1
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Balan H, Sureshan KM. Hierarchical single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations of a monomer to a 1D-polymer and then to a 2D-polymer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6638. [PMID: 39103335 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Designing and synthesizing flawless two-dimensional polymers (2D-Ps) via meticulous molecular preorganization presents an intriguing yet challenging frontier in research. We report here the single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) synthesis of a 2D-P via thermally induced topochemical azide-alkyne cycloaddition (TAAC) reaction. A designed monomer incorporating two azide and two alkyne units is synthesized. The azide and alkyne groups are preorganized in the monomer crystal in reactive geometries for polymerizations in two orthogonal directions. On heating, the polymerizations proceed in a hierarchical manner; at first, the monomer reacts regiospecifically in a SCSC fashion to form a 1,5-triazolyl-linked 1D polymer (1D-P), which upon further heating undergoes another SCSC polymerization to a 2D-P through a second regiospecific TAAC reaction forming 1,4-triazolyl-linkages. Two different linkages in orthogonal directions make this an architecturally attractive 2D-P, as determined, at atomic resolution, by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The 2D-P reported here is thermally stable in view of the robust triazole-linkages and can be exfoliated as 2D-sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haripriya Balan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India.
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2
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Khazeber R, Pathak S, Sureshan KM. Simultaneous and in situ syntheses of an enantiomeric pair of homochiral polymers as their perfect stereocomplex in a crystal. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6639. [PMID: 39103331 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50948-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Circumventing the issues of conventional stereocomplexation of preformed polymers, herein, we synthesize two enantiopure polymers of opposite chirality simultaneously and in situ as their 1:1 stereocomplex via topochemical polymerization. We design and synthesize an inositol-based achiral monomer for topochemical ene-azide cycloaddition (TEAC) polymerization. In the crystal, the monomer exhibits conformational enantiomerism, and its conformational enantiomers are self-sorted in an arrangement for TEAC polymerization to yield two enantiopure polymers of opposite chirality. Upon heating the monomer crystals, each self-sorted set of conformational enantiomers undergoes regio- and stereospecific polymerization in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal fashion, generating two 1, 4-triazolinyl-linked polymers of opposite chirality simultaneously. The new chiral carbons in all the triazoline rings of a particular polymer chain have the same absolute configuration. These homochiral polymer strands align parallelly, forming a layer, and such enantiopure layers of opposite chirality stack alternately, forming a perfect 1:1 stereocomplex, which we confirmed using single-crystal XRD analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Khazeber
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sourav Pathak
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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3
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Liu S, Chen M, Zhao Y, Xing G, Zhu W, Ben T. Topochemical cross-linking of diacetylene in a highly interpenetrated three-dimensional covalent organic framework. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8051-8054. [PMID: 38989539 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02362e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Topochemical polymerization is a highly promising and effective method for constructing complex three-dimensional structures and functionalized polymers. Herein, we present for the first time a topochemical reaction of diacetylene within a meticulously designed covalent organic framework (ZNUC-1). Our experimental results revealed that ZNUC-1 underwent a 1,4-addition reaction under thermal induction, forming an ene-yne-conjugated structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangqing Liu
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Green Syntheses and Applications of Fluorine-Containing Specialty Chemicals, Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Chen
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Green Syntheses and Applications of Fluorine-Containing Specialty Chemicals, Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Green Syntheses and Applications of Fluorine-Containing Specialty Chemicals, Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Guolong Xing
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Green Syntheses and Applications of Fluorine-Containing Specialty Chemicals, Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Zhu
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Green Syntheses and Applications of Fluorine-Containing Specialty Chemicals, Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Teng Ben
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Green Syntheses and Applications of Fluorine-Containing Specialty Chemicals, Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
- Science and Technology Center for Quantum Biology, National Institute of Extremely-Weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
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4
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Zhou S, Zhang M, Yuan Y, Ren L, Chen Y, Li W, Zhang A, Yan J. Visible Light [2 + 2] Cycloadditions of Thermoresponsive Dendronized Styryltriazines To Exhibit Tunable Microconfinement. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:866-873. [PMID: 38935045 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Visible light-triggered photochemical reactions in aqueous media are highly valuable to tailor molecular structures and properties in an ecofriendly manner. Here we report visible light-induced catalyst-free [2 + 2] cycloadditions of thermoresponsive dendronized styryltriazines, which show tunable microconfinement to guest dyes in aqueous media. These dendronized styryltriazines are constituted of conjugated mono- or tristyryltriazines, which carry hydrophilic dendritic oligoethylene glycol (OEG) pendants. They underwent efficient [2 + 2] cycloadditions to form dendronized cyclobutane dimers or oligomers in water through irradiation with visible light of 400 nm, and their cycloaddition behavior was dominated by dendritic architectures and solvent conditions. Dendronization with dendritic OEGs also afforded them characteristic thermoresponsive properties with tunable phase transition temperatures in the range 36-65 °C, which can be further modulated through photocycloaddition of styryltriazine chromophores. Importantly, dendronized styryltriazines can form tunable microenvironments in aqueous media, which encapsulate hydrophobic solvatochromic Nile red to exhibit variable photophysical properties. The encapsulated guest dye can be simultaneously released through noninvasive visible light-induced [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Zhou
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 380, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 380, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 380, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Liangxuan Ren
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 380, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuqiang Chen
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 380, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wen Li
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 380, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Afang Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 380, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiatao Yan
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 380, Shanghai 200444, China
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5
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Hausladen MM, Baca E, Nogales KA, Appelhans LN, Kaehr B, Hamel CM, Leguizamon SC. Volumetric Additive Manufacturing of Dicyclopentadiene by Solid-State Photopolymerization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402385. [PMID: 38965931 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Polymerization in the solid state is generally infeasible due to restrictions on mobility. However, in this work, the solid-state photopolymerization of crystalline dicyclopentadiene is demonstrated via photoinitiated ring-opening metathesis polymerization. The source of mobility in the solid state is attributed to the plastic crystal nature of dicyclopentadiene, which yields local short-range mobility due to orientational degrees of freedom. Polymerization in the solid state enables photopatterning, volumetric additive manufacturing of free-standing structures, and fabrication with embedded components. Solid-state photopolymerization of dicyclopentadiene offers a new paradigm for advanced and freeform fabrication of high-performance thermosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Hausladen
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Esteban Baca
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Kyle A Nogales
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | | | - Bryan Kaehr
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Craig M Hamel
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
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6
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Giorgi M, Masson K, Chentouf S, Commeiras L, Nava P, Chouraqui G. Template-Directed In Crystallo Photopolymerization of a Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropane: When Everything Falls into Place! J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17384-17392. [PMID: 38868986 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
A single-crystal-to-single-crystal solid-state reaction of vinylogous donor-acceptor cyclopropanes is documented. The enantiospecific synthesis of new products, distinct from those obtained in solution, is achieved for the target compounds. Photopolymerization occurred upon X-ray exposure to the crystals. Notably, in one case, this reactivity exhibits selectivity since an ordered arrangement of polymers and unreacted cocrystallized monomeric conformers has been observed. Structural characterization of the complete transformation monitored through single-crystal X-ray diffraction and supported by molecular dynamics simulations sheds light on the subtle role of crystal packing in the reaction process. Moreover, the X-ray diffraction (XRD)-resolved structure of a donor-acceptor cyclopropane intermediate reveals an elongation in bond length that corroborates the existence of the so-called "push-pull effect".
