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Díaz-Maroto CG, Verdugo F, Fermoso J, Pizarro P, Serrano DP, Moreno I, Fermoso J. Hydrochars derived from real organic wastes as carbonaceous precursors of activated carbons for the removal of NO from contaminated gas streams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173897. [PMID: 38901591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The improvement of air quality in densely-populated urban regions constitutes an environmental challenge of increasing concern. In this respect, the abatement of NO emissions, primarily emanating from combustion processes associated with motor-vehicles, along with industrial/domestic combustion systems, represents one of the main problems. Here, three hydrochars from diverse organic residues were used as activated carbon precursors for their evaluation in the NO removal in two potential application scenarios. Hydrochars were physically activated at 800 °C with pure-CO2 or diluted-O2. These materials were tested in a lab-scale biofilter at different conditions (NO concentration, temperature, relative humidity, NO-containing gas and carbon particle size) and in a larger-scale biofilter to evaluate the long-term NO removal capacity. Hydrochar-derived carbons present a relatively well-developed micro- and mesoporous structure, with BET areas of up to 421 m2/g, and a variety of oxygen surface functionalities (carboxylic, lactone, carbonyl and quinone groups), especially concerning CO2-activated carbons. These exhibited an excellent behaviour at low NO concentration (5 ppmv) between 25 and 75 °C with removal capacities of ≈97 % and > 82 %, respectively; and still good-performance (≈66 %) in a more concentrated gas (120 ppmv). Whilst, carbons obtained by diluted-O2 activation from the same hydrochars, evidenced a higher removal capacity loss at high NO concentration. The O2 presence in the gas stream was confirmed as a crucial factor in the NO elimination, since both co-adsorb on the carbon surface favouring NO oxidation to NO2. Besides, the humidity in the airstream diminished the NO removal capacity from 0.88 to 0.51 mgNO/gcarbon, but still remained at 0.54 mgNO/gcarbon, when the carbon (in pellet) was operated at larger-scale biofilter in 9-fold longer test under humid air. Therefore, this study highlights the potential of renewable carbons to serve as cost-effective component in urban biofilters, to mitigate NO emissions from exhaust gases in biomass boilers and urban semi-close areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Díaz-Maroto
- Thermochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Verdugo
- CARTIF Technology Centre, Parque Tecnológico de Boecillo, 205, 47151 Boecillo, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jose Fermoso
- CARTIF Technology Centre, Parque Tecnológico de Boecillo, 205, 47151 Boecillo, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Patricia Pizarro
- Thermochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - David P Serrano
- Thermochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Moreno
- Thermochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fermoso
- Thermochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
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Wang C, Li R, Guo W. Design and screening of bimetallic catalysts for nitric oxide reduction by CO: a study of kinetic Monte Carlo simulation based on first-principles calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:23754-23765. [PMID: 39229742 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02613f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) emissions pose a significant environmental challenge, and the development of effective catalysts for NO reduction is crucial. This study investigates the potential of striped bimetallic catalysts for NO reduction by CO using kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations based on first-principles calculations. The simulations reveal that the activity on the striped Ni-Pt-Pt (111) surface is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that on the terraced Ni-Pt-Pt (111) surface at the same temperatures, demonstrating the importance of defect engineering. Sensitivity analysis identifies CO oxidation as the rate-determining step, although the 2N* association barrier is higher than CO oxidation, highlighting the need to consider reaction conditions in kinetic simulations. Volcano plots based on the formation energies of NO* and CO* successfully predict the striped Ni-Pd-Pd (111) and Ni-Rh-Rh (111) surfaces as optimal catalysts, which were further validated through DFT calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. This study offers valuable insights for designing high-performance bimetallic catalysts for NO reduction and underscores the importance of considering specific reaction conditions in kinetic simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caimu Wang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Renyi Li
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material (MOE), Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Wang C, Wang X, Ge Y, Xu Y, Hao L, Tan J, Li R, Wen M, Wang Y. Decelerating catalyst aging of natural gas engines using organic Rankine cycle under road conditions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33067. [PMID: 38994049 PMCID: PMC11238045 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
