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Wang T, Tan HS, Wang AJ, Li SS, Feng JJ. Fluorescent metal nanoclusters: From luminescence mechanism to applications in enzyme activity assays. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 257:116323. [PMID: 38669842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (MNCs) have outstanding fluorescence property and biocompatibility, which show widespread applications in biological analysis. Particularly, evaluation of enzyme activity with the fluorescent MNCs has been developed rapidly within the past several years. In this review, we first introduced the fluorescent mechanism of mono- and bi-metallic nanoclusters, respectively, whose interesting luminescence properties are mainly resulted from electron transfer between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels. Meanwhile, the charge migration within the structure occurs through ligand-metal charge transfer (LMCT) or ligand-metal-metal charge transfer (LMMCT). On such foundation, diverse enzyme activities were rigorously evaluated, including three transferases and nine hydrolases, in turn harvesting rapid research progresses within past 5 years. Finally, we summarized the design strategies for evaluating enzyme activity with the MNCs, presented the major issues and challenges remained in the relevant research, coupled by showing some improvement measures. This review will attract researchers dedicated to the studies of the MNCs and provide some constructive insights for their further applications in enzyme analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Tan
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ai-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jiu-Ju Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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Bento-Oliveira A, Starosta R, de Almeida RFM. Interaction of the antifungal ketoconazole and its diphenylphosphine derivatives with lipid bilayers: Insights into their antifungal action. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 753:109919. [PMID: 38307316 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Ketoconazole (Ke) is an important antifungal drug, and two of its diphenylphosphinemethyl derivatives (KeP: Ph2PCH2-Ke and KeOP: Ph2P(O)CH2-Ke) have shown improved antifungal activity, namely against a yeast strain lacking ergosterol, suggesting alternative modes of action for azole compounds. In this context, the interactions of these compounds with a model of the cell membrane were investigated, using POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) large unilamellar vesicles and taking advantage of the intrinsic fluorescence of Ke, KeP and KeOP. Steady-state fluorescence spectra and anisotropy, including partition and aggregation studies, as well as fluorescence lifetime measurements, were carried out. In addition, the ability of the compounds to increase membrane permeability was assessed through carboxyfluorescein leakage. The membrane/water mole fraction partition coefficients (Kp,x): (3.31 ± 0.36) x105, (8.31 ± 1.60) x105 and (4.66 ± 0.72) x106, for Ke, KeP and KeOP, respectively, show that all three compounds have moderate to high affinity for the lipid bilayer. Moreover, KeP, and particularly KeOP interact more efficiently with POPC bilayers than Ke, which correlates well with their in vitro antifungal activity. Furthermore, although the three compounds disturb the lipid bilayer, KeOP is the quickest and most efficient one. Hence, the higher affinity and ability to permeabilize the membrane of KeOP when compared to that of KeP, despite the higher lipophilicity of the latter, points to an important role of Ph2P(O)CH2- oxygen. Overall, this work suggests that membrane interactions are important for the antifungal activity of these azoles and should be considered in the design of new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Bento-Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Radosław Starosta
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rodrigo F M de Almeida
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Bento-Oliveira A, Moita MLCJ, de Almeida RFM, Starosta R. Unraveling environmental effects in the absorption and fluorescence spectra of p-methoxyphenylpiperazine derivatives. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 306:123583. [PMID: 37913739 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The p-methoxyphenylpiperazine motif can be found in many biologically active molecules, including approved drugs. It is characterized by a relatively weak fluorescence, which can be employed in different types of studies involving molecules with this motif. In this work, a thorough analysis of the absorption, excitation and emission spectra of the diphenyl(aminomethyl)phosphine and tris(aminomethyl)phosphine derivatives of p-methoxyphenylpiperazine, supported by the DFT calculations (ωB97XD/6-311++G(d,p)) with NBO and QTAIM analysis also for different model molecules (e.g. 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-methylpiperazine) enabled determination of the mechanisms underlying beneath the electronic transitions and allowed to rationalize mixed solvent effects observed in electronic spectra of the studied compounds. Electronic transition from the ground state to the first excited state can be regarded as the n,π → π* transition with no solvatochromic effects, however the hydrogen bonds between the HBD solvent molecules and the nitrogen atom bound directly to the aromatic ring (N(4)) are shifting strongly the 1st absorption or excitation band maxima to the higher energies. Fluorescence band, as a result of the electron transition from the equilibrated 1st excited state to the ground state, can be described as the π*→π with positive solvatochromism. N(4) in the excited states adopts a sp2 hybridization and is no longer able to form HBs. On the other hand, increased electron density on the aromatic ring makes the emission processes vulnerable to its direct environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Bento-Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria-Luísa C J Moita