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Giorgi
- Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, FSCM, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Kévin Masson
- Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, ISM2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Sara Chentouf
- Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, FSCM, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Commeiras
- Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, ISM2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Paola Nava
- Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, ISM2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Gaëlle Chouraqui
- Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, ISM2, 13397 Marseille, France
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7
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Usuba J, Sun Z, Nguyen HPQ, Raju C, Schmidt-Rohr K, Han GGD. Mechanoactivated amorphization and photopolymerization of styryldipyryliums. COMMUNICATIONS MATERIALS 2024; 5:98. [PMID: 38859933 PMCID: PMC11162349 DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Conventional topochemical photopolymerization reactions occur exclusively in precisely-engineered photoactive crystalline states, which often produces high-insoluble polymers. To mitigate this, here, we report the mechanoactivation of photostable styryldipyrylium-based monomers, which results in their amorphization-enabled solid-state photopolymerization and produces soluble and processable amorphous polymers. A combination of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, and absorption/fluorescence spectroscopy reveals the crucial role of a mechanically-disordered monomer phase in yielding polymers via photo-induced [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. Hence, mechanoactivation and amorphization can expand the scope of topochemical polymerization conditions to open up opportunities for generating polymers that are otherwise difficult to synthesize and analyze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Usuba
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453 USA
| | - Zhenhuan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453 USA
| | - Han P. Q. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453 USA
| | - Cijil Raju
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453 USA
| | - Klaus Schmidt-Rohr
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453 USA
| | - Grace G. D. Han
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453 USA
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8
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Du J, He Z, Wang Q, Chen G, Li X, Lu J, Qi Q, Ouyang R, Miao Y, Li Y. Topochemical-like bandgap regulation engineering: A bismuth thiooxide nanocatalyst for breast cancer phototherapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 662:171-182. [PMID: 38341940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The physical property tuning of nanomaterials is of great importance in energy, medicine, environment, catalysis, and other fields. Topochemical synthesis of nanomaterials can achieve precise control of material properties. Here, we synthesized a kind of element-doped bismuth-based nanomaterial (BOS) by topochemical-like synthesis and used it for the phototherapy of tumors. In this study, we employed bismuth fluoride nanoflowers as a template and fabricated element-doped bismuth oxide nanoflowers by reduction conditions. The product is consistent with the precursor in crystal structure and nanomorphology, realizing topochemical-like synthesis under mild conditions. BOS can generate reactive oxygen species, consume glutathione, and perform photothermal conversion under 730 nm light irradiation. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that BOS could suppress tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and ferroptosis through phototherapy. Therefore, this study offers a general regulation method for tuning the physical properties of nanomaterials by using a topochemical-like synthesis strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Du
- Institute of Bismuth Science, School of Materials and Chemistry, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zongyan He
- Institute of Bismuth Science, School of Materials and Chemistry, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Bismuth Science, School of Materials and Chemistry, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Guobo Chen
- Institute of Bismuth Science, School of Materials and Chemistry, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xueyu Li
- Institute of Bismuth Science, School of Materials and Chemistry, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jiacheng Lu
- Institute of Bismuth Science, School of Materials and Chemistry, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Qingwen Qi
- Institute of Bismuth Science, School of Materials and Chemistry, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Ruizhuo Ouyang
- Institute of Bismuth Science, School of Materials and Chemistry, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- Institute of Bismuth Science, School of Materials and Chemistry, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Yuhao Li
- Institute of Bismuth Science, School of Materials and Chemistry, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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9
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Bhandary S, Beliš M, Shukla R, Bourda L, Kaczmarek AM, Van Hecke K. Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Photosynthesis of Supramolecular Organoboron Polymers with Dynamic Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8659-8667. [PMID: 38407928 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The solid-state synthesis of single-crystalline organic polymers, having functional properties, remains an attractive and developing research area in polymer chemistry and materials science. However, light-triggered topochemical synthesis of crystalline polymers comprising an organoboron backbone has not yet been reported. Here, we describe an intriguing example of single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) rapid photosynthesis (occurs on a seconds-scale) of two structurally different linear organoboron polymers, driven by environmentally sustainable visible/sun light, obtained from the same monomer molecule. A newly designed Lewis acid-base type molecular B ← N organoboron adduct (consisting of an organoboron core and naphthylvinylpyridine ligands) crystallizes in two solid-state forms featuring the same chemical structure but different 3D structural topologies, namely, monomers 1 and 2. The solvate molecule-free crystals of 1 undergo topochemical photopolymerization via an unusual olefin-naphthyl ring [2 + 2] cyclization to yield the single crystalline [3]-ladderane polymer 1P growing along the B ← N linkages, accompanied by instantaneous and violent macroscopic mechanical motions or photosalient effects (such as bending-reshaping and jumping motions). In contrast, visible light-harvesting single crystals of 2 quantitatively polymerize to a B ← N bond-stabilized polymer 2P in a SCSC fashion owing to the rapid [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction among olefin double bonds. Such olefin bonds in the crystals of 2 are suitably preorganized for photoreaction due to the presence of solvate molecules in the crystal packing. Single crystals of 2 also show photodynamic jumping motions - in response to visible light but in a relatively slower fashion than the crystals of 1. In addition to SCSC topochemical polymerization and dynamic motions, both monomer crystals and their single-crystalline polymers feature green emissive and short-lived room-temperature phosphorescence properties upon excitation with visible-light wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrajyoti Bhandary
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-Building S3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Marek Beliš
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-Building S3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Chemistry (NCI Lab), GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Laurens Bourda
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-Building S3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Anna M Kaczmarek
- NanoSensing Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-Building S3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-Building S3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
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10
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Pramod T, Khazeber R, Athiyarath V, Sureshan KM. Topochemistry for Difficult Peptide-Polymer Synthesis: Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Synthesis of an Isoleucine-Based Polymer, a Hydrophobic Coating Material. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7257-7265. [PMID: 38253536 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Polymers of hydrophobic amino acids are predicted to be potential coating materials for the creation of hydrophobic surfaces. The oligopeptides of hydrophobic amino acids are called "difficult peptides"; as the name suggests, it is difficult to synthesize them by conventional methods. We circumvented this synthetic challenge by adopting topochemical azide-alkyne cycloaddition (TAAC) polymerization of a hydrophobic dipeptide monomer. We designed an Ile-based dipeptide, decorated with azide and alkyne, which arrange in the crystal in a head-to-tail fashion with the azide and alkyne of the adjacent molecules in a ready-to-react orientation. The monomer, on mild heating of its crystals, undergoes regiospecific TAAC polymerization to yield a 1,4-disubstituted-triazole-linked polymer in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal fashion. The solid obtained after evaporation of the monomer solution also maintained crystallinity and underwent regiospecific topochemical polymerization as in the case of crystals. This topochemical polymerization could be studied using different techniques such as FTIR, NMR, DSC, GPC, MALDI, PXRD, and SCXRD. Since the polymer is insoluble in common solvents and hence difficult to coat surfaces, the monomer was first sprayed and evaporated on various surfaces and polymerized on the surface. Such polymer-coated surfaces exhibited water contact angles of up to 134°, showing that this Ile-derived polymer is very hydrophobic and can potentially be used as a coating material for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thejus Pramod
