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Kikkawa Y, Tsuzuki S. Stability of n-alkanes and n-perfluoroalkanes against horizontal displacement on a graphite surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:24314-24321. [PMID: 39257182 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02418d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
The stability of adsorbed molecules on surfaces is fundamental and important for various applications, such as coating, lubrication, friction, and self-assembled structure formation. In this study, we investigated the structures and interaction energies (Eint) of propane, n-pentane, n-heptane, perfluoropropane, n-perfluoropentane, and n-perfluoroheptane adsorbed on the surface of C96H24 (a model surface of graphite). The changes in Eint (ΔEint = Eint - Eint(0)) associated with the horizontal displacement from the stable position were calculated using dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT; B3LYP-D3), where Eint(0) is the Eint at the stable position. The maximum value of ΔEint (ΔEint(max)) associated with the horizontal displacement increased as the chain length increased. The ΔEint(max) for the three n-alkanes were 1.10, 1.82, and 2.35 kcal mol-1, respectively. The values for n-perfluoroalkanes were 0.57, 0.83, and 1.04 kcal mol-1, respectively. The ΔEint(max) values for the n-alkanes were significantly larger than those for the corresponding n-perfluoroalkanes. The Eint(max) value per carbon atom of the n-alkanes (ca. 0.30 kcal mol-1) is approximately 2.5 times as large as that of n-perfluoroalkanes (ca. 0.12 kcal mol-1). The ΔEint associated with the horizontal displacement of propane and perfluoropropane on circumcoronene (C54H18) obtained by the B3LYP-D3 calculations are close to those obtained by the second order Møller-Plesset (MP2) and dispersion-corrected double hybrid DFT calculations, suggesting the sufficient accuracy of the ΔEint obtained by the B3LYP-D3. Thus, our quantitative analysis revealed the higher stability of n-alkanes against horizontal displacement on a graphite surface than that of n-perfluoroalkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Seiji Tsuzuki
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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Tirey TN, Singh A, Arango JC, Claridge SA. Nanoscale Surface Chemical Patterning of Soft Polyacrylamide with Elastic Modulus Similar to Soft Tissue. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:8264-8273. [PMID: 39279906 PMCID: PMC11397139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Nanometer-scale control over surface functionalization of soft gels is important for a variety of applications including controlling interactions with cells for in vitro cell culture and for regenerative medicine. Recently, we have shown that it is possible to transfer a nanometer-thick precision functional polymer layer to the surface of relatively stiff polyacrylamide gels. Here, we develop a fundamental understanding of the way in which the precision polymer backbone participates in the polyacrylamide radical polymerization and cross-linking process, which enables us to generate high-efficiency transfer to much softer hydrogels (down to 5 kPa) with stiffness similar to that of soft tissue. This approach creates hydrogel surfaces with exposed nanostructured functional arrays that open the door to controlled ligand presentation on soft hydrogel surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teah N Tirey
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Anamika Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Juan C Arango
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shelley A Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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3
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Marvaniya K, Dobariya P, Maurya A, Patel K, Kushwaha S. Epitaxially Grown Mechanically Robust 2D Thin Film of Secondary Interactions Led Molecularly Woven Material. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310797. [PMID: 38368253 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Molecularly woven materials with striking mechanical resilience, and 2D controlled topologies like textiles, fishing nets, and baskets are highly anticipated. Molecular weaving exclusively apprehended by the secondary interactions expanding to laterally grown 2D self-assemblies with retained crystalline arrangement is stimulating. The interlacing entails planar molecules screwed together to form 2D woven thin films. Here, secondary interactions led 2D interlaced molecularly woven material (2°MW) built by 1D helical threads of organic chromophores twisted together via end-to-end CH···O connections, held strongly at inter-crossing by multiple OH···N interactions to prevent slippage is presented. Whereas, 1D helical threads with face-to-face O-H···O connections sans interlacing led the non-woven material (2°NW). The polarity-driven directionality in 2°MW led the water-actuated epitaxial growth of 2D-sheets to lateral thin films restricted to nano-scale thickness. The molecularly woven thin film is self-healing, flexible, and mechanically resilient in nature, while maintaining the crystalline regularity is attributed to the supple secondary interactions (2°).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Marvaniya
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Dobariya
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ashish Maurya
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ketan Patel
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shilpi Kushwaha
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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4
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El Hasnaoui N, Fatimi A, Benjalal Y. Self-Assembly of Molecular Landers Equipped with Functional Moieties on the Surface: A Mini Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6277. [PMID: 38892465 PMCID: PMC11172695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The bottom-up fabrication of supramolecular and self-assembly on various substrates has become an extremely relevant goal to achieve prospects in the development of nanodevices for electronic circuitry or sensors. One of the branches of this field is the self-assembly of functional molecular components driven through non-covalent interactions on the surfaces, such as van der Waals (vdW) interactions, hydrogen bonding (HB), electrostatic interactions, etc., allowing the controlled design of nanostructures that can satisfy the requirements of nanoengineering concepts. In this context, non-covalent interactions present opportunities that have been previously explored in several molecular systems adsorbed on surfaces, primarily due to their highly directional nature which facilitates the formation of well-ordered structures. Herein, we review a series of research works by combining STM (scanning tunneling microscopy) with theoretical calculations, to reveal the processes used in the area of self-assembly driven by molecule Landers equipped with functional groups on the metallic surfaces. Combining these processes is necessary for researchers to advance the self-assembly of supramolecular architectures driven by multiple non-covalent interactions on solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia El Hasnaoui
- Department of Chemistry, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco (A.F.)
