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Lai Y, Zhao C, Tian Z, Wang C, Fan J, Hu X, Tu J, Li T, Leitz J, Pfuetzner RA, Liu Z, Zhang S, Su Z, Burré J, Li D, Südhof TC, Zhu ZJ, Liu C, Brunger AT, Diao J. Neutral lysophosphatidylcholine mediates α-synuclein-induced synaptic vesicle clustering. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310174120. [PMID: 37883437 PMCID: PMC10622907 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310174120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein (α-Syn) is a presynaptic protein that is involved in Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases and binds to negatively charged phospholipids. Previously, we reported that α-Syn clusters synthetic proteoliposomes that mimic synaptic vesicles. This vesicle-clustering activity depends on a specific interaction of α-Syn with anionic phospholipids. Here, we report that α-Syn surprisingly also interacts with the neutral phospholipid lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC). Even in the absence of anionic lipids, lysoPC facilitates α-Syn-induced vesicle clustering but has no effect on Ca2+-triggered fusion in a single vesicle-vesicle fusion assay. The A30P mutant of α-Syn that causes familial Parkinson disease has a reduced affinity to lysoPC and does not induce vesicle clustering. Taken together, the α-Syn-lysoPC interaction may play a role in α-Syn function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610065, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA94305
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Zhiqi Tian
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH45267
| | - Chuchu Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA94305
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610065, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH45267
| | - Jia Tu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Tihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Cryo-electron Microscopy Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610065, China
| | - Jeremy Leitz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA94305
| | - Richard A. Pfuetzner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA94305
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Zhaoming Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Cryo-electron Microscopy Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610065, China
| | - Jacqueline Burré
- Brain and Mind Research Institute and Appel Institute for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200230, China
| | - Thomas C. Südhof
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA94305
- HHMI, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA94305
| | - Zheng-Jiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Axel T. Brunger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA94305
- HHMI, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA94305
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH45267
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McClain SM, Milchberg MH, Rienstra CM, Murphy CJ. Biologically Representative Lipid-Coated Gold Nanoparticles and Phospholipid Vesicles for the Study of Alpha-Synuclein/Membrane Interactions. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20387-20401. [PMID: 37782491 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein is an intrinsically disordered protein whose formation of beta-sheet-rich protein aggregates in the brain is implicated in the development of Parkinson's disease. Due to its believed role in synaptic vesicle trafficking and neurotransmission, many studies have employed simple, synthetic model systems to investigate alpha-synuclein/membrane interactions in an attempt to gain a better understanding of the protein's native and pathogenic functions. Interestingly, these studies seem to suggest that alpha-synuclein interacts differently with rigid vesicle mimics in comparison to malleable vesicle mimics. However, the use of different mimic sizes and surface chemistries across existing studies makes it challenging to directly compare the effects of membrane mechanical properties on protein behavior observed thus far. In this work, we developed a synaptic vesicle mimic library comprising a range of both malleable and rigid synaptic vesicle mimics possessing the same size and biologically representative lipid surface chemistry. Limited proteolysis mass spectrometry experiments revealed distinct fragmentation patterns between rigid and malleable synaptic vesicle mimics. The N-terminal and C-terminal regions of alpha-synuclein were found to become less solvent-accessible upon binding to all synaptic vesicle mimics. Nevertheless, minor variations in digestion pattern were observed in the central region of the protein dependent upon mimic size, rigidity, and lipid composition. Higher binding affinities were observed for alpha-synuclein binding to rigid synaptic vesicle mimics compared to malleable synaptic vesicle mimics. Additionally, the binding affinity of alpha-synuclein toward small lipid vesicles and small lipid-coated gold nanoparticles without cholesterol was found to be lower than that of their respective malleable and rigid counterparts. Interestingly, the binding curves for the rigid synaptic vesicle mimics demonstrated a nontraditional peak and dip shape believed to arise from differences in alpha-synuclein orientation on the particle surface at different protein-to-particle incubation ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M McClain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Moses H Milchberg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Chad M Rienstra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Catherine J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Tyoe O, Aryal C, Diao J. Docosahexaenoic acid promotes vesicle clustering mediated by alpha-Synuclein via electrostatic interaction. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2023; 46:96. [PMID: 37823961 PMCID: PMC10611297 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is an intrinsically disordered protein whose aggregation is associated with Parkinson's disease, dementia, and other neurodegenerative diseases known as synucleinopathies. However, the functional role of α-Syn is still unclear, although it has been shown to be involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release via the interaction with synaptic vesicles (SVs), vesicle clustering, and SNARE complex assembly. Fatty acids have significant occupancy in synaptic vesicles; and recent studies suggest the interaction of fatty acids with α-Syn affect the formation of (pathological) aggregates, but it is less clear how fatty acids affects the functional role of α-Syn including α-Syn-membrane interactions, in particular with (SV-like) vesicles. Here, we report the concentration dependent effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in synaptic-like vesicle clustering via α-Syn interaction. Through molecular dynamics simulation, we revealed that DHA promoted vesicle clustering is due to the electrostatic interaction between DHA in the membrane and the N-terminal region of α-Syn. Moreover, this increased electrostatic interaction arises from a change in the macroscopic properties of the protein-membrane interface induced by (preferential solvation of) DHA. Our results provide insight as to how DHA regulates vesicle clustering mediated by α-Syn and may further be useful to understand its physiological as well as pathological role. Description: In physiological environments, α-Synuclein (α-Syn) localizes at nerve termini and synaptic vesicles and interacts with anionic phospholipid membranes to promote vesicle clustering. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increases binding affinity between α-Syn and lipid membranes by increasing electrostatic interaction energy through modulating the local and global membrane environment and conformational properties of α-Syn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Tyoe
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati College of Arts and Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Chinta Aryal
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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Qi Z, Wan M, Zhang J, Li Z. Influence of Cholesterol on the Membrane Binding and Conformation of α-Synuclein. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1956-1964. [PMID: 36812386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The α-Synuclein (α-Syn) plays an important role in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD), and its oligomers and fibrils are toxic to the nervous system. As organisms age, the cholesterol content in biological membranes increases, which is a potential cause of PD. Cholesterol may affect the membrane binding of α-Syn and its abnormal aggregation, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we present our molecular dynamics simulation studies on the interaction between α-Syn and lipid membranes, with or without cholesterol. It is demonstrated that cholesterol provides additional hydrogen bond interaction with α-Syn; however, the coulomb interaction and hydrophobic interaction between α-Syn and lipid membranes could be weakened by cholesterol. In addition, cholesterol leads to the shrinking of lipid packing defects and the decrease of lipid fluidity, thereby shortening the membrane binding region of α-Syn. Under these multifaceted effects of cholesterol, membrane-bound α-Syn shows signs of forming a β-sheet structure, which may further induce the formation of abnormal α-Syn fibrils. These results provide important information for the understanding of membrane binding of α-Syn, and they are expected to promote the bridging between cholesterol and the pathological aggregation of α-Syn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Menglin Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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Woods B, Thompson KC, Szita N, Chen S, Milanesi L, Tomas S. Confinement effect on hydrolysis in small lipid vesicles. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2616-2623. [PMID: 36908967 PMCID: PMC9993861 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05747f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In living organisms most chemical reactions take place within the confines of lipid-membrane bound compartments, while confinement within the bounds of a lipid membrane is thought to be a key step in abiogenesis. In previous work we demonstrated that confinement in the aqueous cavity of a lipid vesicle affords protection against hydrolysis, a phenomenon that we term here confinement effect (C e) and that we attributed to the interaction with the lipid membrane. Here, we show that both the size and the shape of the cavity of the vesicle modulate the C e. We link this observation to the packing of the lipid following changes in membrane curvature, and formulate a mathematical model that relates the C e to the radius of a spherical vesicle and the packing parameter of the lipids. These results suggest that the shape of the compartment where a molecule is located plays a major role in controlling the chemical reactivity of non-enzymatic reactions. Moreover, the mathematical treatment we propose offers a useful tool for the design of vesicles with predictable reaction rates of the confined molecules, e.g., drug delivery vesicles with confined prodrugs. The results also show that a crude form of signal transduction, devoid of complex biological machinery, can be achieved by any external stimuli that drastically changes the structure of the membrane, like the osmotic shocks used in the present work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Woods
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London Malet Street London WC1E 7HX UK
| | - Katherine C Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London Malet Street London WC1E 7HX UK
| | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building Gordon Street London WC1H 0AH UK
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London Malet Street London WC1E 7HX UK