- School of Chemistry, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Ravichandran Khazeber
- School of Chemistry, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Vignesh Athiyarath
- School of Chemistry, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
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11
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Dhaka A, Jeon IR, Fourmigué M. Selective Activation of Chalcogen Bonding: An Efficient Structuring Tool toward Crystal Engineering Strategies. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:362-374. [PMID: 38275221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusAmong the noncovalent interactions available in the toolbox of crystal engineering, chalcogen bonding (ChB) has recently entered the growing family of σ-hole interactions, following the strong developments based on the halogen bonding (XB) interaction over the last 30 years. The monovalent character of halogens provides halogen bonding directionality and strength. Combined with the extensive organic chemistry of Br and I derivatives, it has led to many applications of XB, in solution (organo-catalysis, anion recognition and transport), in the solid state (cocrystals, conducting materials, fluorescent materials, topochemical reactions, ...), in soft matter (liquid crystals, gels,···), and in biochemistry. The recognition of the presence of two σ-holes on divalent chalcogens and the ability to activate them, as in XB, with electron-withdrawing groups (EWG) has fueled more recent interest in chalcogen bonding. However, despite being identified for many years, ChB still struggles to make a mark due to (i) the underdeveloped synthetic chemistry of heavier Se and Te; (ii) the limited stability of organic chalcogenides, especially tellurides; and (iii) the poor predictability of ChB associated with the presence of two σ-holes. It therefore invites a great deal of attention of molecular chemists to design and develop selected ChB donors, for the scrutiny of fundamentals of ChB and their successful use in different applications. This Account aims to summarize our own contributions in this direction that extend from fundamental studies focused on addressing the lack of directionality/predictability in ChB to a systematic demonstration of its potential, specifically in crystal engineering, and particularly toward anionic networks on the one hand, topochemical reactions on the other hand.In this Account, we share our recent results aimed at recovering with ChB the same degree of strength and predictability found with XB, by focusing on divalent Se and Te systems with two different substituents, one of them with an EWG, to strongly unbalance both σ-holes. For that purpose, we explored this dissymmetrization concept within three chemical families, selenocyanates R-SeCN, alkynyl derivatives R-C≡C-(Se/Te)Me, and o-carborane derivatives. Such compounds were systematically engaged in cocrystals with either halides or neutral bipyridines as ChB acceptors, revealing their strong potential to chelate halides as well as their ability to organize reactive molecules such as alkenes and butadiynes toward [2+2] cycloadditions and polydiacetylene formation, respectively. This selective activation concept is not limited to ChB but can be effectively used on all other σ-hole interactions (pnictogen bond, tetrel bond, etc.) where one needs to control the directionality of the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Dhaka
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226 (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Ie-Rang Jeon
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226 (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Marc Fourmigué
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226 (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
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12
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Rohmer M, Ebbinghaus SG, Busse K, Radicke J, Kressler J, Binder WH. A Living Topochemical Ring-Opening Polymerization of Achiral Amino Acid N-Carboxy-Anhydrides in Single Crystals. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302585. [PMID: 37698241 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
A living topochemical ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of achiral amino-acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) is reported. Single crystals of the NCAs of α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) and 1-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (ACHC) were grown, allowing a ring-opening polymerization macroscopically induced by amines. The single crystals could be polymerized at temperatures from 25-50 °C after physically contacting the amine-based initiator with the crystals. Topochemical polymerization of the crystals was proven by MALDI-ToF MS and XRD, generating polymers with chain lengths of up to 40 units and a complete affixation of the initiating amine at the polymer's head. Due to the proper alignment of the reacting groups in the crystal, longer polymer chains with improved purities can be reached, as chain-transfer is reduced as compared to solution polymerization. Simple purification of the polymers can be achieved by separation of the unreacted NCA via dispersion in acetonitrile. Overall, this method enables the preparation of polymers with higher chain length and purities at mild conditions, finally demonstrating a crystal-based ring opening polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rohmer
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan G Ebbinghaus
- Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Karsten Busse
- Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julian Radicke
- Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jörg Kressler
- Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
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13
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Rai R, Khazeber R, Sureshan KM. Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Topochemical Synthesis of a Collagen-inspired Covalent Helical Polymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315742. [PMID: 37861464 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
There is much demand for crystalline covalent helical polymers. Inspired by the helical structure of collagen, we synthesized a covalent helical polymer wherein the repeating dipeptide Gly-Pro units are connected by triazole linkages. We synthesized an azide and alkyne-modified dipeptide monomer made up of the repeating amino acid sequence of collagen. In its crystals, the monomer molecules aligned in head-to-tail fashion with proximally placed azide and alkyne forming supramolecular helices. At 60 °C, the monomer underwent single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) topochemical azide-alkyne cycloaddition polymerization, yielding a covalent helical polymer as confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis. Compared to the monomer crystals, the polymer single-crystals were very strong and showed three-fold increase in Young's modulus, which is higher than collagen, many synthetic polymers and other materials. The crystals of this covalent helical polymer could bear loads as high as 1.5 million times of their own weight without deformation. These crystals could also withstand high compression force and did not disintegrate even at an applied force of 98 kN. Such light-weight strong materials are in demand for various technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Rai
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Ravichandran Khazeber
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
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14
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Wang M, Jin Y, Zhang W, Zhao Y. Single-crystal polymers (SCPs): from 1D to 3D architectures. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8165-8193. [PMID: 37929665 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00553d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystal polymers (SCPs) with unambiguous chemical structures at atomic-level resolutions have attracted great attention. Obtaining precise structural information of these materials is critical as it enables a deeper understanding of the potential driving forces for specific packing and long-range order, secondary interactions, and kinetic and thermodynamic factors. Such information can ultimately lead to success in controlling the synthesis or engineering of their crystal structures for targeted applications, which could have far-reaching impact. Successful synthesis of SCPs with atomic level control of the structures, especially for those with 2D and 3D architectures, is rare. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the synthesis of SCPs, including 1D, 2D, and 3D architectures. Solution synthesis, topochemical synthesis, and extreme condition synthesis are summarized and compared. Around 70 examples of SCPs with unambiguous structure information are presented, and their synthesis methods and structural analysis are discussed. This review offers critical insights into the structure-property relationships, providing guidance for the future rational design and bottom-up synthesis of a variety of highly ordered polymers with unprecedented functions and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsen Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