- Chemical Science and Engineering Research Team (ERSIC), Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Fatimi
- Department of Chemistry, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco (A.F.)
- Chemical Science and Engineering Research Team (ERSIC), Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Youness Benjalal
- Department of Chemistry, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco (A.F.)
- Chemical Science and Engineering Research Team (ERSIC), Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
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Yurtsever A, Hirata K, Kojima R, Miyazawa K, Miyata K, Kesornsit S, Zareie H, Sun L, Maeda K, Sarikaya M, Fukuma T. Dynamics of Molecular Self-Assembly of Short Peptides at Liquid-Solid Interfaces - Effect of Charged Amino Acid Point Mutations. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400653. [PMID: 38385848 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Self-organizing solid-binding peptides on atomically flat solid surfaces offer a unique bio/nano hybrid platform, useful for understanding the basic nature of biology/solid coupling and their practical applications. The surface behavior of peptides is determined by their molecular folding, which is influenced by various factors and is challenging to study. Here, the effect of charged amino acids is studied on the self-assembly behavior of a directed evolution selected graphite-binding dodecapeptide on graphite surface. Two mutations, M6 and M8, are designed to introduce negatively and positively charged moieties, respectively, at the anchoring domain of the wild-type (WT) peptide, affecting both binding and assembly. The questions addressed here are whether mutant peptides exhibit molecular crystal formation and demonstrate molecular recognition on the solid surface based on the specific mutations. Frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy is used for observations of the surface processes dynamically in water at molecular resolution over several hours at the ambient. The results indicate that while the mutants display distinct folding and surface behavior, each homogeneously nucleates and forms 2D self-organized patterns, akin to the WT peptide. However, their growth dynamics, domain formation, and crystalline lattice structures differ significantly. The results represent a significant step toward the rational design of bio/solid interfaces, potent facilitators of a variety of future implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Yurtsever
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kaito Hirata
- Institute for Frontier Science and Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kojima
- Division of Nano Life Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyazawa
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuki Miyata
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Division of Nano Life Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Sanhanut Kesornsit
- Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hadi Zareie
- Dentomimetix, Inc., Fluke Hall, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Linhao Sun
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Maeda
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mehmet Sarikaya
- Dentomimetix, Inc., Fluke Hall, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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6
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Liu S, Norikane Y, Kikkawa Y. Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:872-892. [PMID: 37674543 PMCID: PMC10477993 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoarchitectonics has attracted increasing attention owing to its potential applications in nanomachines, nanoelectronics, catalysis, and nanopatterning, which can contribute to overcoming global problems related to energy and environment, among others. However, the fabrication of ordered nanoarchitectures remains a challenge, even in two dimensions. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the self-assembly processes and substantial factors for building ordered structures is critical for tailoring flexible and desirable nanoarchitectures. Scanning tunneling microscopy is a powerful tool for revealing the molecular conformations, arrangements, and orientations of two-dimensional (2D) networks on surfaces. The fabrication of 2D assemblies involves non-covalent interactions that play a significant role in the molecular arrangement and orientation. Among the non-covalent interactions, dispersion interactions that derive from alkyl chain units are believed to be weak. However, alkyl chains play an important role in the adsorption onto substrates, as well as in the in-plane intermolecular interactions. In this review, we focus on the role of alkyl chains in the formation of ordered 2D assemblies at the solid/liquid interface. The alkyl chain effects on the 2D assemblies are introduced together with examples documented in the past decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyi Liu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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7
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Xie R, Hu Y, Lee SL. A Paradigm Shift from 2D to 3D: Surface Supramolecular Assemblies and Their Electronic Properties Explored by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300413. [PMID: 36922729 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exploring supramolecular architectures at surfaces plays an increasingly important role in contemporary science, especially for molecular electronics. A paradigm of research interest in this context is shifting from 2D to 3D that is expanding from monolayer, bilayers, to multilayers. Taking advantage of its high-resolution insight into monolayers and a few layers, scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) turns out a powerful tool for analyzing such thin films on a solid surface. This review summarizes the representative efforts of STM/STS studies of layered supramolecular assemblies and their unique electronic properties, especially at the liquid-solid interface. The superiority of the 3D molecular networks at surfaces is elucidated and an outlook on the challenges that still lie ahead is provided. This review not only highlights the profound progress in 3D supramolecular assemblies but also provides researchers with unusual concepts to design surface supramolecular structures with increasing complexity and desired functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Xie