High exhaust temperature is an intrinsic nature of natural gas engines which underlies power de-rating and thermal aging of after-treatment system; therefore, this study integrates an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system between engine and it's three-way catalyst (TWC) to address these challenges. ORC facilitates power output enhancement through exhaust energy recovery and alleviates thermal aging by reducing exhaust temperature. To estimate the effectiveness of this hypothesized system, a simulation-based investigation is performed. First, simulation models, including engine, TWC, and vehicle dynamic models, are built and validated by experimental data. According to the temperature characteristics of different TWCs, three scenarios, representing old, current, and prospective TWC technology, are formulated to estimate the ORC performance under Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle. Results show that ORC system can substantially alleviate the thermal damage caused by high exhaust temperature and extend TWC lifespan. It is estimated that over 98.5 % of thermal damage can be decreased by proper ORC setting, and the average TWC lifespan extension can be at least 55.4, making a reduced noble metal usage and cost of TWC. Meanwhile, with the decrease of the working temperature of TWC, ORC can recover exhaust energy under more road conditions, further improving the net power and shortening the payback period of extra ORC hardware costs. A reduction in the working temperature of TWC from 770.5 K to 618 K yields a 109 % enhancement in maximum power, coupled with a 62.30 % reduction in the payback period. These findings fully reflect the advantage of ORC-TWC coupling and indicate that ORC is supposed to be used more for the TWC with a low working temperature to maximize economic effectiveness. This study provides a novel pathway for thermal aging alleviation of TWC and a valuable reference for prospective studies on matching ORC with TWC under road conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street No.5, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street No.5, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yunshan Ge
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street No.5, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Xu
- Mechanical Electrical Engineering School, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Xiaoying east road No.12, 100192 Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Hao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street No.5, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Tan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street No.5, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Ruonan Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street No.5, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street No.5, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yachao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street No.5, 100081 Beijing, China
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He X, Ding Y, Shi Z, Zhao B, Zhang C, Han F, Ren J, Zhang S. Optimization of synergistic capturing platinum group metals by Fe-Sn and its mechanism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120847. [PMID: 38626486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Platinum group metals (PGMs) are strategic metals. Auto-exhaust catalysts are their main application fields. The recovery of PGMs from spent auto-exhaust catalysts has remarkable economic value and strategic significance. Aiming at the problems of ferrosilicon generation for Fe capturing and subsequent oxygen blowing to remove iron with high energy consumption and heat release, a technology of Fe-Sn synergistic capturing PGMs was proposed. Taking full the advantage of the lower melting point of Fe-Sn alloy (<1200 °C) and its unique affinity for PGMs, the PGMs were captured at approximate 1400 °C with Fe-Sn as the collector. In experiment, 500 g of spent auto-exhaust catalysts were employed to minimize error and approximate industrial production. The mechanism of Fe-Sn synergistic capturing PGMs was elucidated. The generation of Fe-Sn-PGMs alloy lowered the activity of [PGMs] in the system, accelerated the reduction of the PGMs oxides and promoted the alloying of [PGMs]. Therefore, Fe-Sn synergistic capturing PGMs was realized. The inability of Si to enter the alloy phase was confirmed by theoretical calculations, avoiding the generation of ferrosilicon. The effects of basicity, CaF2, m(Fe)/m(Sn) and the amount of collector on capturing PGMs were optimized. Under the optimized conditions (basicity R = 1.1, spent auto-exhaust catalysts 70 wt%, CaO 30 wt%, B2O3 10 wt%, CaF2 7 wt%, m(Fe)/m(Sn) = 1/1 and the collector 15 wt%), the content of PGMs in the slag phase was 2.46 g/t. It is feasible to remove Fe and Sn by oxidation to achieve the purpose of PGMs enrichment. This technology offers guidance on the safe, environmentally sound, and efficient disposal of spent auto-exhaust catalysts, promoting the sustainable development of PGMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng He
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yunji Ding
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Shunde Innovation Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528399, China; Institute of Engineering Technology, Sinopec Catalyst Co., Ltd., Beijing, 101111, China.
