1
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Goodwin CAP, Corbey JF. Ligand-Metal Complementarity in Rare-Earth and Actinide Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9355-9362. [PMID: 38798242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A P Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jordan F Corbey
- Nuclear Material Processing Group, National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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2
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Tricoire M, Hsueh FC, Keener M, Rajeshkumar T, Scopelliti R, Zivkovic I, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Siloxide tripodal ligands as a scaffold for stabilizing lanthanides in the +4 oxidation state. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6874-6883. [PMID: 38725506 PMCID: PMC11077534 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00051j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic strategies to isolate molecular complexes of lanthanides, other than cerium, in the +4 oxidation state remain elusive, with only four complexes of Tb(iv) isolated so far. Herein, we present a new approach for the stabilization of Tb(iv) using a siloxide tripodal trianionic ligand, which allows the control of unwanted ligand rearrangements, while tuning the Ln(iii)/Ln(iv) redox-couple. The Ln(iii) complexes, [LnIII((OSiPh2Ar)3-arene)(THF)3] (1-LnPh) and [K(toluene){LnIII((OSiPh2Ar)3-arene)(OSiPh3)}] (2-LnPh) (Ln = Ce, Tb, Pr), of the (HOSiPh2Ar)3-arene ligand were prepared. The redox properties of these complexes were compared to those of the Ln(iii) analogue complexes, [LnIII((OSi(OtBu)2Ar)3-arene)(THF)] (1-LnOtBu) and [K(THF)6][LnIII((OSi(OtBu)2Ar)3-arene)(OSiPh3)] (2-LnOtBu) (Ln = Ce, Tb), of the less electron-donating siloxide trianionic ligand, (HOSi(OtBu)2Ar)3-arene. The cyclic voltammetry studies showed a cathodic shift in the oxidation potential for the cerium and terbium complexes of the more electron-donating phenyl substituted scaffold (1-LnPh) compared to those of the tert-butoxy (1-LnOtBu) ligand. Furthermore, the addition of the -OSiPh3 ligand further shifts the potential cathodically, making the Ln(iv) ion even more accessible. Notably, the Ce(iv) complexes, [CeIV((OSi(OtBu)2Ar)3-arene)(OSiPh3)] (3-CeOtBu) and [CeIV((OSiPh2Ar)3-arene)(OSiPh3)(THF)2] (3-CePh), were prepared by chemical oxidation of the Ce(iii) analogues. Chemical oxidation of the Tb(iii) and Pr(iii) complexes (2-LnPh) was also possible, in which the Tb(iv) complex, [TbIV((OSiPh2Ar)3-arene)(OSiPh3)(MeCN)2] (3-TbPh), was isolated and crystallographically characterized, yielding the first example of a Tb(iv) supported by a polydentate ligand. The versatility and robustness of these siloxide arene-anchored platforms will allow further development in the isolation of more oxidizing Ln(iv) ions, widening the breadth of high-valent Ln chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Tricoire
- Group of Coordiantion Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Fang-Che Hsueh
- Group of Coordiantion Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Megan Keener
- Group of Coordiantion Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Cedex 4 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Ivica Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Cedex 4 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordiantion Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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3
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Wuille Bille BA, Velázquez JM. From Ln 2O 2S to Ln 10OS 14: exploring the sulphur spectrum of trivalent lanthanoid oxysulphides. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6855-6859. [PMID: 38590240 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00294f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
While Ln2O2S oxysulphides have increasingly gained attention due to their structural and optoelectronic properties, an expansive compositional space lies beyond as the sulphur-to-oxygen ratio increases. In these oxysulphides, the compounded effect of the 4f states is manifold in the lanthanoid ions and the changing bonding and environment symmetry enables the tuning of their electronic structure and photophysical properties. Their challenging syntheses have made these materials largely unexplored, but recent efforts have been made to bridge the knowledge gap. In this article we present some of the structural characteristics and photophysical properties of the lanthanoid oxysulphide spectrum LnxOySz.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús M Velázquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA.
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4
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Ouellette ET, Brackbill IJ, Kynman AE, Christodoulou S, Maron L, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Triple Inverse Sandwich versus End-On Diazenido: Bonding Motifs across a Series of Rhenium-Lanthanide and -Actinide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7177-7188. [PMID: 38598523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
While synthesizing a series of rhenium-lanthanide triple inverse sandwich complexes, we unexpectedly uncovered evidence for rare examples of end-on lanthanide dinitrogen coordination for certain heavy lanthanide elements as well as for uranium. We begin our report with the synthesis and characterization of a series of trirhenium triple inverse sandwich complexes with the early lanthanides, Ln[(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]3(THF) (1-Ln, Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm; Cp = cyclopentadienide, BDI = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-β-diketiminate). However, as we moved across the lanthanide series, we ran into an unexpected result for gadolinium in which we structurally characterized two products for gadolinium, namely, 1-Gd (analogous to 1-Ln) and a diazenido dirhenium double inverse sandwich complex Gd[(μ-η1:η1-N2)Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)][(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]2(THF)2 (2-Gd). Evidence for analogues of 2-Gd was spectroscopically observed for other heavy lanthanides (2-Ln, Ln = Tb, Dy, Er), and, in the case of 2-Er, structurally authenticated. These complexes represent the first observed examples of heterobimetallic end-on lanthanide dinitrogen coordination. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were utilized to probe relevant bonding interactions and reveal energetic differences between both the experimental and putative 1-Ln and 2-Ln complexes. We also present additional examples of novel end-on heterobimetallic lanthanide and actinide diazenido moieties in the erbium-rhenium complex (η8-COT)Er[(μ-η1:η1-N2)Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)](THF)(Et2O) (3-Er) and uranium-rhenium complex [Na(2.2.2-cryptand)][(η5-C5H4SiMe3)3U(μ-η1:η1-N2)Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)] (4-U). Finally, we expand the scope of rhenium inverse sandwich coordination by synthesizing divalent double inverse sandwich complex Yb[(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]2(THF)2 (5-Yb), as well as base-free, homoleptic rhenium-rare earth triple inverse sandwich complex Y[(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]3 (6-Y).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik T Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - I Joseph Brackbill
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Amy E Kynman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stella Christodoulou
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Robert G Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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5
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Tateyama H, Boggiano AC, Liao C, Otte KS, Li X, La Pierre HS. Tetravalent Cerium Alkyl and Benzyl Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10268-10273. [PMID: 38564671 PMCID: PMC11027143 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
High-valent cerium complexes of alkyl and benzyl ligands are unprecedented due to the incompatibility of the typically highly oxidizing Ce4+ ion and the reducing alkyl or benzyl ligand. Herein we report the synthesis and isolation of the first tetravalent cerium alkyl and benzyl complexes supported by the tri-tert-butyl imidophosphorane ligand, [NP(tBu)3]1-. The Ce4+ monoiodide complex, [Ce4+I(NP(tert-butyl)3)3] (1-CeI), serves as a precursor to the alkyl and benzyl complexes, [Ce4+(Npt)(NP(tert-butyl)3)3] (2-CeNpt) (Npt = neopentyl, CH2C(CH3)3) and [Ce4+(Bn)(NP(tert-butyl)3)3] (2-CeBn) (Bn = benzyl, CH2Ph). The bonding and structure of these complexes are characterized by single-crystal XRD, NMR and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and DFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Tateyama
