1
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Tu JL, Huang B. Titanium in photocatalytic organic transformations: current applications and future developments. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6650-6664. [PMID: 39118484 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01152j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Titanium, as an important transition metal, has garnered extensive attention in both industry and academia due to its excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and unique reactivity in organic synthesis. In the field of organic photocatalysis, titanium-based compounds such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), titanocenes (Cp2TiCl2, CpTiCl3), titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), tetrakis(isopropoxy)titanium (Ti(OiPr)4), and chiral titanium complexes have demonstrated distinct reactivity and selectivity. This review focuses on the roles of these titanium compounds in photocatalytic organic reactions, and highlights the reaction pathways such as photo-induced single-electron transfer (SET) and ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). By systematically surveying the latest advancements in titanium-involved organic photocatalysis, this review aims to provide references for further research and technological innovation within this fast-developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Tu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519085, China.
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Binbin Huang
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519085, China.
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2
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Brown S, Warren MR, Kubicki DJ, Fitzpatrick A, Pike SD. Photoinitiated Single-Crystal to Single-Crystal Redox Transformations of Titanium-Oxo Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17325-17333. [PMID: 38865257 PMCID: PMC11212046 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Titanium-oxo clusters can undergo photochemical reactions under UV light, resulting in the reduction of the titanium-oxo core and oxidation of surface ligands. This is an important step in photocatalytic processes in light-absorbing Ti/O-based clusters, metal-organic frameworks, and (nano)material surfaces; however, studying the direct outcome of this photochemical process is challenging due to the fragility of the immediate photoproducts. In this report, titanium-oxo clusters [TiO(OiPr)(L)]n (n = 4, L = O2PPh2, or n = 6, L = O2CCH2tBu) undergo a two-electron photoredox reaction in the single-crystal state via an irreversible single-crystal to single-crystal (SC-SC) transformation initiated by a UV laser. The process is monitored by single crystal X-ray diffraction revealing the photoreduction of the cluster with coproduction of an (oxidized) acetone ligand, which is retained in the structure as a ligand to Ti(3+). The results demonstrate that photochemistry of inorganic molecules can be studied in the single crystal phase, allowing characterization of photoproducts which are unstable in the solution phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen
E. Brown
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Mark R. Warren
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | | | - Ann Fitzpatrick
- RAL
Space, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Sebastian D. Pike
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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3
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Wang B, Huang X, Bi H, Liu J. Electroreductive alkylations of (hetero)arenes with carboxylic acids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4970. [PMID: 38862567 PMCID: PMC11166922 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Carboxylic acids are widely available and generally inexpensive from abundant biomass feedstocks, and they are suitable and generic coupling partners in synthetic chemistry. Reported herein is an electroreductive coupling of stable and versatile carboxylic acids with (hetero)arenes using protons as the hydrogen source. The application of an earth-abundant titanium catalyst has significantly improved the deoxygenative reduction process. Preliminary mechanistic studies provide insights into the deoxygenative reduction of in-situ generated ketone pathway, and the intermediacy generation of ketyl radical and alkylidene titanocene. Without the necessity of pressurized hydrogen or stoichiometric hydride as reductants, this protocol enables highly selective and straightforward synthesis of various functionalized and structurally diverse alkylbenzenes under mild conditions. The utility of this reaction is further demonstrated through practical and valuable isotope incorporation from readily available deuterium source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Xianshuai Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Huihua Bi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China.
- Greater Bay Area Institute for Innovation, Hunan University, 511300, Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Parte LG, Fernández S, Sandonís E, Guerra J, López E. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Transformations for the Synthesis of Marine Drugs. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:253. [PMID: 38921564 PMCID: PMC11204618 DOI: 10.3390/md22060253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition metal catalysis has contributed to the discovery of novel methodologies and the preparation of natural products, as well as new chances to increase the chemical space in drug discovery programs. In the case of marine drugs, this strategy has been used to achieve selective, sustainable and efficient transformations, which cannot be obtained otherwise. In this perspective, we aim to showcase how a variety of transition metals have provided fruitful couplings in a wide variety of marine drug-like scaffolds over the past few years, by accelerating the production of these valuable molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía G. Parte
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Science Faculty, University of Valladolid (UVa), Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (L.G.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Sergio Fernández
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;
| | - Eva Sandonís
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Science Faculty, University of Valladolid (UVa), Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (L.G.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Javier Guerra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Science Faculty, University of Valladolid (UVa), Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (L.G.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Enol López
- Department of Organic Chemistry, ITAP, School of Engineering (EII), University of Valladolid (UVa), Dr Mergelina, 47002 Valladolid, Spain
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5
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Álvarez-Ruiz E, Sancho I, Navarro M, Fernández I, Santamaría C, Hernán-Gómez A. A Mixed-Valence Ti(II)/Ti(III) Inverted Sandwich Compound as a Regioselective Catalyst for the Uncommon 1,3,5-Alkyne Cyclotrimerization. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8642-8653. [PMID: 38690944 PMCID: PMC11094787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, and catalytic activity of a Ti(II)/Ti(III) inverted sandwich compound are presented in this study. Synthesis of the arene-bridged dititanium compound begins with the preparation of the titanium(IV) precursor [TiCl2(MesPDA)(thf)2] (MesPDA = N,N'-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-o-phenylenediamide) (2). The reduction of 2 with sodium metal results in species [{Ti(MesPDA)(thf)}2(μ-Cl)3{Na}] (3) in oxidation state III. To achieve the lower oxidation state II, 2 undergoes reduction through alkylation with lithium cyclopentyl. This alkylation approach triggers a cascade of reactions, including β-hydride abstraction/elimination, hydrogen evolution, and chemical reduction, to generate the Ti(II)/Ti(III) compound [Li(thf)4][(TiMesPDA)2(μ-η6: η6-C6H6)] (4). X-ray and EPR characterization confirms the mixed-valence states of the titanium species. Compound 4 catalyzes a mild, efficient, and regiospecific cyclotrimerization of alkynes to form 1,3,5-substituted arenes. Kinetic data support a mechanism involving a binuclear titanium arene compound, similar to compound 4, as the resting state. The active catalyst promotes the oxidative coupling of two alkynes in the rate-limiting step, followed by a rapid [4 + 2] cycloaddition to form the arene product. Computational analysis of the resting state for the cycloaddition of trimethylsilylacetylene indicates a thermodynamic preference for stabilizing the 1,3,5-arene within the space between the two [TiMesPDA] fragments, consistent with the observed regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Álvarez-Ruiz
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,
Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés
M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad
de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E-28805, Spain
| | - Ignacio Sancho
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,
Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés
M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad
de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E-28805, Spain
| | - Marta Navarro
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica,
Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Cristina Santamaría
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,
Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés
M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad
de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E-28805, Spain
| | - Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,
Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés
M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad
de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E-28805, Spain
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6
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Lätsch L, Guda SA, Romankov V, Wartmann C, Neudörfl JM, Dreiser J, Berkessel A, Guda AA, Copéret C. Tracking Coordination Environment and Reaction Intermediates in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Epoxidation Catalysts via Ti L 2,3-Edge Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7456-7466. [PMID: 38447178 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Ti-based molecules and materials are ubiquitous and play a major role in both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic processes. Understanding the electronic structures of their active sites (oxidation state, local symmetry, and ligand environment) is key to developing molecular-level structure-property relationships. In that context, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) offers a unique combination of elemental selectivity and sensitivity to local symmetry. Commonly, for early transition metals such as Ti, K-edge XAS is applied for in situ characterization and subsequent structural analysis with high sensitivity toward tetrahedral species. Ti L2,3-edge spectroscopy is in principle complementary and offers specific opportunities to interrogate the electronic structure of five-and six-coordinated species. It is, however, much more rarely implemented because the use of soft X-rays implies ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Furthermore, the interpretation of the data can be challenging. Here, we show how Ti L2,3-edge spectroscopy can help to obtain unique information about both homogeneous and heterogeneous epoxidation catalysts and develop a molecular-level relationship between spectroscopic signatures and electronic structures. Toward this goal, we first establish a spectral library of molecular Ti reference compounds, comprising various coordination environments with mono- and dimeric Ti species having O, N, and Cl ligands. We next implemented a computational methodology based on multiplet ligand field theory and maximally localized Wannier orbitals benchmarked on our library to understand Ti L2,3-edge spectroscopic signatures. We finally used this approach to track and predict the spectra of catalytically relevant intermediates, focusing on Ti-based olefin epoxidation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lätsch
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, CH 8093Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sergey A Guda
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova 178324, 344090Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vladyslav Romankov
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Christina Wartmann
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg-M Neudörfl
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Dreiser
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander A Guda
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova 178324, 344090Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, CH 8093Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Rumyantsev AV, Bushkov NS, Ryzhikova MA, Zhizhin AA, Takazova RU, Talanova VN, Gutsul EI, Novikov RA, Zhizhko PA, Zarubin DN. Readily available Ti-based in situ catalytic system for oxo/imido heterometathesis. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4976-4983. [PMID: 38393646 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04388f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
We investigate Ti(NEt2)4 supported on silica dehydroxylated at 700 °C as an easily accessible pre-catalyst for oxo/imido heterometathesis reactions. Being activated with TolNH2, the supported Ti amide (SiO)Ti(NEt2)3 (1) demonstrates catalytic activity in the imidation of ketones with N-sulfinylamines comparable with the most active previously described well-defined imido catalyst (SiO)Ti(NtBu)(Me2Pyr)(py)2 (2) (Me2Pyr = 2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl), which implies the in situ formation of surface imido species in this system. The materials obtained via treatment of 1 with anilines (TolNH2 (1a) and p-MeOC6H415NH2 (1b)) were studied with IR, EA and 1H, 13C, 15N and 2D solid-state NMR, although the proposed imido intermediate has not been detected, pointing towards tris-amides (SiO)Ti(NHC6H4X)3 (X = Me, OMe) being the major surface species in the isolated materials 1a and 1b. The system 1/TolNH2 was tested in a range of imidation reactions and demonstrated excellent performance for express high-yielding preparation of ketimines, formamidines, lactone imidates and sulfurdiimines, making it a convenient alternative to the well-defined supported Ti imido catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Rumyantsev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Vorob'evy Gory, 1, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai S Bushkov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Margarita A Ryzhikova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
- Higher Chemical College, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton A Zhizhin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Rina U Takazova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Valeria N Talanova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Evgenii I Gutsul
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Roman A Novikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A Zhizhko
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry N Zarubin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
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8
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Morozov AG, Dodonov VA, Rychagova EA, Ketkov SY, Fedushkin IL. Ligand-Induced Intramolecular Redox Diversity in Titanium Complexes with Acenaphthene-1,2-diimine. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4657-4668. [PMID: 38401059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
A series of the chlorido and alkoxychlorido titanium complexes of the general formula (dpp-Bian)Ti(OiPr)nCl3-n, where dpp-Bian = 1,2-bis[(2,6-iPr2C6H3)imino]acenaphthene n = 0 (2), 1 (3), 2 (4), as well as (dpp-Bian)Ti(OiPr)2 (5) and (dpp-Bian)Ti(OiPr)Cl3 (3-Cl), were isolated and characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and spectroscopic studies combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In the solid state, compounds 2-4 reveal a square-pyramidal geometry at the metal center supported with monoanionic dpp-Bian, whereas 3-Cl with a neutral diimine ligand and 5 bearing a dianionic enebisamide dpp-Bian show, respectively, an octahedral and tetrahedral coordination surrounding the metal ion. Paramagnetic complexes 2-4 exhibit electron paramagnetic resonance spectra in both toluene solution and solid state, confirming the transfer of spin density from the metal ion to the dpp-Bian ligand as the number of alkoxy groups increases. The increase in polarity of the Ti-N bonds in the row 2 < 3 < 4 contributes to enhanced stability of the metal complexes with respect to O-donor molecules. Thus, in tetrahydrofuran (THF), compounds 2 and 3 undergo reversible solvolysis, whereas complex 4 is stable. The charge and spin density distributions as well as molecular orbital energies in 2-4 were analyzed on the basis of DFT calculations which also provided information on the electronic transition energies, absorption band assignments, and thermodynamic parameters of the reactions between the complexes and THF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Morozov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A Dodonov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Elena A Rychagova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Yu Ketkov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Igor L Fedushkin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
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9
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Li S, Jiao H, Shu XZ, Wu L. Zirconium and hafnium catalyzed C-C single bond hydroboration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1846. [PMID: 38418499 PMCID: PMC10902336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective cleavage and subsequent functionalization of C-C single bonds present a fundamental challenge in synthetic organic chemistry. Traditionally, the activation of C-C single bonds has been achieved using stoichiometric transition-metal complexes. Recently, examples of catalytic processes were developed in which use is made of precious metals. However, the use of inexpensive and Earth-abundant group IV metals for catalytic C-C single-bond cleavage is largely underdeveloped. Herein, the zirconium-catalyzed C-C single-bond cleavage and subsequent hydroboration reactions is realized using Cp2ZrCl2 as a catalytic system. A series of structures of various γ-boronated amines are readily obtained, which are otherwise difficult to obtain. Mechanistic studies disclose the formation of a N-ZrIV species, and then a β-carbon elimination route is responsible for C-C single bond activation. Besides zirconium, hafnium exhibits a similar performance for this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Xing-Zhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Lipeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China.