| | - Zhisheng Shi
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Baohuai Zhao
- Institute of Engineering Technology, Sinopec Catalyst Co., Ltd., Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- Institute of Engineering Technology, Sinopec Catalyst Co., Ltd., Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Fenglan Han
- School of Material Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Institute of Engineering Technology, Sinopec Catalyst Co., Ltd., Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Shengen Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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Tan Z, Huang B. Independent Multiple-Atom-Site Functionality in Composition Adjustable Immiscible Ru-Rh-Pd-Pt Solid-Solution High-Entropy Alloys for NO x Reduction Outperforming Rh. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400496. [PMID: 38390642 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The high-entropy-alloy (HEA) nanoparticles with four, five or more metals significantly can yield the developments of functional materials with excellent performances in various reactions. However, the underlying reaction mechanisms of heterogeneous catalysis for HEA have been rarely investigated, due to their diverse elements and complex compositions. In this study, we successfully synthesized the homogeneously dispersed Ru-Rh-Pd-Pt HEA with adjustable compositions, as the multiple-atom-site catalysts (MASC). In the NOx reduction performance tests, Ru0.4 (Rh0.33Pd0.33Pt0.33)0.6 MASC showed the highest activity, which was significantly improved compared to that of the best monometal Rh, with the light-off temperature decreasing by ca. 50 °C. The Fourier transform infrared measurements revealed that the outstanding activity of Ru-Rh-Pd-Pt MASC was attributable to the well-coupled elementary steps of the CO adsorption, NO adsorption, NO dissociation and O spillover on the Ru, Rh, Rh-Pd and Pt sites, respectively, which explained the first clear reaction mechanism in heterogeneous catalysis for HEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Tan
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Innovation Harbour, Xi-xian New District, Xi'an, 712-000, China
| | - Bo Huang
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Innovation Harbour, Xi-xian New District, Xi'an, 712-000, China
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University, Innovation Harbour, Xi-xian New District, Xi'an, 712-000, China
- School of Future Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Innovation Harbour, Xi-xian New District, Xi'an, 712-000, China
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Le PH, Kitamoto Y, Yamashita S, Cao KLA, Hirano T, Amen TWM, Tsunoji N, Ogi T. Macropore-Size Engineering toward Enhancing the Catalytic Performance of CO Oxidation over Three-Way Catalyst Particles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:54073-54084. [PMID: 37944066 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, transportation-related air pollution has escalated into a global concern, necessitating the development of a three-way catalyst (TWC) technology to address harmful emissions. However, the efficiency of TWC's performance in mitigating these emissions has been hindered because of limited mass transfer efficiency within their structures. Thus, this study attempted to overcome the existing issue by synthesizing a series of macroporous TWC particles exhibiting various macropore sizes via a template-assisted spray process, aiming to achieve optimal mass transfer efficiency and catalytic performance. The synthesis incorporated various template particles (size of 67-381 nm) to obtain various macroporous structures. Thereafter, these macroporous particles were assessed for their carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation performance, revealing a substantial influence of the macropore size on the catalytic performance of TWC structures. Interestingly, among the investigated samples, those containing the smallest and largest macropores demonstrated the highest CO oxidation performances. Based on these results, a plausible reactant diffusion mechanism was proposed to explain the effect of the macropore size on the diffusion efficiency within the macroporous structures. This work may have significant implications in optimizing the macroporous structure to enhance catalytic performance in the gas purification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong Hoai Le
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kitamoto
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Shunki Yamashita
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kiet Le Anh Cao
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hirano
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Tareq W M Amen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Nao Tsunoji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogi
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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Xu G, Cai C, Zhao W, Liu Y, Wang T. Rational design of catalysts with earth‐abundant elements. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaomou Xu
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science Westlake University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Cheng Cai
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science Westlake University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Wanghui Zhao
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science Westlake University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yonghua Liu
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science Westlake University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Tao Wang
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science Westlake University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