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15
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Itoh T, Kondo F, Suzuki T, Inayoshi K, Uno T, Kubo M, Tohnai N, Miyata M. Elucidation of Substituent-Responsive Reactivities via Hierarchical and Asymmetric Assemblies in Crystalline p-Quinodimethane Derivatives. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301327. [PMID: 37439484 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose a mechanism for substituent-responsive reactivities of p-quinodimethane derivatives with four ester groups through their hierarchical and asymmetric assembly modes. Four asymmetric 7,8,8-tris(methoxycarbonyl)-p-quinodimethanes with a 7-positioned ethoxycarbonyl (2 a(H)), 2'-fluoroethoxycarbonyl (2 b(F)), 2'-chloroethoxycarbonyl (2 c(Cl)), or 2'-bromoethoxycarbonyl (2 d(Br)) were synthesized and crystallized. 2 a(H), 2 b(F) and 2 d(Br) afforded only one shape crystal, while 2 c(Cl) did two polymorphic 2 c(Cl)-α and 2 c(Cl)-β. UV-irradiation induced topochemical polymerization for 2 a(H), no reactions for 2 b(F) and 2 c(Cl)-α, and [6+6] photocycloaddition dimerization for 2 c(Cl)-β and 2 d(Br). Such substituent-responsive reactivities and crystal structures were compared with those of the known symmetric 7,7,8,8-tetrakis(alkoxycarbonyl)-p-quinodimethanes such as 7,7,8,8-tetrakis(methoxycarbonyl)- (1 a(Me)-α and 1 a(Me)-β), 7,7,8,8-tetrakis(ethoxycarbonyl)- (1 b(Et)), and 7,7,8,8-tetrakis(bromoethoxycarbonyl)- (1 c(BrEt)). The comparative study clarified that the reactivities and crystal structures are classified into four types that link to each other. This linkage is understandable when we analyze the crystal structures through the following hierarchical and asymmetric assemblies; conformers, dimers, one dimensional (1D)-columns, two dimensional (2D)-sheets, and three dimensional (3D)-stacked sheets (3D-crystals). This supramolecular viewpoint is supported by intermolecular interaction energies among neighbored molecules with the density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Such research enables us to elucidate the substituent-responsive reactivities of the crystals, and reminds us of the selection of the right path in a so-called "maze game".
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Itoh
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Kondo
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takumi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kohji Inayoshi
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takahiro Uno
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masataka Kubo
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikiji Miyata
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
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16
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Raju C, Mridula K, Srinivasan N, Kunnikuruvan S, Sureshan KM. Topochemical Syntheses of Polyarylopeptides Involving Large Molecular Motions: Frustrated Monomer Packing Leads to the Formation of Polymer Blends. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306504. [PMID: 37486334 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the topochemical syntheses of three polyarylopeptides, wherein triazolylphenyl group is integrated into the backbone of peptide chains. We synthesized three different monomers having azide and arylacetylene as end-groups from glycine, L-alanine and L-valine. We crystallized these monomers and the crystal structures of two of them were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. Due to the steric constraints, both of these monomers crystallized with two molecules, viz. conformers A and B, in the asymmetric unit. Consistently, in both cases, the A-conformers are antiparallelly π-stacked and B-conformers are parallelly slip-stacked, exploiting weak interactions. Though the arrangements of molecules in the pristine crystals were unsuitable for topochemical reaction, upon heating, they undergo large motion inside the crystal lattice to reach a transient reactive orientation and thereby the self-sorted conformer stacks react to give a blend of triazole-linked polyarylopeptides having two different linkages. Due to the large molecular motion inside crystals, the product phase loses its crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cijil Raju
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Kozhukunnon Mridula
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Nikitha Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Sooraj Kunnikuruvan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
- Centre for Atomistic Modelling and Materials Design and Centre for Molecular Materials and Functions, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
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17
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Athiyarath V, Mathew LA, Zhao Y, Khazeber R, Ramamurty U, Sureshan KM. Rational design and topochemical synthesis of polymorphs of a polymer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5132-5140. [PMID: 37206383 PMCID: PMC10189859 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00053b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Packing a polymer in different ways can give polymorphs of the polymer having different properties. β-Turn forming peptides such as 2-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib)-rich peptides adopt several conformations by varying the dihedral angles. Aiming at this, a β-turn-forming peptide monomer would give different polymorphs and these polymorphs upon topochemical polymerization would yield polymorphs of the polymer, we designed an Aib-rich monomer N3-(Aib)3-NHCH2-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CH. This monomer crystallizes as two polymorphs and one hydrate. In all forms, the peptide adopts β-turn conformations and arranges in a head-to-tail manner with their azide and alkyne units proximally placed in a ready-to-react alignment. On heating, both the polymorphs undergo topochemical azide-alkyne cycloaddition polymerization. Polymorph I polymerized in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) fashion and the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the polymer revealed its screw-sense reversing helical structure. Polymorph II maintains its crystallinity during polymerization but gradually becomes amorphous upon storage. The hydrate III undergoes a dehydrative transition to polymorph II. Nanoindentation studies revealed that different polymorphs of the monomer and the corresponding polymers exhibited different mechanical properties, in accordance with their crystal packing. This work demonstrates the promising future of the marriage of polymorphism and topochemistry for obtaining polymorphs of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Athiyarath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Liby Ann Mathew
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Yakai Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore
| | - Ravichandran Khazeber
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Upadrasta Ramamurty
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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18
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Yuan L, Kachalova L, Khan MEI, Ballini R, Petrini M, Palmieri A. Overcoming the Usual Reactivity of β-Nitroenones: Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Homoallylic Alcohols and Conjugated Nitrotriene Systems. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4770-4777. [PMID: 36926909 PMCID: PMC10088019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a new application of β-nitroenones as valuable building blocks for the preparation of polyfunctionalized homoallylic alcohols; they can be used as key precursors of conjugated nitrotriene systems. The synthesis of homoallylic alcohols was performed exploiting the chemoselective addition of metal allylating agents to the ketone moiety vs the nitroalkenyl group. The conversion of alcohols into nitrotrienes was achieved under Lewis-acid-promoted conditions. Both classes of compounds were obtained in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Yuan
- Green Chemistry Group, School of Sciences and Technology, Chemistry Division, ChIP Research Center, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy.,Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Liudmila Kachalova
- Green Chemistry Group, School of Sciences and Technology, Chemistry Division, ChIP Research Center, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Muhammad E I Khan
- Green Chemistry Group, School of Sciences and Technology, Chemistry Division, ChIP Research Center, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Roberto Ballini
- Green Chemistry Group, School of Sciences and Technology, Chemistry Division, ChIP Research Center, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Marino Petrini
