20+ were analyzed by computing the vertical electron attachment energies (VEAEs) of AB20+ and EB202+. In several excited states, the radical electron is predominantly localized on the B20 frames, which are counterparts of the low-lying states of bare B20-. A variety of basis sets were tested on obtaining VEAEs, and the aug-cc-pVDZ/A,E d-aug-cc-pVDZ/B combination provided the best accuracy-efficiency compromise on them. Furthermore, this work analyzes the Rydberg-like excited states of AB20 and EB20+ and will serve as a guide for future studies on similar metal-doped boron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isuru R Ariyarathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5312, United States
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Dong X, Chen C, Cui ZH. Tuning structural preference of negatively charged B16 by ionically or covalently interacting with alkali and coinage metals. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Buelna-García CE, Robles-Chaparro E, Parra-Arellano T, Quiroz-Castillo JM, del-Castillo-Castro T, Martínez-Guajardo G, Castillo-Quevedo C, de-León-Flores A, Anzueto-Sánchez G, Martin-del-Campo-Solis MF, Mendoza-Wilson AM, Vásquez-Espinal A, Cabellos JL. Theoretical Prediction of Structures, Vibrational Circular Dichroism, and Infrared Spectra of Chiral Be 4B 8 Cluster at Different Temperatures. Molecules 2021; 26:3953. [PMID: 34203563 PMCID: PMC8271876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lowest-energy structures, the distribution of isomers, and their molecular properties depend significantly on geometry and temperature. Total energy computations using DFT methodology are typically carried out at a temperature of zero K; thereby, entropic contributions to the total energy are neglected, even though functional materials work at finite temperatures. In the present study, the probability of the occurrence of one particular Be4B8 isomer at temperature T is estimated by employing Gibbs free energy computed within the framework of quantum statistical mechanics and nanothermodynamics. To identify a list of all possible low-energy chiral and achiral structures, an exhaustive and efficient exploration of the potential/free energy surfaces is carried out using a multi-level multistep global genetic algorithm search coupled with DFT. In addition, we discuss the energetic ordering of structures computed at the DFT level against single-point energy calculations at the CCSD(T) level of theory. The total VCD/IR spectra as a function of temperature are computed using each isomer's probability of occurrence in a Boltzmann-weighted superposition of each isomer's spectrum. Additionally, we present chemical bonding analysis using the adaptive natural density partitioning method in the chiral putative global minimum. The transition state structures and the enantiomer-enantiomer and enantiomer-achiral activation energies as a function of temperature evidence that a change from an endergonic to an exergonic type of reaction occurs at a temperature of 739 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Emiliano Buelna-García
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Edificio 3G, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (C.E.B.-G.); (J.M.Q.-C.); (T.d.-C.-C.)
- Organización Científica y Tecnológica del Desierto, Hermosillo 83150, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Robles-Chaparro
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biologicas, Edificio 5A, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (E.R.-C.); (T.P.-A.); (A.d.-L.-F.)
| | - Tristan Parra-Arellano
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biologicas, Edificio 5A, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (E.R.-C.); (T.P.-A.); (A.d.-L.-F.)
| | - Jesus Manuel Quiroz-Castillo
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Edificio 3G, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (C.E.B.-G.); (J.M.Q.-C.); (T.d.-C.-C.)
| | - Teresa del-Castillo-Castro
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Edificio 3G, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (C.E.B.-G.); (J.M.Q.-C.); (T.d.-C.-C.)
| | - Gerardo Martínez-Guajardo
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Área de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónomade Zacatecas, Km. 6 Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara s/n, Ejido La Escondida C.P., Zacatecas 98160, Zac, Mexico;
| | - Cesar Castillo-Quevedo
- Departamento de Fundamentos del Conocimiento, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Federal No. 23, Km. 191, C.P., Colotlán 46200, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.C.-Q.); (M.F.M.-d.-C.-S.)
| | - Aned de-León-Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biologicas, Edificio 5A, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (E.R.-C.); (T.P.-A.); (A.d.-L.-F.)
| | | | - Martha Fabiola Martin-del-Campo-Solis
- Departamento de Fundamentos del Conocimiento, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Federal No. 23, Km. 191, C.P., Colotlán 46200, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.C.-Q.); (M.F.M.-d.-C.-S.)
| | - Ana Maria Mendoza-Wilson
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, CIAD, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 498, Santiago 8370035, Chile;
| | - Jose Luis Cabellos
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Edificio 3M, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
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