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Jing Y, Wang G, Mine S, Kawai J, Toyoshima R, Kondoh H, Zhang X, Nagaoka S, Shimizu KI, Toyao T. Promoting Effect of Basic Metal Additives on DeNOx Reactions over Pt-Based Three-Way Catalysts. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hu Y, Li Z, Li B, Yu C. Recent Progress of Diatomic Catalysts: General Design Fundamentals and Diversified Catalytic Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203589. [PMID: 36148825 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, some experiments and theoretical work have pointed out that diatomic catalysts not only retain the advantages of monoatomic catalysts, but also introduce a variety of interactions, which exceed the theoretical limit of catalytic performance and can be applied to many catalytic fields. Here, the interaction between adjacent metal atoms in diatomic catalysts is elaborated: synergistic effect, spacing enhancement effect (geometric effect), and electronic effect. With regard to the classification and characterization of various new diatomic catalysts, diatomic catalysts are classified into four categories: heteronuclear/homonuclear, with/without carbon carriers, and their characterization measures are introduced and explained in detail. In the aspect of preparation of diatomic catalysts, the widely used atomic layer deposition method, metal-organic framework derivative method, and simple ball milling method are introduced, with emphasis on the formation mechanism of diatomic catalysts. Finally, the effective control strategies of four diatomic catalysts and the key applications of diatomic catalysts in electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, thermal catalysis, and other catalytic fields are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Hu
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Zesheng Li
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Bolin Li
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Changlin Yu
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
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Soto Beobide A, Moschovi AM, Mathioudakis GN, Kourtelesis M, Lada ZG, Andrikopoulos KS, Sygellou L, Dracopoulos V, Yakoumis I, Voyiatzis GA. High Catalytic Efficiency of a Nanosized Copper-Based Catalyst for Automotives: A Physicochemical Characterization. Molecules 2022; 27:7402. [PMID: 36364229 PMCID: PMC9657973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The global trend in restrictions on pollutant emissions requires the use of catalytic converters in the automotive industry. Noble metals belonging to the platinum group metals (PGMs, platinum, palladium, and rhodium) are currently used for autocatalysts. However, recent efforts focus on the development of new catalytic converters that combine high activity and reduced cost, attracting the interest of the automotive industry. Among them, the partial substitution of PGMs by abundant non-PGMs (transition metals such as copper) seems to be a promising alternative. The PROMETHEUS catalyst (PROM100) is a polymetallic nanosized copper-based catalyst for automotives prepared by a wet impregnation method, using as a carrier an inorganic mixed oxide (CeO2-ZrO2) exhibiting elevated oxygen storage capacity. On the other hand, catalyst deactivation or ageing is defined as the process in which the structure and state of the catalyst change, leading to the loss of the catalyst's active sites with a subsequent decrease in the catalyst's performance, significantly affecting the emissions of the catalyst. The main scope of this research is to investigate in detail the effect of ageing on this low-cost, effective catalyst. To that end, a detailed characterization has been performed with a train of methods, such as SEM, Raman, XRD, XRF, BET and XPS, to both ceria-zirconia mixed inorganic oxide support (CZ-fresh and -aged) and to the copper-based catalyst (PROM100-fresh and -aged), revealing the impact of ageing on catalytic efficiency. It was found that ageing affects the Ce-Zr mixed oxide structure by initiating the formation of distinct ZrO2 and CeO2 structures monitored by Raman and XRD. In addition, it crucially affects the morphology of the sample by reducing the surface area by a factor of nearly two orders of magnitude and increasing particle size as indicated by BET and SEM due to sintering. Finally, the Pd concentration was found to be considerably reduced from the material's surface as suggested by XPS data. The above-mentioned alterations observed after ageing increased the light-off temperatures by more than 175 °C, compared to the fresh sample, without affecting the overall efficiency of the catalyst for CO and CH4 oxidation reactions. Metal particle and CeZr carrier sintering, washcoat loss as well as partial metal encapsulation by Cu and/or CeZrO4 are identified as the main causes for the deactivation after hydrothermal ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Soto Beobide
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences FORTH/ICE-HT, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | | | - Georgios N. Mathioudakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences FORTH/ICE-HT, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | | | - Zoi G. Lada
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences FORTH/ICE-HT, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantinos S. Andrikopoulos
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences FORTH/ICE-HT, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Labrini Sygellou
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences FORTH/ICE-HT, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Vassilios Dracopoulos
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences FORTH/ICE-HT, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | | | - George A. Voyiatzis
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences FORTH/ICE-HT, 26504 Patras, Greece
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11