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Andrew C. Boggiano
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Can Liao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kaitlyn S. Otte
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Henry S. La Pierre
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Nuclear
and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Program, School of
Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Physical
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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6
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Xue T, Ding YS, Zheng Z. A tetravalent praseodymium complex with field-induced slow magnetic relaxation. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5779-5783. [PMID: 38482700 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00052h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Herein the synthesis, structural characterization, and magnetic properties of a Pr(IV) complex [Pr(OSiPh3)4(L)] (1, L = 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine) are reported. The stability of the Pr(IV) complex significantly enhanced with the use of the bidentate ligand L. Slow magnetic relaxation was observed at low temperatures, indicating that the complex may be the first single-ion magnet with a tetravalent lanthanide ion being the magnetic center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
- Key University Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - You-Song Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
- Key University Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhiping Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
- Key University Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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7
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Flosbach NT, Bykov M, Bykova E, Rasche B, Mezouar M, Fedotenko T, Chariton S, Prakapenka VB, Wickleder MS. Stabilization of Pr 4+ in Silicates─High-Pressure Synthesis of PrSi 3O 8 and Pr 2Si 7O 18. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4875-4882. [PMID: 38412505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The reaction between PrO2 and SiO2 was investigated at various pressure points up to 29 GPa in a diamond anvil cell using laser heating and in situ single-crystal structure analysis. The pressure points at 5 and 10 GPa produced Pr2III(Si2O7), whereas Pr4IIISi3O12 and Pr2IV(O2)O3 were obtained at 15 GPa. Pr4IIISi3O12 can be interpreted as a high-pressure modification of the still unknown orthosilicate Pr4III(SiO4)3. PrIVSi3O8 and Pr2IVSi7O18 that contain praseodymium in its rare + IV oxidation state were identified at 29 GPa. After the pressure was released from the reaction chamber, the Pr(IV) silicates could be recovered, indicating that they are metastable at ambient pressure. Density functional theory calculations of the electronic structure corroborate the oxidation state of praseodymium in both PrIVSi3O8 and Pr2IVSi7O18. Both silicates are the first structurally characterized representatives of Pr4+-containing salts with oxoanions. All three silicates contain condensed networks of [SiO6] octahedra which is unprecedented in the rich chemistry of lanthanoid silicates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko T Flosbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maxim Bykov
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elena Bykova
- Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bertold Rasche
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mohamed Mezouar
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Avenue des Martyrs 71, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Timofey Fedotenko
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stella Chariton
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Vitali B Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mathias S Wickleder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
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8
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Kyrk TM, Kennedy ER, Galeano-Cabral J, McCandless GT, Scott MC, Baumbach RE, Chan JY. Much more to explore with an oxidation state of nearly four: Pr valence instability in intermetallic m-Pr 2Co 3Ge 5. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl2818. [PMID: 38277457 PMCID: PMC10816709 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
For some intermetallic compounds containing lanthanides, structural transitions can result in intermediate electronic states between trivalency and tetravalency; however, this is rarely observed for praseodymium compounds. The dominant trivalency of praseodymium limits potential discoveries of emergent quantum states in itinerant 4f1 systems accessible using Pr4+-based compounds. Here, we use in situ powder x-ray diffraction and in situ electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) to identify an intermetallic example of a dominantly Pr4+ state in the polymorphic system Pr2Co3Ge5. The structure-valence transition from a nearly full Pr4+ electronic state to a typical Pr3+ state shows the potential of Pr-based intermetallic compounds to host valence-unstable states and provides an opportunity to discover previously unknown quantum phenomena. In addition, this work emphasizes the need for complementary techniques like EELS when evaluating the magnetic and electronic properties of Pr intermetallic systems to reveal details easily overlooked when relying on bulk magnetic measurements alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent M. Kyrk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Ellis R. Kennedy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Univeristy of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jorge Galeano-Cabral
- FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | | | - Mary C. Scott
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Univeristy of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ryan E. Baumbach
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Julia Y. Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
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9
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Rajabi A, Grotjahn R, Rappoport D, Furche F. A DFT perspective on organometallic lanthanide chemistry. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:410-417. [PMID: 38013481 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03221c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Computational studies of the coordination chemistry and bonding of lanthanides have grown in recent decades as the need for understanding the distinct physical, optical, and magnetic properties of these compounds increased. Density functional theory (DFT) methods offer a favorable balance of computational cost and accuracy in lanthanide chemistry and have helped to advance the discovery of novel oxidation states and electronic configurations. This Frontier article examines the scope and limitations of DFT in interpreting structural and spectroscopic data of low-valent lanthanide complexes, elucidating periodic trends, and predicting their properties and reactivity, presented through selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadreza Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Robin Grotjahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Dmitrij Rappoport
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
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10
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Guo H, Hong D, Cui P. Tripodal tris(siloxide) ligand supported trivalent rare-earth metal complexes and redox reactivity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15672-15676. [PMID: 37882247 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02519e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Tripodal tris(siloxide) ligand supported rare-earth metal complexes LLn(III) (Ln = Ce, Pr, Tb, Y, Lu) were synthesized. The Ce(III) complex was oxidized with [N(C6H4Br)3][SbCl6] to a Ce(IV) chloride complex, which reacted with tBuONa to form a Ce(IV) tert-butoxide complex, one displaying a reduction potential cathodically shifted relative to that of Ce(IV) chloride complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Anhui Normal University, S 189, Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China.
| | - Dongjing Hong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Anhui Normal University, S 189, Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Anhui Normal University, S 189, Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China.