- Green Chemistry Group, School of Sciences and Technology, Chemistry Division, ChIP Research Center, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- Green Chemistry Group, School of Sciences and Technology, Chemistry Division, ChIP Research Center, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
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19
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Novak I. Photoionization of poly-nitrosobenzenes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Gao C, Ni Z, Zhang X, Hu W, Dong H. Recent advances in n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors and their multi-functional applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1331-1381. [PMID: 36723084 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00720g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors have received broad attention and research interest due to their unique integration of semiconducting properties with structural tunability, intrinsic flexibiltiy and low cost. In order to meet the requirements of organic electronic devices and their integrated circuits, p-type, n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors are all necessary. However, due to the limitation in both material synthesis and device fabrication, the development of n-type and ambipolar materials is quite behind that of p-type materials. Recent development in synthetic methods of organic semiconductors greatly enriches the range of n-type and ambipolar materials. Moreover, the newly developed materials with multiple functions also put forward multi-functional device applications, including some emerging research areas. In this review, we give a timely summary on these impressive advances in n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors with a special focus on their synthesis methods and advanced materials with enhanced properties of charge carrier mobility, integration of high mobility and strong emission and thermoelectric properties. Finally, multi-functional device applications are further demonstrated as an example of these developed n-type and ambipolar materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongshuai Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Can Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zhenjie Ni
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.,Department of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, Fuzhou International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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21
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Salzillo T, Brillante A, Weber T, Schlüter AD. What Changes in Topochemistry when Going from Small Molecule Dimerizations to Polymerizations in Single Crystals? Helv Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Salzillo
- Department of Industrial Chemistry ‘Toso Montanari' University of Bologna Viale del Risorgimento 4 IT-40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Aldo Brillante
- Department of Industrial Chemistry ‘Toso Montanari' University of Bologna Viale del Risorgimento 4 IT-40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Thomas Weber
- Department of Materials ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - A. Dieter Schlüter
- Department of Materials ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
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22
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Hipwell VM, Meyer AR, Garcia-Garibay MA. Exceptionally Long Lifetimes of Strongly Entangled Acyl-Trityl Radical Pairs Photochemically Generated in Crystalline Trityl Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1342-1348. [PMID: 36598840 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Triplet acyl-alkyl radical pairs generated by pulsed laser excitation within the constraints of their nanocrystalline ketone precursors were recently introduced as a potential platform for the robust and repeated instantiation of spin qubit pairs for applications in quantum information science. Here, we report the transient spectroscopy of a series of nanocrystalline trityl-alkyl and trityl-aryl ketones capable of generating correlated triplet radical pairs with persistent triphenylmethyl radicals forced to remain within bonding distances of highly reactive acyl radicals. Whereas triplet trityl-acyl radical pairs decay by competing product-forming decarbonylation and intersystem crossing, triplet trityl-benzoyl radical pairs have lifetimes of up to ca. 4 ms and exclusively regenerate the starting ketone. We propose that these long lifetimes are the result of the short inter-radical distances and the colinear orientation of the two singly occupied orbitals, which are expected to result in large singlet-triplet energy gaps, large zero-field splitting parameters, and a poor geometry for spin-obit coupling. Ketones generating trityl-benzoyl radical pairs demonstrate promising performance along multiple dimensions that are crucial for quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince M Hipwell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024-1569, United States
| | - Alana Rose Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024-1569, United States
| | - Miguel A Garcia-Garibay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024-1569, United States
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23
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Jiang Y, Zhu H, Chen J, Ma Q, Liao S. Linear Cyclobutane-Containing Polymer Synthesis via [2 + 2] Photopolymerization in an Unconfined Environment under Visible Light. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1336-1342. [PMID: 36394547 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The [2 + 2] photopolymerization of diolefinic monomers is an appealing approach for the construction of polymeric materials. Herein, we demonstrate that the establishment of an effective donor-acceptor conjugation by introducing electron-donating alkoxy groups at appropriate positions of the benzene ring could activate p-phenylenediacrylate (PDA), thus enabling the development of the first solution [2 + 2] photopolymerization of such monomers under the irradiation of visible light. Variation on the alkoxy groups and the ester parts could allow access to a series of linear cyclobutane-containing polymer products with high molecular weight (up to 140 kDa) and good solubility in common solvents. Further, temporal control and postpolymerization modification with preinstalled pendant C═C bonds via thiol-ene click reaction are also demonstrated with this [2 + 2] photopolymerization system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianxu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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24
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Oburn SM, Huss S, Cox J, Gerthoffer MC, Wu S, Biswas A, Murphy M, Crespi VH, Badding JV, Lopez SA, Elacqua E. Photochemically Mediated Polymerization of Molecular Furan and Pyridine: Synthesis of Nanothreads at Reduced Pressures. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22026-22034. [PMID: 36417898 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanothreads are emerging one-dimensional sp3-hybridized materials with high predicted tensile strength and a tunable band gap. They can be synthesized by compressing aromatic or nonaromatic small molecules to pressures ranging from 15-30 GPa. Recently, new avenues are being sought that reduce the pressure required to afford nanothreads; the focus has been placed on the polymerization of molecules with reduced aromaticity, favorable stacking, and/or the use of higher reaction temperatures. Herein, we report the photochemically mediated polymerization of pyridine and furan aromatic precursors, which achieves nanothread formation at reduced pressures. In the case of pyridine, it was found that a combination of slow compression/decompression with broadband UV light exposure yielded a crystalline product featuring a six-fold diffraction pattern with similar interplanar spacings to previously synthesized pyridine-derived nanothreads at a reduced pressure. When furan is compressed to 8 GPa and exposed to broadband UV light, a crystalline solid is recovered that similarly demonstrates X-ray diffraction with an interplanar spacing akin to that of the high-pressure synthesized furan-derived nanothreads. Our method realizes a 1.9-fold reduction in the maximum pressure required to afford furan-derived nanothreads and a 1.4-fold reduction in pressure required for pyridine-derived nanothreads. Density functional theory and multiconfigurational wavefunction-based computations were used to understand the photochemical activation of furan and subsequent cascade thermal cycloadditions. The reduction of the onset pressure is caused by an initial [4+4] cycloaddition followed by increasingly facile thermal [4+2]-cycloadditions during polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalisa M Oburn
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Steven Huss
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jordan Cox
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Margaret C Gerthoffer
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sikai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Arani Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Morgan Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Vincent H Crespi
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John V Badding
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Steven A Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Elizabeth Elacqua