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Yohannes AG, Fink K, Kondov I. Pt nanoparticles under oxidizing conditions - implications of particle size, adsorption sites and oxygen coverage on stability. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4554-4569. [PMID: 36341292 PMCID: PMC9595194 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00490a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles are efficient catalysts for different reactions, such as oxidation of carbon and nitrogen monoxides. Adsorption and interaction of oxygen with the nanoparticle surface, taking place under reaction conditions, determine not only the catalytic efficiency but also the stability of the nanoparticles against oxidation. In this study, platinum nanoparticles in oxygen environment are investigated by systematic screening of initial nanoparticle-oxygen configurations and employing density functional theory and a thermodynamics-based approach. The structures formed at low oxygen coverages are described by adsorption of atomic oxygen on the nanoparticles whereas at high coverages oxide-like species are formed. The relative stability of adsorption configurations at different oxygen coverages, including the phase of fully oxidized nanoparticles, is investigated by constructing p-T phase diagrams for the studied systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfaw G Yohannes
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Steinbuch Centre for Computing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Karin Fink
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Ivan Kondov
- Steinbuch Centre for Computing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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12
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Bang GJ, Gu GH, Noh J, Jung Y. Activity Trends of Methane Oxidation Catalysts under Emission Conditions. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gi Joo Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Geun Ho Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- School of Energy Technology, Korea Institute of Energy Technology, 200 Hyuksin-ro, Naju, 58330, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhwan Noh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yousung Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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13
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Cui Y, Shen M, Wang J, Wang J, Shen G, Wang C. Comprehensive kinetic model of a three-way catalyst for stoichiometric natural gas engines: Experiments and simulation. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) are included in the group of promoted transport fuel alternatives in Europe. Most studies on emissions factors are based on old technology CNG and LPG fueled vehicles. Furthermore, there are not many data at low ambient temperatures, on-road driving, or unregulated pollutants, such as ammonia (NH3). In this study we measured the emissions of one Euro 6b CNG light commercial vehicle, one Euro 6b and one Euro 6d-Temp bi-fuel LPG passenger car, one Euro 6d-Temp bi-fuel CNG passenger car, and four Euro 6d-Temp CNG passenger cars. Tests included on-road testing and worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycles (WLTC) in the laboratory with cold and hot engine, at 23 °C and −7 °C. The results showed 10–23% CO2 savings in gas modality compared to gasoline, lower CO and particle number emissions, and relatively similar total and non-methane hydrocarbons and NOx emissions. The ammonia emissions were high for all vehicles and fuels; higher than gasoline and diesel vehicles. The results also showed that, following the introduction of the real-driving emissions regulation, even though not applicable to the examined vehicles, Euro 6d-Temp vehicles had lower emissions compared to the Euro 6b vehicles.
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15
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Tan Z, Haneda M, Kitagawa H, Huang B. Slow Synthesis Methodology-Directed Immiscible Octahedral Pd x Rh 1-x Dual-Atom-Site Catalysts for Superior Three-Way Catalytic Activities over Rh. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202588. [PMID: 35302275 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study provided an effective strategy to construct dual-atom sites by solid-solution alloying. A slow synthesis methodology was established for the solid-solution preparations as dual-atom-site catalysts. The atomic-level homogeneous Pdx Rh1-x dual-atom-site catalysts were successfully synthesized over the whole composition range, as evidenced by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscope energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping measurements. The challenging morphology formation in the immiscible alloys was achieved by an energy-controlling process as the octahedral Rh-rich alloys. The Pd0.3 Rh0.7 dual-atom-site catalyst had unique surface states to activate the key reactants of CO and NO in the complex three-way catalytic reactions, and it performed significantly better than pure Rh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Tan
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Innovation Harbour, Xi-xian New District, Xi'an, 712-000, China
| | - Masaaki Haneda
- Advanced Ceramics Research Centre, Nagoya Institute of Technology, 10-6-29 Asahigaoka, Tajimi, Gifu, 507-0071, Japan.,Frontier Research Institute for Materials Science, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 465-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Bo Huang
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Innovation Harbour, Xi-xian New District, Xi'an, 712-000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350-002, China
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16
