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Aletsee CC, Hochfilzer D, Kwiatkowski A, Becherer M, Kibsgaard J, Chorkendorff I, Tschurl M, Heiz U. A re-useable microreactor for dynamic and sensitive photocatalytic measurements: Exemplified by the photoconversion of ethanol on Pt-loaded titania P25. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:033909. [PMID: 37012796 DOI: 10.1063/5.0134287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous advancements in synthesizing photoactive materials, the evaluation of their catalytic performance remains challenging since their fabrication often involves tedious strategies, yielding only low quantities in the μ-gram scale. In addition, these model catalysts exhibit different forms, such as powders or film(-like) structures grown on various supporting materials. Herein, we present a versatile gas phase μ-photoreactor, compatible with different catalyst morphologies, which is, in contrast to existing systems, re-openable and -useable, allowing not only post-characterization of the photocatalytic material but also enabling catalyst screening studies in short experimental time intervals. Sensitive and time-resolved reaction monitoring at ambient pressure is realized by a lid-integrated capillary, transmitting the entire gas flow from the reactor chamber to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Due to the microfabrication of the lid from borosilicate as base material, 88% of the geometrical area can be illuminated by a light source, further enhancing sensitivity. Gas dependent flow rates through the capillary were experimentally determined to be 1015-1016 molecules s-1, and in combination with a reactor volume of 10.5 μl, this results in residence times below 40 s. Furthermore, the reactor volume can easily be altered by adjusting the height of the polymeric sealing material. The successful operation of the reactor is demonstrated by selective ethanol oxidation over Pt-loaded TiO2 (P25), which serves to exemplify product analysis from dark-illumination difference spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara C Aletsee
- Chair of Physical Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Degenhart Hochfilzer
- SurfCat Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anika Kwiatkowski
- ZEIT, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technische Universität München, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Becherer
- ZEIT, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technische Universität München, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jakob Kibsgaard
- SurfCat Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- SurfCat Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Tschurl
- Chair of Physical Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ueli Heiz
- Chair of Physical Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Tung CW, Huang YP, Hsu CS, Chen TL, Chang CJ, Chen HM, Chen HC. Tracking the in situ generation of hetero-metal–metal bonds in phosphide electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00459c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The in situ EXAFS experiments indicated that the Co–Ru moiety suppresses the formation of metallic Co under acidic conditions and dominates the catalytic activity of Rux@CoP electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Tung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Shuo Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hao Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chien Chen
- Center for Reliability Science and Technologies, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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Terrill NJ, Dent AJ, Dobson B, Beale AM, Allen L, Bras W. Past, present and future-sample environments for materials research studies in scattering and spectroscopy; a UK perspective. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:483002. [PMID: 34479225 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Small angle x-ray scattering and x-ray absorption fine structure are two techniques that have been employed at synchrotron sources ever since their inception. Over the course of the development of the techniques, the introduction of sample environments for added value experiments has grown dramatically. This article reviews past successes, current developments and an exploration of future possibilities for these two x-ray techniques with an emphasis on the developments in the United Kingdom between 1980-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J Dent
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Dobson
- Sagentia Ltd, Harston Mill, Harston Mill, CB22 7GG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Beale
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- The Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Allen
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- The Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Wim Bras
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, One Bethel Valley Road TN 37831, United States of America
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Melián-Cabrera I. Correction: Temperature control in DRIFT cells used for in situ and operando studies: where do we stand today? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:27912. [PMID: 33289733 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp90267e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for 'Temperature control in DRIFT cells used for in situ and operando studies: where do we stand today?' by Ignacio Melián-Cabrera, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2020, DOI: .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Melián-Cabrera
- Applied Photochemistry and Materials for Energy Group, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n. PO BOX 456, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
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