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10
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Yao L, Bao J, Wang Y, Gui J. Titanium-Mediated Dehydroxylative Cross-Coupling of Allylic Alcohols with Electron-Deficient Olefins. Org Lett 2024; 26:1243-1248. [PMID: 38315609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Herein we report a Ti(III)-mediated dehydroxylative cross-coupling reaction of allylic alcohols with electron-deficient olefins. This reaction is amenable to various synthetically versatile allylic alcohols, including geraniol and farnesol, providing a general method for dehydroxylative C-C bond formation. We demonstrated the reaction's utility by simplifying the syntheses of eight useful building blocks that are otherwise laborious to prepare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcai Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiajing Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinghan Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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11
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Zhang T, Jiang S, Qian MY, Zhou QL, Xiao LJ. Ligand-Controlled Regiodivergent Nickel-Catalyzed Hydroaminoalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3458-3470. [PMID: 38270100 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Ligand modulation of transition-metal catalysts to achieve optimal reactivity and selectivity in alkene hydrofunctionalization is a fundamental challenge in synthetic organic chemistry. Hydroaminoalkylation, an atom-economical approach for alkylating amines using alkenes, is particularly significant for amine synthesis in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and fine chemical industries. However, the existing methods usually require specific substrate combinations to achieve precise regio- and stereoselectivity, which limits their practical utility. Protocols allowing for regiodivergent hydroaminoalkylation from the same starting materials, controlling both regiochemical and stereochemical outcomes, are currently absent. Herein, we report a ligand-controlled, regiodivergent nickel-catalyzed hydroaminoalkylation of unactivated alkenes with N-sulfonyl amines. The reaction initiates with amine dehydrogenation and involves aza-nickelacycle intermediates. Tritert-butylphosphine promotes branched regioselectivity and syn diastereoselectivity, whereas ethyldiphenylphosphine enables linear selectivity, yielding regioisomers with inverse orientation. Systematic evaluation of diverse monodentate phosphine ligands reveals distinct regioselectivity cliffs, and % Vbur (min), a ligand steric descriptor, was established as a predictive parameter correlating ligand structure to regioselectivity. Computational investigations supported experimental findings, offering mechanistic insights into the origins of regioselectivity. Our method provides an efficient and predictable route for amine synthesis, demonstrating broad substrate scope, excellent tolerance toward various functional groups, and practical advantages. These include the use of readily available starting materials and cost-effective nickel(II) salts as precatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Meng-Ying Qian
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li-Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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12
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Oloyede UN, Flowers RA. Coordination-induced bond weakening and small molecule activation by low-valent titanium complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2413-2441. [PMID: 38224159 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03454b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Bond activation of small molecules through coordination to low valent metal complexes in M⋯X-H type interactions (where X = O, N, B, Si, etc.) leads to the formation of unusually weak X-H bonds and provides a powerful approach for the synthesis of target compounds under very mild conditions. Coordination of small molecules like water, amides, silanes, boranes, and dinitrogen to Ti(III) or Ti(II) complexes results in the synergetic redistribution of electrons between the metal orbitals and the ligand orbitals which weakens and enables the facile cleavage of the X-H or N-N bonds of the ligands. This review presents an overview of coordination-induced bond activation of small molecules by low valent titanium complexes. In particular, the applications of low valent titanium-induced bond weakening in nitrogen fixation are presented. The review concludes with potential future directions for work in this area including low-valent Ti-based PCET systems, photocatalytic nitrogen reduction, and approaches to tailoring complexes for optimal bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert A Flowers
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.
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13
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Maikhuri VK, Mathur D, Chaudhary A, Kumar R, Parmar VS, Singh BK. Transition-Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrimidines: Recent Advances, Mechanism, Scope and Future Perspectives. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:4. [PMID: 38296918 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Pyrimidine is a pharmacologically important moiety that exhibits diverse biological activities. This review reflects the growing significance of transition metal-catalyzed reactions for the synthesis of pyrimidines (with no discussion being made on the transition metal-catalyzed functionalization of pyrimidines). The effect of different catalysts on the selectivity/yields of pyrimidines and catalyst recyclability (wherever applicable) are described, together with attempts to illustrate the role of the catalyst through mechanisms. Although several methods have been researched for synthesizing this privileged scaffold, there has been a considerable push to expand transition metal-catalyzed, sustainable, efficient and selective synthetic strategies leading to pyrimidines. The aim of the authors with this update (2017-2023) is to drive the designing of new transition metal-mediated protocols for pyrimidine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin K Maikhuri
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Divya Mathur
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Ankita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, R.D.S College, B.R.A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, India
| | - Virinder S Parmar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- Nanoscience Program, CUNY Graduate Center and Department of Chemistry, City College & Medgar Evers College, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Brajendra K Singh
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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14
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Mikhaliov A, Flerko A, Atroshchanka D, Harakhouski A, Budko A, Stasko K, Bialkevich A, Shepialevich S, Rusakovich Y, Hurski A. Visible-Light-Promoted Reduction of Epoxides, Hydroxysulfonates, and Halohydrines with Alkyltitanium Alkoxides. Org Lett 2024; 26:178-182. [PMID: 38148254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Alkyltitanium alkoxides generally serve as nucleophiles in reactions with carbonyl compounds and cross-coupling. Their application as reductants is known but remains underdeveloped. Here, we report that irradiation with visible light makes these organometallic compounds efficient reducing agents for the dehalogenation of 1,2- and 1,3-haloalcohols. This reaction was utilized for the reduction of epoxides and sulfonates, which proceeded through a sequence of the in situ halohydrin formation and photochemical dehalogenation. Ester, amide, nitrile, alkyne, and remote bromide groups were stable under the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artyom Mikhaliov
- Republican Scientific Center of Human Issues, Belarusian State University, Kurčatava 7, Minsk 220064, Belarus
| | - Aliaksei Flerko
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University Niezaliežnasci 4, Minsk 220030, Belarus
| | - Dziyana Atroshchanka
- Republican Scientific Center of Human Issues, Belarusian State University, Kurčatava 7, Minsk 220064, Belarus
| | - Aliaksei Harakhouski
- Republican Scientific Center of Human Issues, Belarusian State University, Kurčatava 7, Minsk 220064, Belarus
| | - Arsenii Budko
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University Niezaliežnasci 4, Minsk 220030, Belarus
| | - Kirill Stasko
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University Niezaliežnasci 4, Minsk 220030, Belarus