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Zbonikowski R, Mente P, Bończak B, Paczesny J. Adaptive 2D and Pseudo-2D Systems: Molecular, Polymeric, and Colloidal Building Blocks for Tailored Complexity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:855. [PMID: 36903733 PMCID: PMC10005801 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional and pseudo-2D systems come in various forms. Membranes separating protocells from the environment were necessary for life to occur. Later, compartmentalization allowed for the development of more complex cellular structures. Nowadays, 2D materials (e.g., graphene, molybdenum disulfide) are revolutionizing the smart materials industry. Surface engineering allows for novel functionalities, as only a limited number of bulk materials have the desired surface properties. This is realized via physical treatment (e.g., plasma treatment, rubbing), chemical modifications, thin film deposition (using both chemical and physical methods), doping and formulation of composites, or coating. However, artificial systems are usually static. Nature creates dynamic and responsive structures, which facilitates the formation of complex systems. The challenge of nanotechnology, physical chemistry, and materials science is to develop artificial adaptive systems. Dynamic 2D and pseudo-2D designs are needed for future developments of life-like materials and networked chemical systems in which the sequences of the stimuli would control the consecutive stages of the given process. This is crucial to achieving versatility, improved performance, energy efficiency, and sustainability. Here, we review the advancements in studies on adaptive, responsive, dynamic, and out-of-equilibrium 2D and pseudo-2D systems composed of molecules, polymers, and nano/microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan Paczesny
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Shi X, Liu H, Hu Z, Zhao J, Gao J. Porous carbon-based metal-free monolayers towards highly stable and flexible wearable thermoelectrics and microelectronics. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1522-1528. [PMID: 36546423 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05443d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the search for high mechanical strength and flexibility, ultrahigh semiconducting speed is crucial for the next generation of microelectronic and wearable electronics. Herein, we propose two 2D graphene-like macrocyclic complex carbon-based monolayers, namely g-MC-A and g-MC-B. Both monolayers are dynamically stable according to phonon dispersion and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The yield stress of these two layers reaches half that of graphene, revealing remarkably high mechanical strength. Besides, both monolayers are semiconductors. The electron mobility of g-MC-A is high: up to 104 cm2 V-1 s-1, comparable to black phosphorene. Furthermore, these two monolayers exhibit excellent inherent conductivity with anisotropic characteristics. Interestingly, an extra valley is observed near the conduction band edge for both layers, further simulation predicted both metal-free monolayers will exhibit ZT > 1, implying high thermoelectric performance. Therefore, these two C-based metal-free layers have promising applications in mechanical enhancement, microelectronics, wearable electronics and thermoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Ziyu Hu
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Junfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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10
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Pálinkás A, Kálvin G, Vancsó P, Kandrai K, Szendrő M, Németh G, Németh M, Pekker Á, Pap JS, Petrik P, Kamarás K, Tapasztó L, Nemes-Incze P. The composition and structure of the ubiquitous hydrocarbon contamination on van der Waals materials. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6770. [PMID: 36351922 PMCID: PMC9646725 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavior of single layer van der Waals (vdW) materials is profoundly influenced by the immediate atomic environment at their surface, a prime example being the myriad of emergent properties in artificial heterostructures. Equally significant are adsorbates deposited onto their surface from ambient. While vdW interfaces are well understood, our knowledge regarding atmospheric contamination is severely limited. Here we show that the common ambient contamination on the surface of: graphene, graphite, hBN and MoS2 is composed of a self-organized molecular layer, which forms during a few days of ambient exposure. Using low-temperature STM measurements we image the atomic structure of this adlayer and in combination with infrared spectroscopy identify the contaminant molecules as normal alkanes with lengths of 20-26 carbon atoms. Through its ability to self-organize, the alkane layer displaces the manifold other airborne contaminant species, capping the surface of vdW materials and possibly dominating their interaction with the environment. Here, the authors attribute the ambient surface contamination of van der Waals materials to a self-organized molecular layer of normal alkanes with lengths of 20-26 carbon atoms. The alkane adlayer displaces the manifold other airborne contaminant species, capping the surface of graphene, graphite, hBN and MoS2.