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11
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Boggiano AC, Studvick CM, Steiner A, Bacsa J, Popov IA, La Pierre HS. Structural distortion by alkali metal cations modulates the redox and electronic properties of Ce 3+ imidophosphorane complexes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11708-11717. [PMID: 37920331 PMCID: PMC10619540 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04262f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of Ce3+ complexes with counter cations ranging from Li to Cs are presented. Cyclic voltammetry data indicate a significant dependence of the oxidation potential on the alkali metal identity. Analysis of the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data indicates that the degree of structural distortion of the secondary coordination sphere is linearly correlated with the measured oxidation potential. Solution electronic absorption spectroscopy confirms that the structural distortion is reflected in the solution structure. Computational studies further validate this analysis, deciphering the impact of alkali metal cations on the Ce atomic orbital contributions, differences in energies of Ce-dominant molecular orbitals, energy shift of the 4f-5d electronic transitions, and degree of structural distortions. In sum, the structural impact of the alkali metal cation is demonstrated to modulate the redox and electronic properties of the Ce3+ complexes, and provides insight into the rational tuning of the Ce3+ imidophosphorane complex oxidation potential through alkali metal identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Boggiano
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332-0400 USA
| | - Chad M Studvick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325-3601 USA
| | - Alexander Steiner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - John Bacsa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332-0400 USA
| | - Ivan A Popov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325-3601 USA
| | - Henry S La Pierre
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332-0400 USA
- Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Program, School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332-0400 USA
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12
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Ramanathan A, Walter ED, Mourigal M, La Pierre HS. Increased Crystal Field Drives Intermediate Coupling and Minimizes Decoherence in Tetravalent Praseodymium Qubits. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17603-17612. [PMID: 37527523 PMCID: PMC10436280 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Crystal field (CF) control of rare-earth (RE) ions has been employed to minimize decoherence in qubits and to enhance the effective barrier of single-molecule magnets. The CF approach has been focused on the effects of symmetry on dynamic magnetic properties. Herein, the magnitude of the CF is increased via control of the RE oxidation state. The enhanced 4f metal-ligand covalency in Pr4+ gives rise to CF energy scales that compete with the spin-orbit coupling of Pr4+ and thereby shifts the paradigm from the ionic ζSOC ≫ VCF limit, used to describe trivalent RE-ion, to an intermediate coupling (IC) regime. We examine Pr4+-doped perovskite oxide lattices (BaSnO3 and BaZrO3). These systems are defined by IC which quenches orbital angular momentum. Therefore, the single-ion spin-orbit coupled states in Pr4+ can be chemically tuned. We demonstrate a relatively large hyperfine interaction of Aiso = 1800 MHz for Pr4+, coherent manipulation of the spin with QM = 2ΩRTm, reaching up to ∼400 for 0.1Pr:BSO at T = 5 K, and significant improvement of the temperature at which Tm is limited by T1 (T* = 60 K) compared to other RE ion qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Ramanathan
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Eric D. Walter
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Martin Mourigal
- School
of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Henry S. La Pierre
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Nuclear
and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Program, School of
Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Physical
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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13
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Ramanathan A, Kaplan J, Sergentu DC, Branson JA, Ozerov M, Kolesnikov AI, Minasian SG, Autschbach J, Freeland JW, Jiang Z, Mourigal M, La Pierre HS. Chemical design of electronic and magnetic energy scales of tetravalent praseodymium materials. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3134. [PMID: 37253731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lanthanides in the trivalent oxidation state are typically described using an ionic picture that leads to localized magnetic moments. The hierarchical energy scales associated with trivalent lanthanides produce desirable properties for e.g., molecular magnetism, quantum materials, and quantum transduction. Here, we show that this traditional ionic paradigm breaks down for praseodymium in the tetravalent oxidation state. Synthetic, spectroscopic, and theoretical tools deployed on several solid-state Pr4+-oxides uncover the unusual participation of 4f orbitals in bonding and the anomalous hybridization of the 4f1 configuration with ligand valence electrons, analogous to transition metals. The competition between crystal-field and spin-orbit-coupling interactions fundamentally transforms the spin-orbital magnetism of Pr4+, which departs from the Jeff = 1/2 limit and resembles that of high-valent actinides. Our results show that Pr4+ ions are in a class on their own, where the hierarchy of single-ion energy scales can be tailored to explore new correlated phenomena in quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Ramanathan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jensen Kaplan
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Dumitru-Claudiu Sergentu
- University of Rennes, CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
- A. I. Cuza University of Iași, RA-03 Laboratory (RECENT AIR), Iași, 700506, Romania
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260-3000, USA
| | - Jacob A Branson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mykhaylo Ozerov
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | | | | | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260-3000, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Zhigang Jiang
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Martin Mourigal
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Henry S La Pierre
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Program, School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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14
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Dodonov VA, Makarov VM, Zemnyukova MN, Razborov DA, Baranov EV, Bogomyakov AS, Ovcharenko VI, Fedushkin IL. Stability and Solution Behavior of [(dpp-Bian)Ln] and [(dpp-Bian)LnX] (Ln = Yb, Tm, or Dy; X = I, F, or N 3). Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A. Dodonov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Valentin M. Makarov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Marina N. Zemnyukova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Danila A. Razborov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny V. Baranov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Artem S. Bogomyakov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Victor I. Ovcharenko
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Igor L. Fedushkin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
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15