| | - Andrei Bialkevich
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University Niezaliežnasci 4, Minsk 220030, Belarus
| | - Siarhei Shepialevich
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University Niezaliežnasci 4, Minsk 220030, Belarus
| | - Yahor Rusakovich
- Republican Scientific Center of Human Issues, Belarusian State University, Kurčatava 7, Minsk 220064, Belarus
| | - Alaksiej Hurski
- Republican Scientific Center of Human Issues, Belarusian State University, Kurčatava 7, Minsk 220064, Belarus
- Scientific Testing Center Campilab Ltd., Centraĺnaja 30A, Dynaraŭka 222202, Belarus
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15
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Zhang Z, Slak D, Krebs T, Leuschner M, Schmickler N, Kuchuk E, Schmidt J, Domenianni LI, Kleine Büning JB, Grimme S, Vöhringer P, Gansäuer A. A Chiral Titanocene Complex as Regiodivergent Photoredox Catalyst: Synthetic Scope and Mechanism of Catalyst Generation. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38016173 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe a combined synthetic, spectroscopic, and computational study of a chiral titanocene complex as a regiodivergent photoredox catalyst (PRC). With Kagan's complex catCl2 either monoprotected 1,3-diols or 1,4-diols can be obtained in high selectivity from a common epoxide substrate in a regiodivergent epoxide opening depending on which enantiomer of the catalyst is employed. Due to the catalyst-controlled regioselectivity of ring opening and the broader substrate scope, the PRC with catCl2 is also a highly attractive branching point for diversity-oriented synthesis. The photochemical processes of cat(NCS)2, a suitable model for catCl2, were probed by time-correlated single-photon counting. The photoexcited complex displays a thermally activated delayed fluorescence as a result of a singlet-triplet equilibration, S1 ⇄ T1, via intersystem crossing and recrossing. Its triplet state is quenched by electron transfer to the T1 state. Computational and cyclic voltammetry studies highlight the importance of our sulfonamide additive. By bonding to sulfonamide additives, chloride abstraction from [catCl2]- is facilitated, and catalyst deactivation by coordination of the sulfonamide group is circumvented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Slak
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim Krebs
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Leuschner
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Niklas Schmickler
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Kuchuk
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Schmidt
- Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Luis Ignacio Domenianni
- Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julius B Kleine Büning
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Vöhringer
- Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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16
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Heinz M, Weiss G, Shizgal G, Panfilova A, Gansäuer A. Coupling Titanium and Chromium Catalysis in a Reaction Network for the Reprogramming of [BH 4 ] - as Electron Transfer and Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reagent for Radical Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308680. [PMID: 37515484 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe a unique catalytic system with an efficient coupling of Ti- and Cr-catalysis in a reaction network that allows the use of [BH4 ]- as stoichiometric hydrogen atom and electron donor in catalytic radical chemistry. The key feature is a relay hydrogen atom transfer from [BH4 ]- to Cr generating the active catalysts under mild conditions. This enables epoxide reductions, regiodivergent epoxide opening and radical cyclizations that are not possible with cooperative catalysis with radicals or by epoxide reductions via Meinwald rearrangement and ensuing carbonyl reduction. No typical SN 2-type reactivity of [BH4 ]- salts is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heinz
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Weiss
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Grigoriy Shizgal
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anastasia Panfilova
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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17
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Schmidt J, Domenianni LI, Leuschner M, Gansäuer A, Vöhringer P. Observing the Entry Events of a Titanium-Based Photoredox Catalytic Cycle in Real Time. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307178. [PMID: 37335756 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Titanium-based catalysis in single electron transfer (SET) steps has evolved into a versatile approach for the synthesis of fine chemicals and first attempts have recently been made to enhance its sustainability by merging it with photo-redox (PR) catalysis. Here, we explore the photochemical principles of all-Ti-based SET-PR-catalysis, i.e. in the absence of a precious metal PR-co-catalyst. By combining time-resolved emission with ultraviolet-pump/mid-infrared-probe (UV/MIR) spectroscopy on femtosecond-to-microsecond time scales we quantify the dynamics of the critical events of entry into the catalytic cycle; namely, the singlet-triplet interconversion of the do-it-all titanocene(IV) PR-catalyst and its one-electron reduction by a sacrificial amine electron donor. The results highlight the importance of the PR-catalyst's singlet-triplet gap as a design guide for future improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schmidt
- Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luis I Domenianni
- Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Leuschner
- Kekulé Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Vöhringer
- Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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18
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Kheirkhah B, Huadsai W, Liebing P, Bontemps S, Westerhausen M. Group IV Complexes with Sterically Congested N-Aryl-adamantylcarbamidate Ligands. Organometallics 2023; 42:2304-2311. [PMID: 37654652 PMCID: PMC10467577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Metalation of N-(2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-tolyl)adamantane-1-carboxamide (1, Ar*N(H)-C(O)-Ad) with M(NMe2)4 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) yields amidate complexes Ar*N=C(Ad)-O-Ti(NMe2)3 (2) as well as bis(amidate) compounds (Ar*N=C(Ad)-O)2M(NMe2)2 (M = Zr (3), Hf (4)). In 2, the amidate ligand acts as a monodentate base via the oxygen atom with the Ti center in a slightly distorted tetrahedral environment. The steric requirement of the amidate ligand stabilizes the small coordination number of four of the Ti atom. In congeners 3 and 4, two bidentate amidate ligands exist in the coordination spheres, leading to hexacoordinate group IV metal atoms. The small bite angles of the Zr- and Hf-bound amidate ligands lead to severe distortion of the octahedral environments of the Zr and Hf centers. Titanium compound 2 is an unsuitable choice to catalyze hydrofunctionalization of alkynes with amines and phosphane oxides and despite the significantly smaller pKa value of the carboxylic amide, formation of carboxamide 1 is the dominant reaction upon addition of amines or phosphane oxides to release intramolecular steric strain introduced by the very bulky adamantylamidato ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh
Rezaei Kheirkhah
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich
Schiller University Jena (FSU), Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Wimonsiri Huadsai
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich
Schiller University Jena (FSU), Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- CNRS
Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR 8241, 205 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse CEDEX 4 31077, France
| | - Phil Liebing
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich
Schiller University Jena (FSU), Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sébastien Bontemps
- CNRS
Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR 8241, 205 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse CEDEX 4 31077, France
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich
Schiller University Jena (FSU), Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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19