| | - Lilia Milanesi
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands Ctra. de Valldemossa, Km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Salvador Tomas
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London Malet Street London WC1E 7HX UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands Ctra. de Valldemossa, Km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain
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Xue M, Cao Y, Shen C, Guo W. Computational Advances of Protein/Neurotransmitter-membrane Interactions Involved in Vesicle Fusion and Neurotransmitter Release. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167818. [PMID: 36089056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vesicle fusion is of crucial importance to neuronal communication at neuron terminals. The exquisite but complex fusion machinery for neurotransmitter release is tightly controlled and regulated by protein/neurotransmitter-membrane interactions. Computational 'microscopies', in particular molecular dynamics simulations and related techniques, have provided notable insight into the physiological process over the past decades, and have made enormous contributions to fields such as neurology, pharmacology and pathophysiology. Here we review the computational advances of protein/neurotransmitter-membrane interactions related to presynaptic vesicle-membrane fusion and neurotransmitter release, and outline the in silico challenges ahead for understanding this important physiological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Xue
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Yuwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Shen
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
| | - Wanlin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Liang Q, Ofosuhene AP, Kiessling V, Liang B, Kreutzberger AJB, Tamm LK, Cafiso DS. Complexin-1 and synaptotagmin-1 compete for binding sites on membranes containing PtdInsP 2. Biophys J 2022; 121:3370-3380. [PMID: 36016497 PMCID: PMC9515229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexin-1 is an essential protein for neuronal exocytosis that acts to depress spontaneous fusion events while enhancing evoked neurotransmitter release. In addition to binding soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors, it is well established that complexin associates with membranes in a manner that depends upon membrane curvature. In the present work, we examine the membrane binding of complexin using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, fluorescence anisotropy, and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. The apparent membrane affinity of complexin is found to strongly depend upon the concentration of protein used in the binding assay, and this is a result of a limited number of binding sites for complexin on the membrane interface. Although both the N- and C-terminal regions of complexin associate with the membrane interface, membrane affinity is driven by its C-terminus. Complexin prefers to bind liquid-disordered membrane phases and shows an enhanced affinity toward membranes containing phosphatidylinositol 4-5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2). In the presence of PI(4,5)P2, complexin is displaced from the membrane surface by proteins that bind to or sequester PI(4,5)P2. In particular, the neuronal calcium sensor synaptotagmin-1 displaces complexin from the membrane but only when PI(4,5)P2 is present. Complexin and synaptotagmin compete on the membrane interface in the presence of PI(4,5)P2, and this interaction may play a role in calcium-triggered exocytosis by displacing complexin from its fusion-inhibiting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Akosua P Ofosuhene
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Volker Kiessling
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Center for Membrane Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Binyong Liang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Center for Membrane Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Alex J B Kreutzberger
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Center for Membrane Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Lukas K Tamm
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Center for Membrane Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - David S Cafiso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Center for Membrane Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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Sarchione A, Marchand A, Taymans JM, Chartier-Harlin MC. Alpha-Synuclein and Lipids: The Elephant in the Room? Cells 2021; 10:2452. [PMID: 34572099 PMCID: PMC8467310 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the initial identification of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) at the synapse, numerous studies demonstrated that α-syn is a key player in the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. Recent advances underline interactions between α-syn and lipids that also participate in α-syn misfolding and aggregation. In addition, increasing evidence demonstrates that α-syn plays a major role in different steps of synaptic exocytosis. Thus, we reviewed literature showing (1) the interplay among α-syn, lipids, and lipid membranes; (2) advances of α-syn synaptic functions in exocytosis. These data underscore a fundamental role of α-syn/lipid interplay that also contributes to synaptic defects in PD. The importance of lipids in PD is further highlighted by data showing the impact of α-syn on lipid metabolism, modulation of α-syn levels by lipids, as well as the identification of genetic determinants involved in lipid homeostasis associated with α-syn pathologies. While questions still remain, these recent developments open the way to new therapeutic strategies for PD and related disorders including some based on modulating synaptic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.S.); (A.M.); (J.-M.T.)
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