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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25
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Wei Z, Wang X, Seo B, Luo X, Hu Q, Jones J, Zeller M, Wang K, Savoie BM, Zhao K, Dou L. Side‐Chain Control of Topochemical Polymer Single Crystals with Tunable Elastic Modulus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213840. [PMID: 36219546 PMCID: PMC10092176 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Topochemical polymerizations hold the promise of producing high molecular weight and stereoregular single crystalline polymers by first aligning monomers before polymerization. However, monomer modifications often alter the crystal packing and result in non-reactive polymorphs. Here, we report a systematic study on the side chain functionalization of the bis(indandione) derivative system that can be polymerized under visible light. Precisely engineered side chains help organize the monomer crystals in a one-dimensional fashion to maintain the topochemical reactivity. By optimizing the side chain length and end group of monomers, the elastic modulus of the resulting polymer single crystals can also be greatly enhanced. Lastly, using ultrasonication, insoluble polymer single crystals can be processed into free-standing and robust polymer thin films. This work provides new insights on the molecular design of topochemical reactions and paves the way for future applications of this fascinating family of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitang Wei
- Davidson School of Chemical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA
| | - Xiaokang Wang
- School of Mechanical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA
| | - Bumjoon Seo
- Davidson School of Chemical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA
| | - Xuyi Luo
- Davidson School of Chemical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA
| | - Qixuan Hu
- Davidson School of Chemical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA
| | - Jack Jones
- Davidson School of Chemical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of ChemistryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA
| | - Kang Wang
- Davidson School of Chemical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA
| | - Brett M. Savoie
- Davidson School of Chemical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA
| | - Kejie Zhao
- School of Mechanical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA
- Birck Nanotechnology CenterPurdue UniversityPurdue UniversityWest Lafayette, INUSA
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26
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Hema K, Raju C, Bhandary S, Sureshan KM. Tuning the Regioselectivity of Topochemical Polymerization through Cocrystallization of the Monomer with an Inert Isostere. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210733. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntrapakam Hema
- School of Chemistry IISER Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
- Present address: Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Cijil Raju
- School of Chemistry IISER Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | | | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry IISER Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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27
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Yue B, Jia X, Baryshnikov GV, Jin X, Feng X, Lu Y, Luo M, Zhang M, Shen S, Ågren H, Zhu L. Photoexcitation‐Based Supramolecular Access to Full‐Scale Phase‐Diagram Structures through in situ Phase‐Volume Ratio Phototuning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209777. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Yue
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xiaoyong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
- Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Glib V. Baryshnikov
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University 60174 Norrköping Sweden
| | - Xin Jin
- Institute of Lasers and Biophotonics School of Biomedical Engineering Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Xicheng Feng
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Yunle Lu
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Mengkai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Shen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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28
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Raju C, Kunnikuruvan S, Sureshan KM. Topochemical Cycloaddition Reaction between an Azide and an Internal Alkyne. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210453. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cijil Raju
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram Kerala-695551 India
| | - Sooraj Kunnikuruvan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram Kerala-695551 India
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29
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Yue B, Jia X, Baryshnikov GV, Jin X, Feng X, Lu Y, Luo M, Zhang M, Shen S, Ågren H, Zhu L. Photoexcitation‐based Supramolecular Access to Full‐scale Phase‐diagram Structures through in situ Phase‐volume Ratio Phototuning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Yue
- Fudan University Department of Macromolecular Science CHINA
| | - Xiaoyong Jia
- Fudan University Department of Macromolecular Science CHINA
| | | | - Xin Jin
- Wenzhou Medical College - Chashan Campus: Wenzhou Medical University School of Biomedical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xicheng Feng
- USST: University of Shanghai for Science and Technology School of Materials and Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yunle Lu
- Fudan University Department of Macromolecular Science CHINA
| | - Mengkai Luo
- Fudan University Department of Macromolecular Science CHINA
| | - Man Zhang
- Fudan University Department of Macromolecular Science CHINA
| | - Shen Shen
- Fudan University Department of Macromolecular Science CHINA
| | - Hans Ågren
- Uppsala Universitet Department of Physics and Astronomy Roslagstullsbacken 15 10691 Stockholm SWEDEN
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- Fudan University Department of Macromolecular Science 220 Handan RoadYangpu District 200433 Shanghai CHINA
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30
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Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) polymers have garnered widespread interest because of their intriguing physicochemical properties. Envisaged applications in fields including nanodevices, solid-state chemistry, physical organic chemistry, and condensed matter physics, however, demand high-quality and large-scale production. In this perspective, we first introduce exotic band structures of organic frameworks holding honeycomb, kagome, and Lieb lattices. We further discuss how mesoscale ordered 2D polymers can be synthesized by means of choosing suitable monomers and optimizing growth conditions. We describe successful polymerization strategies to introducing a non-benzenoid subunit into a π-conjugated carbon lattice via delicately designed monomer precursors. Also, to obviate transfer and restore the intrinsic properties of π-conjugated polymers, new paradigms of aryl-aryl coupling on inert surfaces are discussed. Recent achievements in the photopolymerization demonstrate the need for monomer design. We conclude the potential applications of these organic networks and project the future possibilities in providing new insights into on-surface polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchao Niu
- Beihang Hangzhou Innovation Institute Yuhang, Xixi Octagon City, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Chenqiang Hua
- Beihang Hangzhou Innovation Institute Yuhang, Xixi Octagon City, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Beihang Hangzhou Innovation Institute Yuhang, Xixi Octagon City, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 310023, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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31
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Hema K, Raju C, Bhandary S, Sureshan KM. Tuning the Regioselectivity of Topochemical Polymerization through Cocrystallization of the Monomer with an Inert Isostere. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntrapakam Hema
- School of Chemistry IISER Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
- Present address: Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Cijil Raju
- School of Chemistry IISER Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | | | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry IISER Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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32
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Luo X, Wei Z, Seo B, Hu Q, Wang X, Romo JA, Jain M, Cakmak M, Boudouris BW, Zhao K, Mei J, Savoie BM, Dou L. Circularly Recyclable Polymers Featuring Topochemically Weakened Carbon-Carbon Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16588-16597. [PMID: 35994519 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Closed-loop circular utilization of plastics is of manifold significance, yet energy-intensive and poorly selective scission of the ubiquitous carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds in contemporary commercial polymers pose tremendous challenges to envisioned recycling and upcycling scenarios. Here, we demonstrate a topochemical approach for creating elongated C-C bonds with a bond length of 1.57∼1.63 Å between repeating units in the solid state with decreased bond dissociation energies. Elongated bonds were introduced between the repeating units of 12 distinct polymers from three classes. In all cases, the materials exhibit rapid depolymerization via breakage of the elongated bond within a desirable temperature range (140∼260 °C) while otherwise remaining remarkably stable under harsh conditions. Furthermore, the topochemically prepared polymers are processable and 3D-printable while maintaining a high depolymerization yield and tunable mechanical properties. These results suggest that the crystalline polymers synthesized from simple photochemistry and without expensive catalysts are promising for practical applications with complete materials' circularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyi Luo