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Huangfu X, Liu W, Xu H, Wang Z, Wei J, Zhang WX. Photochemical Benzylation of White Phosphorus. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:12009-12017. [PMID: 37458455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) have wide application in organic synthesis, material sciences, and drug discovery. Generally, the vast majority of phosphorus atoms in OPCs are derived from white phosphorus (P4). However, the large-scale preparation of OPCs mainly proceeds through the multistep and environmentally toxic chlorine route from P4. Herein, we report the direct benzylation of P4 promoted by visible light. The cheap and readily available benzyl bromide was used as a benzylation reagent, and tetrabenzylphosphonium bromide was directly synthesized from P4. In addition, the metallaphotoredox catalysis strategy was applied to functionalize P4 for the first time, which significantly improved the application range of the substituted benzyl bromide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Huangfu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hanhua Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhongzhen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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20
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Xi L, Wang M, Liang Y, Zhao Y, Shi Z. Tunably strained metallacycles enable modular differentiation of aza-arene C-H bonds. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3986. [PMID: 37414774 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise activation of C-H bonds will eventually provide chemists with transformative methods to access complex molecular architectures. Current approaches to selective C-H activation relying on directing groups are effective for the generation of five-membered, six-membered and even larger ring metallacycles but show narrow applicability to generate three- and four-membered rings bearing high ring strain. Furthermore, the identification of distinct small intermediates remains unsolved. Here, we developed a strategy to control the size of strained metallacycles in the rhodium-catalysed C-H activation of aza-arenes and applied this discovery to tunably incorporate the alkynes into their azine and benzene skeletons. By merging the rhodium catalyst with a bipyridine-type ligand, a three-membered metallacycle was obtained in the catalytic cycle, while utilizing an NHC ligand favours the generation of the four-membered metallacycle. The generality of this method was demonstrated with a range of aza-arenes, such as quinoline, benzo[f]quinolone, phenanthridine, 4,7-phenanthroline, 1,7-phenanthroline and acridine. Mechanistic studies revealed the origin of the ligand-controlled regiodivergence in the strained metallacycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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21
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Kim J, Egger DT, Frye CW, Beaumier EP, Tonks IA. Cp 2Ti(II) Mediated Rearrangement of Cyclopropyl Imines. Organometallics 2023; 42:1331-1338. [PMID: 37915831 PMCID: PMC10619969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Ti-catalyzed oxidative alkyne carboamination with alkenes and azo compounds can yield either α,β-unsaturated imines or cyclopropyl imines through a common azatitanacyclohexene intermediate. Herein, we report the synthesis of a model azatitanacyclohexene complex (3) through the ring-opening of a cyclopropyl imine with Cp2Ti(BTMSA) (BTMSA = bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene). 3 readily undergoes thermal or reductant-catalyzed ring contraction to an azatitanacyclopentene (4), analogous to the proposed mechanism for forming α,β-unsaturated imines in the catalytic reaction. A cyclopropyl imine or an α,β-unsaturated imine could be liberated via the oxidation of 3 or 4 with azobenzene, respectively, further implicating the role of these metallacycles in the Ti-catalyzed carboamination reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaekwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Dominic T. Egger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Connor W. Frye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Evan P. Beaumier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ian A. Tonks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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22
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Ni J, Xia X, Gu D, Wang Z. Ti-Catalyzed Modular Ketone Synthesis from Carboxylic Derivatives and gem-Dihaloalkanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37365677 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Ketones are ubiquitous in organic synthesis. However, the general method to convert widely available carboxylic acids, unactivated esters, and amides into ketones remains elusive. Herein, we describe the Ti-catalyzed modular ketone synthesis from carboxylic derivatives and easily accessed gem-dihaloalkanes. Notably, this protocol could achieve the direct catalytic olefination of carboxylic acids. This method features a sequence of olefination and electrophilic transformation and good functional group compatibility and allows rapid access to various functionalized ketones. Preliminary mechanistic studies provide insights into the reaction pathway and support the intermediacy of plausible alkylidene titanocene and gem-bimetallic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China; Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaowen Xia
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China; Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Danyu Gu
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhaobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China; Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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23
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Hao H, Manßen M, Schafer LL. Tantalum ureate complexes for photocatalytic hydroaminoalkylation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4928-4934. [PMID: 37181785 PMCID: PMC10171191 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00042g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a tantalum ureate pre-catalyst, photocatalytic hydroaminoalkylation of unactivated alkenes with unprotected amines at room temperature is demonstrated. The combination of Ta(CH2SiMe3)3Cl2 and a ureate ligand with a saturated cyclic backbone resulted in this unique reactivity. Preliminary investigations of the reaction mechanism suggest that both the thermal and photocatalytic hydroaminoalkylation reactions begin with N-H bond activation and subsequent metallaaziridine formation. However, a select tantalum ureate complex, through ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT), results in photocatalyzed homolytic metal-carbon bond cleavage and subsequent addition to unactivated alkene to afford the desired carbon-carbon bond formation. Origins of ligand effects on promoting homolytic metal-carbon bond cleavage are explored computationally to support enhanced ligand design efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Hao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Manfred Manßen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Laurel L Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
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24
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Ziółkowska A, Doroszuk J, Ponikiewski Ł. Overview of the Synthesis and Catalytic Reactivity of Transition Metal Complexes Based on C═P Bond Systems. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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25
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Han B, Ren C, Wu L. Titanium-Catalyzed Hydrodehalogenation of Alkyl Halides. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunping Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lipeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
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Beh DW, Cuellar De Lucio AJ, del Rosal I, Maron L, Spasyuk D, Gelfand BS, Li JB, Piers WE. Organotitanium Complexes Supported by a Dianionic Pentadentate Ligand. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Beh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Iker del Rosal
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, LPCNO, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, LPCNO, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, LPCNO, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, LPCNO, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Denis Spasyuk
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Benjamin S. Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Warren E. Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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27