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Lu JB, Jiang XL, Wang JQ, Hu HS, Schwarz WHE, Li J. On the highest oxidation states of the actinoids in AnO 4 molecules (An = Ac - Cm): A DMRG-CASSCF study. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:190-198. [PMID: 35420170 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Actinoid tetroxide molecules AnO4 (An = Ac - Cm) are investigated with the ab initio density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) approach. Natural orbital shapes are used to read out the oxidation state (OS) of the f-elements, and the atomic orbital energies and radii are used to explain the trends. The highest OSs reveal a "volcano"-type variation: For An = Ac - Np, the OSs are equal to the number of available valence electrons, that is, AcIII , ThIV , PaV , UVI , and NpVII . Starting with plutonium as the turning point, the highest OSs in the most stable AnO4 isomers then decrease as PuV , AmV , and CmIII , indicating that the 5f-electrons are hard to be fully oxidized off from Pu onward. The variations are related to the actinoid contraction and to the 5f-covalency characteristics. Combined with previous work on OSs, we review their general trends throughout the periodic table, providing fundamental understanding of OS-relevant phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bo Lu
- Departmentof Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen.,Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Xue-Lian Jiang
- Departmentof Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - W H Eugen Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing.,Theoretische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie und Biologie, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Departmentof Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen.,Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing
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16
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Mahieu N, Piątkowski J, Simler T, Nocton G. Back to the future of organolanthanide chemistry. Chem Sci 2023; 14:443-457. [PMID: 36741512 PMCID: PMC9848160 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05976b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
At the dawn of the development of structural organometallic chemistry, soon after the discovery of ferrocene, the description of the LnCp3 complexes, featuring large and mostly trivalent lanthanide ions, was rather original and sparked curiosity. Yet, the interest in these new architectures rapidly dwindled due to the electrostatic nature of the bonding between π-aromatic ligands and 4f-elements. Almost 70 years later, it is interesting to focus on how the discipline has evolved in various directions with the reports of multiple catalytic reactivities, remarkable potential in small molecule activation, and the development of rich redox chemistry. Aside from chemical reactivity, a better understanding of their singular electronic nature - not precisely as simplistic as anticipated - has been crucial for developing tailored compounds with adapted magnetic anisotropy or high fluorescence properties that have witnessed significant popularity in recent years. Future developments shall greatly benefit from the detailed reactivity, structural and physical chemistry studies, particularly in photochemistry, electro- or photoelectrocatalysis of inert small molecules, and manipulating the spins' coherence in quantum technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Mahieu
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay91120 PalaiseauFrance
| | - Jakub Piątkowski
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay91120 PalaiseauFrance
| | - Thomas Simler
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay91120 PalaiseauFrance
| | - Grégory Nocton
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay91120 PalaiseauFrance
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17
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Lu JB, Jiang XL, Hu HS, Li J. Norm-Conserving 4f-in-Core Pseudopotentials and Basis Sets Optimized for Trivalent Lanthanides (Ln = Ce-Lu). J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:82-96. [PMID: 36512750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We present here a set of scalar-relativistic norm-conserving 4f-in-core pseudopotentials, together with complementary valence-shell Gaussian basis sets, for the lanthanide (Ln) series (Ce-Lu). The Goedecker, Teter, and Hutter (GTH) formalism is adopted with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange-correlation Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional. The 4f-in-core pseudopotentials are built through attributing 4f-subconfiguration 4fn (n = 1-14) for Ln (Ln = Ce-Lu) into the atomic core region, making it possible to circumvent the difficulty of the description of the open 4fn valence shell. A wide variety of computational benchmarks and tests have been carried out on lanthanide systems including Ln3+-containing molecular complexes, aqueous solutions, and bulk solids to validate the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of the optimized 4f-in-core GTH pseudopotentials and basis sets. The 4f-in-core GTH pseudopotentials successfully replicate the main features of lanthanide structural chemistry and reaction energetics, particularly for nonredox reactions. The chemical bonding features and solvation shells, hydrolysis energetics, acidity constants, and solid-state properties of selected lanthanide systems are also discussed in detail by utilizing these new 4f-in-core GTH pseudopotentials. This work bridges the idea of keeping highly localized 4f electrons in the atomic core and efficient pseudopotential formalism of GTH, thus providing a highly efficient approach for studying lanthanide chemistry in multi-scale modeling of constituent-wise and structurally complicated systems, including electronic structures of the condensed phase and first-principles molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xue-Lian Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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18
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Zhang J, Yang X, Wang W, Jia D. Highly-visible-light-driven photocatalysts based on terbium(III) complexes with tetraselenidoantimonate and polyamine mixed ligands. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Jiang H, Liu Z, He L, Chai Z, Wang D. The Speciation of Americium Cations in Neat Water Implicated from DFT Studies. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13858-13867. [PMID: 35984920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The recent observed manipulatable redox potential of trivalent americium ion in the aqueous phase by modifying an electrode offers an alternative to accomplish the separation. In order to understand extensively the speciation of Am, which is the prerequisite to understanding the mechanism of the oxidation of Am, we conducted a density functional study to identify the potential species of Am in its tri-, tetra-, and pentavalent states in aqueous phase. Based on the speciation analysis, the calculations implicate a stepwise mechanism for the oxidation of hydrated Am(III), which predominantly exists in its hydrated monatomic cationic form (Am3+(aq)). The two sequential one-electron oxidation processes first produce AmO2+(aq), which may establish an equilibrium with Am4+(aq), and the AmO2+(aq) may then evolve to the dioxo americyl(V) ion. These results suggest the copresence of Am4+(aq) and AmO2+(aq), which builds a bridge for the conversion of americium ion from a monatomic ion to dioxo americyl(V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lei He