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zitang Wei
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bumjoon Seo
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Qixuan Hu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiaokang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Joseph A Romo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mayank Jain
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mukerrem Cakmak
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bryan W Boudouris
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kejie Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Brett M Savoie
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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33
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Sun C, Oppenheim JJ, Skorupskii G, Yang L, Dincă M. Reversible topochemical polymerization and depolymerization of a crystalline 3D porous organic polymer with C–C bond linkages. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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34
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Topochemical Cycloaddition Reaction between an Azide and an Internal Alkyne. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Wang Z, Amjaour H, Robertson JEM, Azizov D, Ugrinov A, Chu QR. A recyclable thermoset with built-in thermocleavable group developed from a cis-cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8850-8853. [PMID: 35849079 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01502a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of recyclable thermoset has been developed from cis-3,4-diphenylcyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid (CBDA-4) due to its thermocleavability at high temperature. This key CBDA-4 building block was synthesized from β-trans-cinnamic acid using a [2+2] photocycloaddition reaction. CBDA-4 was subsequently linked with glycerol via esterification to give a thermoset with Tg of 68 °C. The thermoset was heated to 300 °C to analyze its degradation. A key intermediate was successfully obtained after purification of the degraded polymer. NMR, FT-IR, HRMS, and single crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed the intermediate was glycerol cinnamate, which was the result of splitting cyclobutane in the polymer backbone at high temperature. Glycerol cinnamate was readily hydrolyzed reforming the starting materials glycerol and trans-cinnamic acid to complete the recycling loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| | - Houssein Amjaour
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| | - Joseph E M Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| | - Djavdat Azizov
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| | - Angel Ugrinov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Qianli R Chu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
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36
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Li B, Tong F, Lv M, Wang Z, Liu Y, Wang P, Cheng H, Dai Y, Zheng Z, Huang B. In Situ Monitoring Charge Transfer on Topotactic Epitaxial Heterointerface for Tetracycline Degradation at the Single-Particle Level. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fengxia Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Min Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zeyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hefeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ying Dai
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhaoke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Baibiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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37
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Itoh T, Suzuki T, Kondo F, Suzuki T, Uno T, Kubo M, Tohnai N, Sanda F, Miyata M. Preservation of the Conformational Structures of Single-Polymer Crystals in Solution. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Itoh
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Kondo
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takumi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takahiro Uno
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masataka Kubo
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumio Sanda
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Mikiji Miyata
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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38
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Ravi A, Hassan SZ, Bhandary S, Sureshan KM. Topochemical Postulates: Are They Relevant for Topochemical Reactions Occurring at Elevated Temperatures? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200954. [PMID: 35258143 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A rigid inositol-derived monomer functionalized with azide and alkyne as the complementary reactive groups (CRGs) crystallized as three distinct polymorphs I-III. Despite the unsuitable orientation of CRGs in the crystals for complete polymerization, all the three polymorphs underwent regiospecific and quantitative topochemical azide-alkyne cycloaddition (TAAC) polymerization upon heating to yield three different polymorphs of 1,2,3-triazol-1,4-diyl-linked-poly-neo-inositol. The molecules in these polymorphs exploit the weak intermolecular interactions, free space in the crystal lattice, and heat energy for their large and cooperative molecular motion to attain a transient reactive orientation, ultimately leading to the regiospecific TAAC reaction yielding distinct crystalline polymers. This study cautions that the overreliance on topochemical postulates for the prediction of topochemical reactivity at high temperatures could be misleading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthi Ravi
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Vithura, India
| | - Syed Zahid Hassan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Vithura, India.,Present Address: Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Subhrajyoti Bhandary
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Vithura, India.,Present Address: Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Vithura, India
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39
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Baillargeon P, Robidas R, Toulgoat O, Michaud Z, Legault CY, Rahem T. Crystal Structures of Lignocellulosic Furfuryl Biobased Polydiacetylenes with Hydrogen-Bond Networks: Influencing the Direction of Solid-State Polymerization through Modification of the Spacer Length. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:2812-2823. [PMID: 35529068 PMCID: PMC9073937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We present the topochemical polymerization of two lignocellulosic biobased diacetylenes (DAs) that only differ by an alkyl spacer length of 1 methylene (n = 1) or 3 methylene units (n = 3) between the diyne and carbamate functionalities. Their crystalline molecular organizations have the distinctive feature of being suitable for polymerization in two potential directions, either parallel or skewed to the hydrogen-bonded (HB) network. However, single-crystal structures of the final polydiacetylenes (PDAs) demonstrate that the resulting orientation of the conjugated backbones is different for these two derivatives, which lead to HB supramolecular polymer networks (2D nanosheets) for n = 1 and to independent linear PDA chains with intramolecular HBs for n = 3. Thus, spacer length modification can be considered a new strategy to influence the molecular orientation of conjugated polymer chains, which is crucial for developing the next generation of materials with optimal mechanical and optoelectronic properties. Calculations were performed on model oligodiacetylenes to evaluate the cooperativity effect of HBs in the different crystalline supramolecular packing motifs and the energy profile related to the torsion of the conjugated backbone of a PDA chain (i.e., its ability to adopt planar or helical conformations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Baillargeon
- Département
de chimie, Cégep de Sherbrooke, 475 rue du Cégep, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K1, Canada
| | - Raphaël Robidas
- Département
de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Olivier Toulgoat
- Département
de chimie, Cégep de Sherbrooke, 475 rue du Cégep, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K1, Canada
| | - Zacharie Michaud
- Département
de chimie, Cégep de Sherbrooke, 475 rue du Cégep, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K1, Canada
| | - Claude Y. Legault
- Département
de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Tarik Rahem
- Département
de chimie, Cégep de Sherbrooke, 475 rue du Cégep, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K1, Canada