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Calvo-Molina A, del Horno E, Jover J, Pérez-Redondo A, Yélamos C, Zapata R. Monocyclopentadienyltitanium(III) Complexes with Hydridoborato Ligands. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Calvo-Molina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía del Horno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Jover
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián Pérez-Redondo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Yélamos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Zapata
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Tulyabaeva LI, Salakhutdinov RR, Tulyabaev AR, Tyumkina TV, Abdullin MF. Reaction of Methylidenecycloalkanes with BF3·THF Catalyzed by Cp2TiCl2. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022120296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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29
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Early transition metal complexes for direct C H bond functionalization of heteroatom-containing organic compounds. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Nuñez Bahena E, Schafer LL. From Stoichiometric to Catalytic E–H Functionalization by Non-Metallocene Zirconium Complexes─Recent Advances and Mechanistic Insights. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erick Nuñez Bahena
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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31
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Lin Q, Tong W, Shu XZ, Chen Y. Ti-Catalyzed Dehydroxylation of Tertiary Alcohols. Org Lett 2022; 24:8459-8464. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Tong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Zhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunrong Chen
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People’s Republic of China
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32
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Gómez-Torres A, Mavragani N, Metta-Magaña A, Murugesu M, Fortier S. Molecular Capacitors: Accessible 6- and 8-Electron Redox Chemistry from Dimeric "Ti(I)" and "Ti(0)" Synthons Supported by Imidazolin-2-Iminato Ligands. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16856-16873. [PMID: 36219252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of the diamagnetic Ti(III)/Ti(III) dimer [Cl2Ti(μ-NImDipp)]2 (1) (NImDipp = [1,3-bis(Dipp)imidazolin-2-iminato]-, Dipp = C6H3-2,6-iPr2) with 4 and 6 equiv of KC8 generates the intramolecularly arene-masked, dinuclear titanium compounds [(μ-N-η6-ImDipp)Ti]2 (2) and {[(Et2O)2K](μ-N-μ-η6:η6-ImDipp)Ti}2 (3), respectively, in modest yields. The compounds have been structurally characterized by X-ray crystallographic analysis, and inspection of the bond metrics within the η6-coordinated aryl substituent of the bridging imidazolin-2-iminato ligand shows perturbation of the aromatic system most consistent with two-electron reduction of the ring. As such, 2 and 3 can be assigned respectively as possessing metal centers in formal Ti(III)/Ti(III) and Ti(II)/Ti(II) oxidation states. Exploration of their redox chemistry reveal the ability to reduce several substrate equivalents. For instance, treatment of 2 with excess C8H8 (COT) forms the novel COT-bridged complex [(ImDippN)(η8-COT)Ti](μ-η2:η3-COT)[Ti(η4-COT)(NImDipp)] (4) that dissociates in THF solutions to give mononuclear (ImDippN)Ti(η8-COT)(THF) (5). Addition of COT to 3 yields heterometallic [(ImDippN)(η4-COT)Ti(μ-η4:η5-COT)K(THF)(μ-η6:η4-COT)Ti(NImDipp)(μ-η4:η4-COT)K(THF)2]n (6). Compounds 4 and 5 are the products of the 4-electron oxidation of 2, while 6 stands as the 8-electron oxidation product of 3. Reduction of organozides was also explored. Low temperature reaction of 2 with 4 equiv of AdN3 gives the terminal and bridged imido complex [(ImDippN)Ti(═NAd)](μ-NAd)2[Ti(NImDipp)(N3Ad)] (7) that undergoes intermolecular C-H activation of toluene at room temperature to afford the amido compound [(ImDippN)Ti(NHAd)](μ-NAd)2[Ti(C6H4Me)(NImDipp)] (8-tol). These complexes are the 6-electron oxidation products of the reaction of 2 with AdN3. Furthermore, treatment of 3 with 4 equiv of AdN3 produces the thermally stable Ti(III)/Ti(III) terminal and bridged imido [K(18-crown-6)(THF)2]{[(ImDippN)Ti(NAd)](μ-NAd)2K[Ti(NImDipp)]} (10). Altogether, these reactions firmly establish 2 and 3 as unprecedented Ti(I)/Ti(I) and Ti(0)/Ti(0) synthons with the clear capacity to effect multielectron reductions ranging from 4 to 8 electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Gómez-Torres
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Niki Mavragani
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alejandro Metta-Magaña
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Skye Fortier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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33
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Bhunia M, Sandoval‐Pauker C, Jafari MG, Grant LN, Gau MR, Pinter B, Mindiola DJ. Terminal and Super‐Basic Parent Imides of Hafnium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209122. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | | | | | - Lauren N. Grant
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Michael R. Gau
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Balazs Pinter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX 79968 USA
| | - Daniel J. Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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34
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Zhang Y, Li K, Gao W, Liu X, Yuan H, Tang L, Fan Z. Tandem Synthesis of 1,2,3-Thiadiazoles with 3,4-Dichloroisothiazoles and Hydrazines under External Oxidant- and Sulfur-Free Conditions. Org Lett 2022; 24:6599-6603. [PMID: 36054902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1,2,3-Thiadiazoles are among the most important heterocyclic motifs, with wide applications in natural products and medicinal chemistry. Herein, we disclose a tandem reaction for the synthesis of structurally diverse 1,2,3-thiadiazoles from 3,4-dichloroisothiazol-5-ketones and hydrazines. This method is characterized by mild external oxidant- and sulter-free reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, and easy purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Haolin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.,Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.,Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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35
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Kaper T, Elma A, Thye H, Knupe-Wolfgang P, Zimmering R, Schmidtmann M, Doye S. Titanium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroaminoalkylation of Allenes and Methylenecyclopropanes. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kaper
- Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universitat Oldenburg: Carl von Ossietzky Universitat Oldenburg Institut für Chemie GERMANY
| | - Aylişa Elma
- Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universitat Oldenburg: Carl von Ossietzky Universitat Oldenburg Institut für Chemie GERMANY
| | - Hermann Thye
- Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universitat Oldenburg: Carl von Ossietzky Universitat Oldenburg Institut für Chemie GERMANY
| | - Paula Knupe-Wolfgang
- Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universitat Oldenburg: Carl von Ossietzky Universitat Oldenburg Institut für Chemie GERMANY
| | - René Zimmering
- Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universitat Oldenburg: Carl von Ossietzky Universitat Oldenburg Institut für Chemie GERMANY
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universitat Oldenburg: Carl von Ossietzky Universitat Oldenburg Institut für Chemie GERMANY
| | - Sven Doye
- Universitaet Oldenburg Institut fuer Chemie Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11 26129 Oldenburg GERMANY
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36
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Bhunia M, Sandoval-Pauker C, Jafari MG, Grant LN, Gau MR, Pinter B, Mindiola DJ. Terminal and Super‐Basic Parent Imides of Hafnium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Bhunia
- University of Pennsylvania Department of Chemistry Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | | | - Lauren N. Grant
- University of Pennsylvania Department of Chemistry Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Michael R. Gau
- University of Pennsylvania Department of Chemistry Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Balazs Pinter