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11
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Lei P, Ma L, Zhang S, Li J, Gan L, Deng K, Duan W, Li W, Zeng Q. The self-assembly and structural regulation of a hydrogen-bonded dimeric building block formed by two N-H…O hydrogen bonds on HOPG. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Edmondson M, Saywell A. Molecular Diffusion and Self-Assembly: Quantifying the Influence of Substrate hcp and fcc Atomic Stacking. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8210-8215. [PMID: 36198056 PMCID: PMC9614974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diffusion is a fundamental process underpinning surface-confined molecular self-assembly and synthesis. Substrate topography influences molecular assembly, alignment, and reactions with the relationship between topography and diffusion linked to the thermodynamic evolution of such processes. Here, we observe preferential adsorption sites for tetraphenylporphyrin (2H-TPP) on Au(111) and interpret nucleation and growth of molecular islands at these sites in terms of spatial variation in diffusion barrier driven by local atomic arrangements of the Au(111) surface (the 22× √3 "herringbone" reconstruction). Variable-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy facilitates characterization of molecular diffusion, and Arrhenius analysis allows quantitative characterization of diffusion barriers within fcc and hcp regions of the surface reconstruction (where the in-plane arrangement of the surface atoms is identical but the vertical stacking differs). The higher barrier for diffusion within fcc locations underpins the ubiquitous observation of preferential island growth within fcc regions, demonstrating the relationship between substrate-structure, diffusion, and molecular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Edmondson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Saywell
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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13
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Chen M, Wang H, Li E, Li X, Shi T. Hierarchically supramolecular polymerization of anthraquinone dye to chiral aggregates via 2D-monolayered nanosheets: the unanticipated role of pathway complexity. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14052-14056. [PMID: 36134624 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04404h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An anthraquinone dye underwent supramolecular polymerization, affording 2D-monolayered nanosheets in a kinetically controlled state. The nanosheets then transformed into hierarchically chiral aggregates in a thermodynamically controlled step. The unanticipated role played by pathway complexity was clearly unravelled in this work, highlighting the diversified pathways in the supramolecular polymerization of various building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong Prov., China.
| | - Houchen Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong Prov., China.
| | - Enhui Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong Prov., China.
| | - Xueru Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong Prov., China.
| | - Tiesheng Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong Prov., China.