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Multidisciplinary Initiative Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongqi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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20
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Wang J, Qian B, Wang T, Ma Y, Lin H, Zhang Y, Lv H, Zhang X, Hu Y, Xu S, Liu F, Li H, Jiang Z. Nontoxic Tb 3+-induced hyaluronic nano-poached egg aggregates for colorimetric and luminescent detection of Fe 3+ ions. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22285-22294. [PMID: 36043088 PMCID: PMC9366763 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03871d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates that a luminescent Tb3+ complex with green emission can be complexed with hyaluronic (hya) to form nanoparticles. The structure of complexation is composed of a Tb(acac)2phen core with a hya surface, similar to those of the nano-poached eggs. What makes the structure unique is that Tb(acac)2phen and hya are connected by chemical bonds. To confirm their utility, we illustrate that the luminescence is rapidly and selectively quenched in the presence of Fe3+. Initial cytotoxicity experiments with human liver carcinoma cells show that the luminescent lanthanide complexes are cytotoxic, however, complexing lanthanides to hya renders them cytocompatible. The new complex integrates the advantages of superior lanthanide luminescence, the unique shape of nano-poached eggs, compatibility with aqueous systems, and cytocompatibility. Tb3+-induced hyaluronic nano-poached eggs (THNE) can, therefore, be used for Fe3+ detection in aqueous systems. The original Tb3+-induced hyaluronic nano-poached eggs (THNE) integrates the advantages of superior lanthanide luminescence, the unique shape of nano-poached eggs, and non-toxicity, for the sensing of Fe3+ in aqueous surroundings.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument Equipment Technology, National Engineering and Technological Research Center of Marine Monitoring Equipment 37 Miaoling Road Qingdao 266061 P. R. China
| | - Bei Qian
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao 266109 China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument Equipment Technology, National Engineering and Technological Research Center of Marine Monitoring Equipment 37 Miaoling Road Qingdao 266061 P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument Equipment Technology, National Engineering and Technological Research Center of Marine Monitoring Equipment 37 Miaoling Road Qingdao 266061 P. R. China
| | - Haitao Lin
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument Equipment Technology, National Engineering and Technological Research Center of Marine Monitoring Equipment 37 Miaoling Road Qingdao 266061 P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Zhang
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument Equipment Technology, National Engineering and Technological Research Center of Marine Monitoring Equipment 37 Miaoling Road Qingdao 266061 P. R. China
| | - Hongmin Lv
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument Equipment Technology, National Engineering and Technological Research Center of Marine Monitoring Equipment 37 Miaoling Road Qingdao 266061 P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument Equipment Technology, National Engineering and Technological Research Center of Marine Monitoring Equipment 37 Miaoling Road Qingdao 266061 P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Hu
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument Equipment Technology, National Engineering and Technological Research Center of Marine Monitoring Equipment 37 Miaoling Road Qingdao 266061 P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument Equipment Technology, National Engineering and Technological Research Center of Marine Monitoring Equipment 37 Miaoling Road Qingdao 266061 P. R. China
| | - Fengchen Liu
- Shandong Technological Center of Oceanographic Instrumentation Co., Ltd 37 Miaoling Road Qingdao 266061 P. R. China
| | - Huiling Li
- Innovation and Development Institute of Shangdong Province Jinan 250101 P. R. China
| | - Zike Jiang
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument Equipment Technology, National Engineering and Technological Research Center of Marine Monitoring Equipment 37 Miaoling Road Qingdao 266061 P. R. China
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21
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Optical Properties of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Single-Crystals Doped with Terbium Oxide. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12081081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of yttria-stabilized zirconia single-crystals doped with 0.000–0.250 mol% Tb4O7 was prepared by the optical floating-zone method. As shown by XRD and Raman spectroscopy, all of the crystals had a cubic-phase structure. These were initially orange–yellow in color, which is indicative of the presence of Tb4+ ions, but they then became colorless after being annealed in a H2/Ar atmosphere as a result of the reduction of Tb4+ to Tb3+. The absorption spectra of the unannealed samples show both the 4f 8→4f 75d1 transition of Tb3+ ions and the Tb4+ charge-transfer band. In addition, the transmittance of the crystals was increased by annealing. Under irradiation with 300 nm of light, all of the single-crystal samples showed seven emission peaks in the visible region, corresponding to the decay from the 5D3,4 excited state of Tb3+ to the 7FJ (J = 6–0) states. The most intense emission was at 544 nm, which corresponds to the typical strong green emission from the 5D4→7F5 transition in Tb3+ ions.
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22
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Rice NT, Popov IA, Carlson RK, Greer SM, Boggiano AC, Stein BW, Bacsa J, Batista ER, Yang P, La Pierre HS. Spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization of a Pr 4+ imidophosphorane complex and the redox chemistry of Nd 3+ and Dy 3+ complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6696-6706. [PMID: 35412547 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00758d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The molecular tetravalent oxidation state for praseodymium is observed in solution via oxidation of the anionic trivalent precursor [K][Pr3+(NP(1,2-bis-tBu-diamidoethane)(NEt2))4] (1-Pr(NP*)) with AgI at -35 °C. The Pr4+ complex is characterized in solution via cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis-NIR electronic absorption spectroscopy, and EPR spectroscopy. Electrochemical analyses of [K][Ln3+(NP(1,2-bis-tBu-diamidoethane)(NEt2))4] (Ln = Nd and Dy) by cyclic voltammetry are reported and, in conjunction with theoretical modeling of electronic structure and oxidation potential, are indicative of principal ligand oxidations in contrast to the metal-centered oxidation observed for 1-Pr(NP*). The identification of a tetravalent praseodymium complex in in situ UV-vis and EPR experiments is further validated by theoretical modeling of the redox chemistry and the UV-vis spectrum. The latter study was performed by extended multistate pair-density functional theory (XMS-PDFT) and implicates a multiconfigurational ground state for the tetravalent praseodymium complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie T Rice
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.
| | - Ivan A Popov
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3601, USA
| | - Rebecca K Carlson
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
| | - Samuel M Greer
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Andrew C Boggiano
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.
| | - Benjamin W Stein
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - John Bacsa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.