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40
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Rai R, Sureshan KM. Topochemical Synthesis of a Heterochiral Peptide Polymer in Different Polymorphic Forms from Crystals and Aerogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202111623. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Rai
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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41
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Paolino M, Saletti M, Reale A, Razzano V, Giuliani G, Donati A, Bonechi C, Giorgi G, Atrei A, Mauro M, Scamporrino A, Samperi F, Fois E, Tabacchi G, Botta C, Cappelli A. Spontaneous polymerization of benzofulvene derivatives bearing complexed or un-complexed pyridine rings. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ravi A, Hassan SZ, Bhandary S, Sureshan KM. Topochemical Postulates: Are They Relevant for Topochemical Reactions Occurring at Elevated Temperatures? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthi Ravi
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram 695551 Vithura India
| | - Syed Zahid Hassan
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram 695551 Vithura India
- Present Address: Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Subhrajyoti Bhandary
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram 695551 Vithura India
- Present Address: Department of Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281-S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram 695551 Vithura India
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Yoshii T, Chida K, Nishihara H, Tani F. Ordered carbonaceous frameworks: a new class of carbon materials with molecular-level design. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3578-3590. [PMID: 35254359 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07228e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ordered carbonaceous frameworks (OCFs) are a new class of carbon materials with a three-dimensional ordered structure synthesized by simple carbonization of metalloporphyrin crystals with polymerizable moieties. Carbonization via solid-state polymerization results in the formation of graphene-based ordered frameworks in which regularly aligned single-atomic metals are embedded. These unique structural features afford molecular-level designability like organic-based frameworks together with high electrical conductivity, thermal/chemical stability, and mechanical flexibility, towards a variety of applications including electrocatalysis and force-driven phase transition. This feature article summarizes the synthetic strategies and characteristics of OCFs in comparison with conventional organic-based frameworks and porous carbons, to discuss the potential applications and further development of the OCF family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeharu Yoshii
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Koki Chida
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Hirotomo Nishihara
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan. .,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Fumito Tani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Dhaka A, Jeon IR, Jeannin O, Aubert E, Espinosa E, Fourmigué M. Topochemical Polymerization of a Diacetylene in a Chalcogen-Bonded (ChB) Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116650. [PMID: 35014139 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The successful topochemical polymerization of bis(selenocyanatomethyl)butadyine 1 is achieved upon association in a 1 : 1 co-crystal with 1,2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethylene (2-bpen) through strong and linear (NC)-Se⋅⋅⋅NPy chalcogen bonding (ChB) interactions, allowing for an appropriate parallel alignment of the diacetylene moieties toward the solid-state reaction. Co-crystal 1⋅(2-bpen) undergoes polymerization upon heating at 100 °C. The reaction progress was monitored by IR, DSC and PXRD. An enhancement of the polymer conductivity by 8 orders of magnitude is observed upon iodine doping. Strikingly, the course of polymerization is accompanied with sublimation of the ChB acceptor molecules 2-bpen, providing the polymer in a pure form with full recovery of the co-former, at variance with the usual hydrogen-bonded co-crystal strategies toward polydiacetylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Dhaka
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Ie-Rang Jeon
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Jeannin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuel Aubert
- Laboratoire CRM2, UMR CNRS 7036, Institut Jean Barriol, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Enrique Espinosa
- Laboratoire CRM2, UMR CNRS 7036, Institut Jean Barriol, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Marc Fourmigué
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, 35042, Rennes, France
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Sureshan KM, Rai R. Topochemical Synthesis of a Heterochiral Peptide Polymer in Different Polymorphic Forms from Crystals and Aerogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kana M Sureshan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram School of Chemistry ThiruvananthapuramMaruthamalaVithura 695551 Thiruvananthapuram INDIA
| | - Rishika Rai
- IISER-TVM: Indian Institute of Science Education Research Thiruvananthapuram Chemistry 695551 Thiruvananthapuram INDIA
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Athiyarath V, Madhusudhanan MC, Kunnikuruvan S, Sureshan KM. Secondary Structure Tuning of a Pseudoprotein Between β‐Meander and α‐Helical Forms in the Solid‐State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Athiyarath
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Mithun C. Madhusudhanan
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Sooraj Kunnikuruvan
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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DHAKA A, JEON IR, JEANNIN O, AUBERT E, ESPINOSA E, Fourmigue M. Topochemical polymerization of a diacetylene in a chalcogen‐bonded (ChB) assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun DHAKA
- Rennes 1 University: Universite de Rennes 1 ISCR FRANCE
| | - Ie-Rang JEON
- Rennes 1 University: Universite de Rennes 1 ISCR FRANCE
| | | | | | | | - Marc Fourmigue
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Universite Rennes1 Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes Campus de BeaulieuBatiment 10C 35042 Rennes FRANCE
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Gamma Radiation- and Ultraviolet-Induced Polymerization of Bis(amino acid)fumaramide Gel Assemblies. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14010214. [PMID: 35012236 PMCID: PMC8747669 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the polymerization of supramolecular self-assembly through external stimuli holds great potential for the development of responsive soft materials and manipulation at the nanoscale. Vinyl esters of bis(leu or val)fumaramide (1a and 2a) have been found to be gelators of various organic solvents and were applied in this investigation of the influence of organogelators’ self-assembly on solid-state polymerization induced by gamma and ultraviolet irradiation. Here, we report our investigation into the influences of self-assemblies of bis(amino acid vinyl ester)fumaramides on gamma-ray- and ultraviolet-induced polymerization. The gelator molecules self-assembled by non-covalent interactions, mainly through hydrogen bonds between the amide group (CONH) and the carboxyl group (COO), thus forming a gel network. NMR and FTIR spectroscopy were used to investigate and characterize supramolecular gels. TEM and SEM microscopy were used to investigate the morphology of gels and polymers. Morphology studies showed that the gels contained a filamentous structure of nanometer dimensions that was exhaustive in a three-dimensional network. The prepared derivatives contained reactive alkyl groups suitable for carrying out the polymerization reaction initiated by gamma or ultraviolet radiation in the supramolecular aggregates of selected gels. It was found that the polymerization reaction occurred only in the network of the gel and was dependent on the structure of aggregates or the proximity and orientation of double bonds in the gel network. Polymers were formed by the gels exposure to gamma and ultraviolet radiation in toluene, and water/DMF gels with transcripts of their gel structure into polymers. The polymeric material was able to immobilize various solvents by swelling. Furthermore, methyl esters of bis(leu and val)fumaramide (1b and 2b) were synthesized; these compounds showed no gelling properties, and the crystal structure of the valine derivative 2b was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Hofer
- X-ray Platform D-MATL, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5-10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5-10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. Dieter Schlüter
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5-10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Weber
- X-ray Platform D-MATL, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5-10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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50
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Samanta J, Dorn RW, Zhang W, Jiang X, Zhang M, Staples RJ, Rossini AJ, Ke C. An ultra-dynamic anion-cluster-based organic framework. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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