- The University of Texas at El Paso Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Daniel J. Mindiola
- University of Pennsylvania Department of Chemistry Chemistry 231 S. 34 Street 19104 Philadelphia UNITED STATES
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37
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Maru K, Kalla S, Jangir R. MOF/POM hybrids as catalysts for organic transformations. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:11952-11986. [PMID: 35916617 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01895k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Insertion of molecular metal oxides, e.g. polyoxometalates (POMs), into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) opens up new research opportunities in various fields, particularly in catalysis. POM/MOF composites have strong acidity, oxygen-rich surface, and redox capacity due to typical characteristics of POMs and the large surface area, highly organized structures, tunable pore size, and shape are due to MOFs. Such hybrid materials have gained a lot of attention due to astonishing structural features, and hence have potential applications in organic catalysis, sorption and separation, proton conduction, magnetism, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, electrochemistry, medicine, bio-fuel, and so on. The exceptional chemical and physical characteristics of POMOFs make them useful as catalysts in simple organic transformations with high capacity and selectivity. Here, the thorough catalytic study starts with a brief introduction related to POMs and MOFs, and is followed by the synthetic strategies and applications of these materials in several catalytic organic transformations. Furthermore, catalytic conversions like oxidation, condensation, esterification, and some other types of catalytic reactions including photocatalytic reactions are discussed in length with their plausible catalytic mechanisms. The disadvantages of the POMOFs and difficulties faced in the field have also been explored briefly from our perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketan Maru
- Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Ichchanath, Surat-395 007, Gujarat, India.
| | - Sarita Kalla
- Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Ichchanath, Surat-395 007, Gujarat, India.
| | - Ritambhara Jangir
- Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Ichchanath, Surat-395 007, Gujarat, India.
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38
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Juliá F. Ligand‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer (LMCT) Photochemistry at 3d‐Metal Complexes: An Emerging Tool for Sustainable Organic Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Juliá
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia: Institut Catala d'Investigacio Quimica Chemistry Av Paisos Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona SPAIN
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39
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Taheri‐Torbati M, Eshghi H. Fe
3
O
4
@CS‐Ni: an efficient and recyclable magnetic nanocatalyst for α‐alkylation of ketones with benzyl alcohols by borrowing hydrogen methodology. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Taheri‐Torbati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
| | - Hossein Eshghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
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40
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Schacht JH, Wu S, Klare S, Höthker S, Schmickler N, Gansäuer A. Polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) as sustainable reductant in the titanocene catalyzed epoxide hydrosilylation. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shangze Wu
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Kekulé Instutu für Organische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Sven Klare
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Sebastian Höthker
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Niklas Schmickler
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Universität Bonn Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie Gerhard Domagk Str. 1 53121 Bonn GERMANY
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41
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Bresciani G, Bortoluzzi M, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G. Titanium(IV) Alkoxide‐Carbamate Complexes: Synthesis and Catalytic Potential in H2O2‐Oxidation of Organic Sulfides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bresciani
- University of Pisa Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry Via Giuseppe Moruzzi, 13 56124 Pisa ITALY
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice: Universita Ca' Foscari Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems ITALY
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- University of Pisa: Universita degli Studi di Pisa Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry ITALY
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- University of Pisa: Universita degli Studi di Pisa Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry ITALY
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42
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Horbaczewskyj CS, Fairlamb IJS. Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings: On the Importance of the Catalyst Quantity Descriptors, mol % and ppm. Org Process Res Dev 2022; 26:2240-2269. [PMID: 36032362 PMCID: PMC9396667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
This Review examines parts per million (ppm) palladium
concentrations
in catalytic cross-coupling reactions and their relationship with
mole percentage (mol %). Most studies in catalytic cross-coupling
chemistry have historically focused on the concentration ratio between
(pre)catalyst and the limiting reagent (substrate), expressed as mol
%. Several recent papers have outlined the use of “ppm level”
palladium as an alternative means of describing catalytic cross-coupling
reaction systems. This led us to delve deeper into the literature
to assess whether “ppm level” palladium is a practically
useful descriptor of catalyst quantities in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling
reactions. Indeed, we conjectured that many reactions could, unknowingly,
have employed low “ppm levels” of palladium (pre)catalyst,
and generally, what would the spread of ppm palladium look like across
a selection of studies reported across the vast array of the cross-coupling
chemistry literature. In a few selected examples, we have examined
other metal catalyst systems for comparison with palladium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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43
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Wu X, Chang Y, Lin S. Titanium radical redox catalysis: Recent innovations in catalysts, reactions, and modes of activation. Chem 2022; 8:1805-1821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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DiPucchio RC, Rosca SC, Schafer LL. Hydroaminoalkylation for the Catalytic Addition of Amines to Alkenes or Alkynes: Diverse Mechanisms Enable Diverse Substrate Scope. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11459-11481. [PMID: 35731810 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydroaminoalkylation is a powerful, atom-economic catalytic reaction for the reaction of amines with alkenes and alkynes. This C-H functionalization reaction allows for the atom-economic alkylation of amines using simple alkenes or alkynes as the alkylating agents. This transformation has significant potential for transformative approaches in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and fine chemical industries in the preparation of selectively substituted amines and N-heterocycles and shows promise in materials science for the synthesis of functional and responsive aminated materials. Different early transition-metal, late transition-metal, and photoredox catalysts mediate hydroaminoalkylation by distinct mechanistic pathways. These mechanistic insights have resulted in the development of new catalysts and reaction conditions to realize hydroaminoalkylation with a broad range of substrates: activated and unactivated, terminal and internal, C-C double and triple bonds with aryl or alkyl primary, secondary, or tertiary amines, including N-heterocyclic amines. By deploying select catalysts with specific substrate combinations, control over regioselectivity, diastereoselectivity, and enantioselectivity has been realized. Key barriers to widespread adoption of this reaction include air and moisture sensitivity for early transition-metal catalysts as well as a heavy dependence on amine protecting or directing groups for late transition-metal or photocatalytic routes. Advances in improved catalyst robustness, substrate scope, and regio-/stereoselective reactions with early- and late transition-metal catalysts, as well as photoredox catalysis, are highlighted, and opportunities for further catalyst and reaction development are included. This perspective shows that hydroaminoalkylation has the potential to be a disruptive and transformative strategy for the synthesis of selectively substituted amines and N-heterocycles from simple amines and alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C DiPucchio