| | - Enrique R Batista
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
| | - Ping Yang
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
| | - Henry S La Pierre
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA. .,Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Program, School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA
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23
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Isolation and crystal structure of the first Pr(IV) coordination polymer and the complex anti-proliferative activity evaluation against seven cancer cell lines. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Shafi Z, Gibson JK. Lanthanide Complexes Containing a Terminal Ln═O Oxo Bond: Revealing Higher Stability of Tetravalent Praseodymium versus Terbium. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7075-7087. [PMID: 35476904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on the reactivity of gas-phase lanthanide-oxide nitrate complexes, [Ln(O)(NO3)3]- (denoted LnO2+), produced via elimination of NO2• from trivalent [LnIII(NO3)4]- (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy). These complexes feature a LnIII-O• oxyl, a LnIV═O oxo, or an intermediate LnIII/IV oxyl/oxo bond, depending on the accessibility of the tetravalent LnIV state. Hydrogen atom abstraction reactivity of the LnO2+ complexes to form unambiguously trivalent [LnIII(OH)(NO3)3]- reveals the nature of the oxide bond. The result of slower reactivity of PrO2+ versus TbO2+ is considered to indicate higher stability of the tetravalent praseodymium-oxo, PrIV═O, versus TbIV═O. This is the first report of PrIV as more stable than TbIV, which is discussed with respect to ionization potentials, standard electrode potentials, atomic promotion energies, and oxo bond covalency via 4f- and/or 5d-orbital participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Shafi
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John K Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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25
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Wang Z, Lu JB, Dong X, Yan Q, Feng X, Hu HS, Wang S, Chen J, Li J, Xu C. Ultra-Efficient Americium/Lanthanide Separation through Oxidation State Control. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6383-6389. [PMID: 35353513 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide/actinide separation is a worldwide challenge for atomic energy and nuclear waste treatment. Separation of americium (Am), a critical actinide element in the nuclear fuel cycle, from lanthanides (Ln) is highly desirable for minimizing the long-term radiotoxicity of nuclear waste, yet it is extremely challenging given the chemical similarity between trivalent Am(III) and Ln(III). Selective oxidation of Am(III) to a higher oxidation state (OS) could facilitate this separation, but so far, it is far from satisfactory for practical application as a result of the unstable nature of Am in a high OS. Herein, we find a novel strategy to generate stable pentavalent Am (Am(V)) through coordination of Am(III) with a diglycolamide ligand and oxidation with Bi(V) species in the presence of an organic solvent. This strategy leads to efficient stabilization of Am(V) and an extraordinarily high separation factor (>104) of Am from Ln through one single contact in solvent extraction, thereby opening a new avenue to study the high-OS chemistry of Am and fulfill the crucial task of Ln/Am separation in the nuclear fuel cycle. The synergistic coordination and oxidation process is found to occur in the organic solvent, and the mechanism has been well elucidated by quantum-theoretical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun-Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaogui Feng
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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26
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Abstract
The number of rare earth (RE) starting materials used in synthesis is staggering, ranging from simple binary metal-halide salts to borohydrides and "designer reagents" such as alkyl and organoaluminate complexes. This review collates the most important starting materials used in RE synthetic chemistry, including essential information on their preparations and uses in modern synthetic methodologies. The review is divided by starting material category and supporting ligands (i.e., metals as synthetic precursors, halides, borohydrides, nitrogen donors, oxygen donors, triflates, and organometallic reagents), and in each section relevant synthetic methodologies and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ortu
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, U.K.
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27
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Willauer AR, Douair I, Chauvin AS, Fadaei-Tirani F, Bünzli JCG, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Structure, reactivity and luminescence studies of triphenylsiloxide complexes of tetravalent lanthanides. Chem Sci 2022; 13:681-691. [PMID: 35173932 PMCID: PMC8769062 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05517h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the 14 lanthanide elements (Ce–Lu), until recently, the tetravalent oxidation state was readily accessible in solution only for cerium while Pr(iv), Nd(iv), Dy(iv) and Tb(iv) had only been detected in the solid state. The triphenylsiloxide ligand recently allowed the isolation of molecular complexes of Tb(iv) and Pr(iv) providing an unique opportunity of investigating the luminescent properties of Ln(iv) ions. Here we have expanded the coordination studies of the triphenylsiloxide ligand with Ln(iii) and Ln(iv) ions and we report the first observed luminescence emission spectra of Pr(iv) complexes which are assigned to a ligand-based emission on the basis of the measured lifetime and computational studies. Binding of the ligand to the Pr(iv) ion leads to an unprecedented large shift of the ligand triplet state which is relevant for future applications in materials science. The first observed luminescence emission spectra of Pr(iv) complexes are assigned to a ligand-based emission. Binding of the triphenylsiloxide ligand to the Pr(iv) ion leads to an unprecedented large red shift of its triplet state.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien R Willauer
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Iskander Douair
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Anne-Sophie Chauvin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude G Bünzli
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen China
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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28
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Arman MO, Geboes B, Van Hecke K, Binnemans K, Cardinaels T. Electrochemical oxidation of terbium(III) in aqueous media: influence of supporting electrolyte on oxidation potential and stability. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-021-01651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Wedal JC, Evans WJ. A Rare-Earth Metal Retrospective to Stimulate All Fields. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18354-18367. [PMID: 34677044 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Formulating insightful questions and experiments is crucial to the advancement of science. The purpose of this Perspective is to encourage scientists in all areas of chemistry to ask more "What if?" questions: What if we tried this experiment? What if we used these conditions? What if that idea is not correct? To stimulate this thinking, a retrospective analysis of a specific field, in this case rare-earth metal chemistry, is presented that describes the "What if?" questions that could have and should have been asked earlier based on our current knowledge. The goal is to provide scientists with a historical perspective of discovery that exemplifies how previous views in chemistry were often narrowed by predominant beliefs in principles that were incorrect. The same situation is likely to exist today, but we do not realize the limitations! Hopefully, this analysis can be used as a springboard for posing important "What if?" questions that should be asked right now in every area of chemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Wedal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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30
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Abstract
Lanthanide (Ln) elements are generally found in the oxidation state +II or +III, and a few examples of +IV and +V compounds have also been reported. In contrast, monovalent Ln(+I) complexes remain scarce. Here we combine photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations to study Ln-doped octa-boron clusters (LnB8−, Ln = La, Pr, Tb, Tm, Yb) with the rare +I oxidation state. The global minimum of the LnB8− species changes from Cs to C7v symmetry accompanied by an oxidation-state change from +III to +I from the early to late lanthanides. All the C7v-LnB8− clusters can be viewed as a monovalent Ln(I) coordinated by a η8-B82− doubly aromatic ligand. The B73−, B82−, and B9− series of aromatic boron clusters are analogous to the classical aromatic hydrocarbon molecules, C5H5−, C6H6, and C7H7+, respectively, with similar trends of size and charge state and they are named collectively as “borozenes”. Lanthanides with variable oxidation states and magnetic properties may be formed with different borozenes. The most common oxidation state for lanthanides is +3. Here the authors use photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations to study half-sandwich complexes where a lanthanide center in the oxidation state +1 is bound to an aromatic wheel-like B82- ligand.