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Synthesis of macroporous three-way catalysts via template-assisted spray process for enhancing mass transfer in gas adsorption. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Wang S, Jiang N, Liu Y, Hao Y, Zhang Q, Niu H, Wang J. Novel hollow hierarchical Pb-Mg thin nanosheet catalyst with high performance for solvent-free synthesis of methyl phenyl carbonate. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Tan Z, Haneda M, Kitagawa H, HUANG B. Slow Synthesis Methodology‐Directed Immiscible Octahedral PdxRh1‐x Dual‐Atom‐Site Catalysts for Superior Three‐Way Catalytic Activities over Rh. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Tan
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology CHINA
| | - Masaaki Haneda
- Nagoya Institute of Technology: Nagoya Kogyo Daigaku Advanced Ceramics research Center JAPAN
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science JAPAN
| | - Bo HUANG
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Department of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityBeilin ward 710049 Xi’an CHINA
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19
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20
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Jing Y, Wang G, Mine S, Maeno Z, Siddiki SMAH, Kobayashi M, Nagaoka S, Shimizu KI, Toyao T. Role of Ba in an Al2O3‐Supported Pd‐based Catalyst under Practical Three‐Way Catalysis Conditions. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jing
- Hokkaido University Institute for Catalysis JAPAN
| | - Gang Wang
- Hokkaido University Institute for Catalysis JAPAN
| | - Shinya Mine
- Hokkaido University Institute for Catalysis JAPAN
| | - Zen Maeno
- Hokkaido University Institute for Catalysis JAPAN
| | | | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Johnson Matthey Savannah: Johnson Matthey Process Technologies Inc Japan branch JAPAN
| | | | | | - Takashi Toyao
- Hokkaido university Institute of Catalysis N-21, W-10 001-0021 Sapporo JAPAN
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21
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Cui C, Zhang Y, Shan W, Yu Y, He H. Influence of NO x on the activity of Pd/θ-Al 2O 3 catalyst for methane oxidation: Alleviation of transient deactivation. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 112:38-47. [PMID: 34955221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alumina supported Pd catalyst (Pd/Al2O3) is active for complete oxidation of methane, while often suffers transient deactivation during the cold down process. Herein, heating and cooling cycle tests between 200 and 900°C and isothermal experiments at 650°C were conducted to investigate the influence of NOx on transient deactivation of Pd/θ-Al2O3 catalyst during the methane oxidation. It was found that the co-fed of NO alleviated transient deactivation in the cooling ramp from 800 to 500°C, which was resulted from the in situ formation of NO2 during the process of methane oxidation. Over the Pd/θ-Al2O3, thermogravimetric analysis and O2 temperature programmed oxidation measurements confirmed that transient deactivation was due to the decomposition of PdO particles and the hysteresis of Pd reoxidation, while the metal Pd entities were less active for methane oxidation than the PdO ones. CO pulse chemisorption and scanning transmission electron microscopy characterizations rule out the NO2 effect on Pd size change. Powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations were used to obtain palladium status of Pd/θ-Al2O3 before and after reactions, indicating that in lean conditions at 650°C, the presence of NO2 increases the content of active PdO on the catalyst surface, thus benefits methane oxidation. Homogeneous reaction between CH4, O2, and NOx may be partially responsible for the alleviation above 650°C. The interesting research of alleviation in transient deactivation by NOx, the components co-existing in exhausts, are of great significance for the application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Cui
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Ningbo Research Center for Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Wenpo Shan
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Ningbo Research Center for Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Yunbo Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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22
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Campa MC, Doyle AM, Fierro G, Pietrogiacomi D. Simultaneous abatement of NO and N2O with CH4 over modified Al2O3 supported Pt,Pd,Rh. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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23
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Wang G, Jing Y, Ting KW, Maeno Z, Zhang X, Nagaoka S, Shimizu KI, Toyao T. Effect of oxygen storage materials on the performance of Pt-based three-way catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00469k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pt supported on oxygen storage materials (CeO2 and CeO2–ZrO2) as effective three-way catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yuan Jing
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kah Wei Ting
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Zen Maeno
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- Johnson Matthey Japan G.K., 5123-3, Kitsuregawa, Sakura, Tochigi 329-1412, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nagaoka
- Johnson Matthey Japan G.K., 5123-3, Kitsuregawa, Sakura, Tochigi 329-1412, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Shimizu
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Takashi Toyao
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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24
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Jing Y, Wang G, Ting KW, Maeno Z, Oshima K, Satokawa S, Nagaoka S, Shimizu KI, Toyao T. Roles of the basic metals La, Ba, and Sr as additives in Al2O3-supported Pd-based three-way catalysts. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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