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Bunjes O, Hedman D, Rittmeier A, Paul LA, Siewert I, Ding F, Wenderoth M. Making and breaking of chemical bonds in single nanoconfined molecules. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq7776. [PMID: 36083910 PMCID: PMC9462694 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq7776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoconfinement of catalytically active molecules is a powerful strategy to control their chemical activity; however, the atomic-scale mechanisms are challenging to identify. In the present study, the site-specific reactivity of a model rhenium catalyst is studied on the subnanometer scale for complexes confined within quasi-one-dimensional molecular chains on the Ag(001) surface by scanning tunneling microscopy. Injection of tunneling electrons causes ligand dissociation in single molecules. Unexpectedly, while half of the complexes show only the dissociation, the confined molecules show also the reverse reaction. On the basis of density functional theory calculations, this drastic difference can be attributed to the limited space in confinement. That is, the split-off ligand adsorbs closer to the molecule and the dissociation causes less structural disruption. Both of these facilitate the reverse reaction. We demonstrate formation and disruption of single chemical bonds of nanoconfined molecules with potential application in molecular data storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Bunjes
- IV. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Hedman
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexandra Rittmeier
- IV. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lucas A. Paul
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inke Siewert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Martin Wenderoth
- IV. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Woods JF, Gallego L, Pfister P, Maaloum M, Vargas Jentzsch A, Rickhaus M. Shape-assisted self-assembly. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3681. [PMID: 35760814 PMCID: PMC9237116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly and molecular recognition are critical processes both in life and material sciences. They usually depend on strong, directional non-covalent interactions to gain specificity and to make long-range organization possible. Most supramolecular constructs are also at least partially governed by topography, whose role is hard to disentangle. This makes it nearly impossible to discern the potential of shape and motion in the creation of complexity. Here, we demonstrate that long-range order in supramolecular constructs can be assisted by the topography of the individual units even in the absence of highly directional interactions. Molecular units of remarkable simplicity self-assemble in solution to give single-molecule thin two-dimensional supramolecular polymers of defined boundaries. This dramatic example spotlights the critical function that topography can have in molecular assembly and paves the path to rationally designed systems of increasing sophistication. Self-assembly and molecular recognition usually depend on strong, directional non-covalent interactions but also topography can play a role in the formation of supramolecular constructs which makes it nearly impossible to discern the potential of shape and motion in the creation of complexity. Here, the authors demonstrate that long-range order in supramolecular constructs can be assisted by the topography of the individual units even in the absence of highly directional interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Woods
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucía Gallego
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Pfister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mounir Maaloum
- SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Andreas Vargas Jentzsch
- SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Rickhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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16
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Nie H, Wei Z, Ni XL, Liu Y. Assembly and Applications of Macrocyclic-Confinement-Derived Supramolecular Organic Luminescent Emissions from Cucurbiturils. Chem Rev 2022; 122:9032-9077. [PMID: 35312308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbit[n]urils (Q[n]s or CB[n]s), as a classical of artificial organic macrocyclic hosts, were found to have excellent advantages in the fabricating of tunable and smart organic luminescent materials in aqueous media and the solid state with high emitting efficiency under the rigid pumpkin-shaped structure-derived macrocyclic-confinement effect in recent years. This review aims to give a systematically up-to-date overview of the Q[n]-based supramolecular organic luminescent emissions from the confined spaces triggered host-guest complexes, including the assembly fashions and the mechanisms of the macrocycle-based luminescent complexes, as well as their applications. Finally, challenges and outlook are provided. Since this class of Q[n]-based supramolecular organic luminescent emissions, which have essentially derived from the cavity-dependent confinement effect and the resulting assembly fashions, emerged only a few years ago, we hope this review will provide valuable information for the further development of macrocycle-based light-emitting materials and other related research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigen Nie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin-Long Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Dai H, Huang W, Zeng Q. Temperature-induced self-assembly transformation: an effective external stimulus on 2D supramolecular structures. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01139e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the development of nano-characterization technology, imaging and controlling of two-dimension (2D) self-assembled supramolecular structures on the surface have drawn increasing attention in nanoscience and technology. As an important influence...
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18
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Bellamy-Carter A, Roche C, Anderson HL, Saywell A. Self-assembly of a strapped linear porphyrin oligomer on HOPG. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20388. [PMID: 34650172 PMCID: PMC8516934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99881-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric structures based on porphyrin units exhibit a range of complex properties, such as nanoscale charge transport and quantum interference effects, and have the potential to act as biomimetic materials for light-harvesting and catalysis. These functionalities are based upon the characteristics of the porphyrin monomers, but are also emergent properties of the extended polymer system. Incorporation of these properties within solid-state devices requires transfer of the polymers to a supporting substrate, and may require a high-degree of lateral order. Here we show that highly ordered self-assembled structures can be formed via a simple solution deposition protocol; for a strapped linear porphyrin oligomer adsorbed on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate. Two distinct molecule–molecule interactions are observed to drive the formation of two molecular phases (‘Interdigitated’ and ‘Bridge-stabilised’) characterised by scanning tunnelling microscopy, providing information on the unit cell dimensions and self-assembled structure. The concentration dependence of these phases is investigated, and we conclude that the bridge-stabilised phase is a thermodynamically stable structure at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cécile Roche
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Alex Saywell
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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