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Sorin-Claudiu Rosca
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Laurel L Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
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45
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Cuellar De Lucio AJ, Cai IC, Witzke RJ, Desnoyer AN, Tilley TD. Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Low-Coordinate Titanium(III) Amido Complexes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene C. Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Ryan J. Witzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Addison N. Desnoyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Moerman A, Sosa Carrizo ED, Théron B, Cattey H, Le Gendre P, Fleurat-Lessard P, Normand AT. Template Synthesis of NPN' Pincer-type Ligands at Titanium Using an Ambiphilic Phosphide Scaffold. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7642-7653. [PMID: 35500277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ti-imido complex [TiCl(NtBu)(BIPP)] [1; BIPP = bis(iminophosphoranyl)phosphide ligand] reacts with terminal alkynes R-C≡CH (R = phenyl, isopropenyl, cyclopropyl, and 2-pyridyl) via P-P bond cleavage of the BIPP ligand. The resulting complexes [TiCl(NPN')(NPhPPh2)] (2a-d) contain a pincer-type NPN' phosphide ligand that incorporates the terminal alkyne and the imido ligand from complex 1. Complexes 2a-d feature two chiral centers (Ti and P) with interdependent absolute configurations; thus, they are formed stereoselectively. Complex 2a (R = phenyl) undergoes chloride abstraction with [Et3SiHSiEt3][B(C6F5)4], yielding [Ti(NPN')(NPhPPh2)][B(C6F5)4] (3). Complex 3 is a moderately active and stereoselective initiator for the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide. Complex 3 activates the C═O bond of 4-iodobenzaldehyde to give complex 4 as a single diastereomer despite the presence of three chiral centers. Complex 3 undergoes transmetallation with SbCl3, yielding [Sb(NPN')][B(C6F5)4] (5) and [TiCl3(NPhPPh2)] (6) selectively. The bonding situation in 3 and 5 was analyzed using Bader's atoms in molecules and the electron localization function, showing that the nitrogen atoms of the NPN' ligand are electronically similar, and that the metal-phosphide interaction is more polar in the case of titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Moerman
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de L'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon 21000, France
| | - E Daiann Sosa Carrizo
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de L'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Benjamin Théron
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de L'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Hélène Cattey
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de L'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Pierre Le Gendre
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de L'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Paul Fleurat-Lessard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de L'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Adrien T Normand
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de L'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon 21000, France
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47
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Wang S, Hu Z, Wei Q, Cui P, Zhang H, Tang W, Sun Y, Duan H, Dai Z, Liu Q, Zheng X. Precise Design of Atomically Dispersed Fe, Pt Dinuclear Catalysts and Their Synergistic Application for Tumor Catalytic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20669-20681. [PMID: 35471816 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, extending single-atom catalysts from mono- to binary sites has been proved to be a promising way to realize more efficient chemical catalytic processes. In this work, atomically dispersed Fe, Pt dinuclear catalysts ((Fe, Pt)SA-N-C) with an ca. 2.38 Å distance for Fe1 (Fe-N3) and Pt1 (Pt-N4) could be precisely controlled via a novel secondary-doping strategy. In response to tumor microenvironments, the Fe-N3/Pt-N4 moieties exhibited synergistic catalytic performance for tumor catalytic therapy. Due to its beneficial microstructure and abundant active sites, the Fe-N3 moiety effectively initiated the intratumoral Fenton-like reaction to release a large amount of toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH), which further induced tumor cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, the bonded Pt-N4 moiety could also enhance the Fenton-like activity of the Fe-N3 moiety up to 128.8% by modulating the 3d electronic orbitals of isolated Fe-N3 sites. In addition, the existence of amorphous carbon revealed high photothermal conversion efficiency when exposed to an 808 nm laser, which synergistically achieved an effective oncotherapy outcome. Therefore, the as-obtained (Fe, Pt)SA-N-C-FA-PEG has promising potential in the bio-nanomedicine field for inhibiting tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, P. R. China
| | - Zunfu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
| | - Qiulian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, P. R. China
| | - Ping Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
| | - Weina Tang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
| | - Yunqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
| | - Haiqiang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, P. R. China
| | - Xiuwen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
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48
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Scarpi-Luttenauer M, Mobian P, Barloy L. Synthesis, structure and functions of discrete titanium-based multinuclear architectures. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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49
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Ni J, Xia X, Zheng WF, Wang Z. Ti-Catalyzed Diastereoselective Cyclopropanation of Carboxylic Derivatives with Terminal Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7889-7900. [PMID: 35442655 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropanols and cyclopropylamines not only serve as important structural motifs in medicinal chemistry but also show diverse reactivities in organic synthesis. Owing to the high ring strain energy, the development of a general protocol from stable and readily available starting materials to afford these cyclopropyl derivatives remains a compelling challenge. Herein, we describe that a Ti-based catalyst can effectively promote the diastereoselective syntheses of cyclopropanols and cyclopropylamines from widely accessible carboxylic derivatives (acids, esters, amides) with terminal olefins. To the best of our knowledge, this method represents the first example of direct converting alkyl carboxylic acids into cyclopropanols. Distinct from conventional studies in Ti-mediated cyclopropanations with reactive alkyl Grignard reagents as nucleophiles or reductants, this protocol utilizes Mg and Me2SiCl2 to turn over the Ti catalyst. Our method exhibits broad substrate scope with good functional group compatibility and is amenable to late-stage synthetic manipulations of natural products and biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaowen Xia
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Feng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
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50
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Bahena EN, Patrick BO, Schafer LL. Reversible C–H Activation in Zirconaaziridine Species: Characterization and Bonding of a Bridging (Amino)alkylidene Complex Active in Alkyne Hydroaminoalkylation. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erick Nuñez Bahena
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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