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31
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Mouchel Dit Leguerrier D, Barré R, Molloy J, Thomas F. Lanthanide complexes as redox and ROS/RNS probes: A new paradigm that makes use of redox-reactive and redox non-innocent ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Ershov BG, Shilov BP. Reactions of ozone and intermediate products of its decomposition with actinides, lanthanides and transition metals in aqueous solutions. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2021-1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The properties and stability of ozone in aqueous solutions of various compositions in the рН range of 0–14 were considered. The effect of anions and cations, which are involved in the redox reactions of actinides, on the stability of ozone and its reactivity has been studied. The reactions of О3 with ions of d- and f-elements were analyzed. Depending on the solution composition and рН value, the reaction can occur directly with the O3 molecule (direct mechanism) and/or with short-lived ion-radical products (•OH,
HO
2
•
/
O
2
−
•
${\text{HO}}_{2}^{{\bullet}}/{\text{O}}_{2}^{-{\bullet}}$
, H2O2/
HO
2
−
${\text{HO}}_{2}^{-}$
,
O
3
−
•
${\text{O}}_{3}^{-{\bullet}}$
) formed upon ozone decomposition in water (indirect mechanism). Ions with inert coordination sphere react with О3 in the outer-sphere fashion with electron transfer. Polyvalent ions with labile coordination spheres are oxidized in acidic medium via О atom transfer, possibly, with intermediate peroxy addition (H2O2, HNO4, H2SO5, etc.). In alkaline medium, О3 is converted to the
O
3
−
•
${\text{O}}_{3}^{-{\bullet}}$
radical ion, which is the key oxidant for actinides. The results of studies and the mechanisms of reactions of ozone and its intermediates decomposition products with U, Np, Pu, and Am in various oxidation states and with some transition metals (Fe, Mn, Ag, Co, etc.) in aqueous solutions are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris G. Ershov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Pr. 31 – 4, 119071 , Moscow , Russia
| | - Bladimir P. Shilov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Pr. 31 – 4, 119071 , Moscow , Russia
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33
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Aguirre Quintana LM, Yang Y, Ramanathan A, Jiang N, Bacsa J, Maron L, La Pierre HS. Chalcogen-atom abstraction reactions of a Di-iron imidophosphorane complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6664-6667. [PMID: 34128515 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02195h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of the complexes [Fe2(μ2-NP(pip)3)2(NP(pip)3)2] (1-Fe) and [Co2(μ2-NP(pip)3)2(NP(pip)3)2] (1-Co), where [NP(pip)3]1- is tris(piperidinyl)imidophosphorane, with nitrous oxide, S8, or Se0 results in divergent reactivity. With nitrous oxide, 1-Fe forms [Fe2(μ2-O)(μ2-NP(pip)3)2(NP(pip)3)2] (2-Fe), with a very short Fe3+-Fe3+ distance. Reactions of 1-Fe with S8 or Se0 result in the bridging, side-on coordination (μ-κ1:κ1-E22-) of the heavy chalcogens in complexes [Fe2(μ-κ1:κ1-E2)(μ2-NP(pip)3)2(NP(pip)3)2] (E = S, 3-Fe, or Se, 4-Fe). In all cases, the complex 1-Co is inert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Aguirre Quintana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.
| | - Yan Yang
- Laboratorie de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objects, Institute National Des Sciences Appliquees, Toulouse 31077, Cedex 4, France
| | - Arun Ramanathan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.
| | - Ningxin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.
| | - John Bacsa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratorie de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objects, Institute National Des Sciences Appliquees, Toulouse 31077, Cedex 4, France
| | - Henry S La Pierre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA. and Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA
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34
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Gompa TP, Greer SM, Rice NT, Jiang N, Telser J, Ozarowski A, Stein BW, La Pierre HS. High-Frequency and -Field Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Analysis of Metal-Ligand Covalency in a 4f 7 Valence Series (Eu 2+, Gd 3+, and Tb 4+). Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9064-9073. [PMID: 34106710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent isolation of molecular tetravalent lanthanide complexes has enabled renewed exploration of the effect of oxidation state on the single-ion properties of the lanthanide ions. Despite the isotropic nature of the 8S ground state in a tetravalent terbium complex, [Tb(NP(1,2-bis-tBu-diamidoethane)(NEt2))4], preliminary X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements on tetravalent terbium complexes show rich spectra with broad resonances. The complexity of these spectra highlights the limits of conventional X-band EPR for even qualitative determination of zero-field splitting (ZFS) in these complexes. Therefore, we report the synthesis and characterization of a novel valence series of 4f7 molecular complexes spanning three oxidation states (Eu2+, Gd3+, and Tb4+) featuring a weak-field imidophosphorane ligand system, and employ high-frequency and -field electron paramagnetic resonance (HFEPR) to obtain quantitative values for ZFS across this valence series. The series was designed to minimize deviation in the first coordination sphere from the pseudotetrahedral geometry in order to directly interrogate the role of metal identity and charge on the complexes' electronic structures. These HFEPR studies are supported by crystallographic analysis and quantum-chemical calculations to assess the relative covalent interactions in each member of this valence series and the effect of the oxidation state on the splitting of the ground state and first excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel M Greer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | | | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Physical and Health Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Benjamin W Stein
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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35
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Sergentu DC, Booth CH, Autschbach J. Probing Multiconfigurational States by Spectroscopy: The Cerium XAS L 3 -edge Puzzle. Chemistry 2021; 27:7239-7251. [PMID: 33566372 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Ce L3 edge XAS spectra of CeO2 and cerocene [Ce(C8 H8 )2 ] were calculated with relativistic ab-initio multireference wavefunction approaches capable of reproducing the observed spectra accurately. The study aims to resolve the decades-long puzzle regarding the relationship between the number and relative intensities of the XAS peaks and the 4f electron occupation in the ground state (GS) versus the core-excited states (ESs). CeO2 and cerocene exemplify the different roles of covalent bonding and wavefunction configurational composition in the observed intensity patterns. Good agreement is found between the calculated GS 4f-shell occupations and the value derived from XAS measurements using peak areas (nf ). The identity of the two-peaked Ce L3 edge is fully rationalized from the perspective of the relaxed wavefunctions for the GS and core ESs. The states underlying the different peaks differ from each other in a surprisingly simple way that can be associated with 4f1 vs. 4f0 sub-configurations. Furthermore, part of one of the cerocene spectral peaks is associated with 4f2 sub-configurations. The pattern therefore reveals excited states that can be interpreted in terms of Ce IV and III oxidation numbers, as long assumed, with Ce II states additionally appearing in the cerocene spectrum. While this work demonstrates the rough accuracy of the conventional approach to determining nf from Ce L3 -edge XAS, limitations are highlighted in terms of the ultimate accuracy of this approach and the potential of observing new types of excited states. The need to determine the sources of nf by calculations, is stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dumitru-Claudiu Sergentu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260-3000, USA