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo F M de Almeida
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Radosław Starosta
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Starosta R, de Almeida RFM, Puchalska M, Suchodolski J, Derkacz D, Krasowska A. Anticandidal Cu(I) complexes with neocuproine and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine based diphenylaminomethylphosphine: Is Cu-diimine moiety a pharmacophore? J Inorg Biochem 2023; 248:112355. [PMID: 37579689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The studies on metal complexes as potential antifungals are of growing interest because they may be the answer to increasingly effective defense mechanisms. Herein we present two new copper(I) iodide or thiocyanide complexes with 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmp) and diphenylphosphine derivative of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (4MP): [CuI(dmp)4MP] (1-4MP) and [CuNCS(dmp)4MP] (2-4MP) - their synthesis, as well as structural and spectroscopic characteristics. Interestingly, while 4MP and its oxide derivative (4MOP) show a very low or no activity against all tested Candida albicans strains (MIC50 ≥ 200 μM against CAF2-1 - laboratory control strain, DSY1050 - mutant without transporters Cdr1, Cdr2, Mdr1; isogenic for CAF2-1, and fluconazole resistant clinical isolates), for 1-4MP and 2-4MP MIC50 values were 0.4 μM, independently on the complex and strain tested. Determination of the viability of NHDF-Ad (Normal Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts) cell line treated with 1-4MP and 2-4MP showed that for both complexes there was only a 20% reduction in the concentration range ¼ to 2 × MIC50 and the 70% at 4 × MIC50. Subsequently, the MLCT based luminescence of the complexes in aqueous media allowed to record the confocal micrographs of 1-4MP in the cells. The results show that it is situated most likely in the vacuoles (C. albicans) or lysosomes (NHDF-Ad).
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Starosta
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rodrigo F M de Almeida
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Małgorzata Puchalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Suchodolski
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland; Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Daria Derkacz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Krasowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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Cortat Y, Zobi F. Resurgence and Repurposing of Antifungal Azoles by Transition Metal Coordination for Drug Discovery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2398. [PMID: 37896159 PMCID: PMC10609764 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordination compounds featuring one or more antifungal azole (AA) ligands constitute an interesting family of candidate molecules, given their medicinal polyvalence and the viability of drug complexation as a strategy to improve and repurpose available medications. This review reports the work performed in the field of coordination derivatives of AAs synthesized for medical purposes by discussing the corresponding publications and emphasizing the most promising compounds discovered so far. The resulting overview highlights the efficiency of AAs and their metallic species, as well as the potential still lying in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Zobi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian R. James
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Zhuo H, Chi X, Jiang M, Xu H, Zeng M. Luminescence Switching of Organogold(I) Complexes between Aggregation-induced Phosphorescence Enhancement and Aggregation-caused Quenching by Balancing Auxiliary Ligands around the Au I Center. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1165-1170. [PMID: 33734608 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Attaching AIE-active L1 ([1,1':2',1'':4'',1'''-quaterphenyl]-2-yldiphenylphosphane) to AuCl, shortened the distances of P-C bonds to promote electron cloud overlap between AuI and L1, affords 1 (L1AuCl) with aggregation-induced phosphorescence enhancement (AIPE) activity by 3 LMCT transitions. Then substituting the coplanar L2 (9-ethynylanthracene) for the Cl- in 1 providing 2, switches the luminescence to aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) activity. Furthermore, we restore the performance from ACQ to AIPE by metathesis reactions to transfer 2 into 1. It is versatile synthetic strategy of reversible transformation between 1 and 2 that switches the luminescence of organogold(I) between AIPE and ACQ through balancing auxiliary ligands around the given metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhuo
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chi
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Mengtian Jiang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Haibing Xu
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China.,Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Zeng
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006, P. R. China
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