| | - Corwin H Booth
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260-3000, USA
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36
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Sharma AK, Yang JM, Pandey S, Wu HF. Introducing Tb 4+ in (Ce 0.09/Eu 0.96)Tb 0.92Mo 1.1O 6.93 Metal Oxide at Room Temperature and Its Use in Amyloid Defibrillation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:18184-18193. [PMID: 33826292 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tunable optical properties in nanomaterials enable a variety of applications in multidisciplinary areas. These properties are directly related to several different factors such as solvent conditions, synthesis methods, and most significantly, the oxidation states of metals participating in the absorption or emission properties. Lanthanide metals containing ABO3 perovskites are among such nanomaterials that can be tuned to a great extent by only modifying the charged states on the metals in the composition. We report a green synthesis method through sonication to synthesize ABO3 perovskites to incorporate Tb4+ into the perovskite composition at room temperature. The optical properties of the nanomaterial show emission in the entire ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectral regions through charge transfer between europium and terbium. The combination of cerium (C), molybdenum (M), europium (E), and terbium (T) results in a sheet-like CMET perovskite obeying hexagonal geometry. The nanomaterial is highly stable in an aqueous medium, showing finely suspended Tyndall effect due to particle size <300 nm. Owing to their wide range of emission behavior, surface charge, and aqueous stability, CMET perovskites were used to study the defibrillation of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) as an amyloid model protein. The intrinsic property of the nanomaterial assists in the interaction of the fibrils with the perovskite and the emission range becomes the reporter of the defibrillation. Infrared spectroscopy shows the change in the material properties during the defibrillation. A preliminary test on the varying concentration of HEWL incubated with CMET perovskites shows linear behavior with R2 = 0.9841. The tunable emission characteristic and aqueous stability of the perovskite material make it suitable for future biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Ming Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Sunil Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology & International PhD Program for Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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37
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Tricoire M, Mahieu N, Simler T, Nocton G. Intermediate Valence States in Lanthanide Compounds. Chemistry 2021; 27:6860-6879. [PMID: 33340383 PMCID: PMC7610675 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over more than 50 years, intermediate valence states in lanthanide compounds have often resulted in unexpected or puzzling spectroscopic and magnetic properties. Such experimental singularities could not be rationalised until new theoretical models involving multiconfigurational electronic ground states were established. In this minireview, the different singularities that have been observed among lanthanide complexes are highlighted, the models used to rationalise them are detailed and how such electronic effects may be adjusted depending on energy and symmetry considerations is considered. Understanding and tuning the ground-state multiconfigurational behaviour in lanthanide complexes may open new doors to modular and unusual reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Tricoire
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, cedex, France
| | - Nolwenn Mahieu
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, cedex, France
| | - Thomas Simler
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, cedex, France
| | - Grégory Nocton
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, cedex, France
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38
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Gao Y, Chen N, Tian Y, Zhang J, Jia D. Polymeric Iodoargentate Hybrids Incorporating Octakis- or Heptakis-Solvated Lanthanide Complexes: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Photocatalysis. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3761-3772. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Niannian Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiming Tian
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingxian Jia
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
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39
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Hay MA, Boskovic C. Lanthanoid Complexes as Molecular Materials: The Redox Approach. Chemistry 2021; 27:3608-3637. [PMID: 32965741 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development of molecular materials with novel functionality offers promise for technological innovation. Switchable molecules that incorporate redox-active components are enticing candidate compounds due to their potential for electronic manipulation. Lanthanoid metals are most prevalent in their trivalent state and usually redox-activity in lanthanoid complexes is restricted to the ligand. The unique electronic and physical properties of lanthanoid ions have been exploited for various applications, including in magnetic and luminescent materials as well as in catalysis. Lanthanoid complexes are also promising for applications reliant on switchability, where the physical properties can be modulated by varying the oxidation state of a coordinated ligand. Lanthanoid-based redox activity is also possible, encompassing both divalent and tetravalent metal oxidation states. Thus, utilization of redox-active lanthanoid metals offers an attractive opportunity to further expand the capabilities of molecular materials. This review surveys both ligand and lanthanoid centered redox-activity in pre-existing molecular systems, including tuning of lanthanoid magnetic and photophysical properties by modulating the redox states of coordinated ligands. Ultimately the combination of redox-activity at both ligands and metal centers in the same molecule can afford novel electronic structures and physical properties, including multiconfigurational electronic states and valence tautomerism. Further targeted exploration of these features is clearly warranted, both to enhance understanding of the underlying fundamental chemistry, and for the generation of a potentially important new class of molecular material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moya A Hay
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Colette Boskovic
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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40
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Ramanathan A, Leisen JE, La Pierre HS. In-Plane Cation Ordering and Sodium Displacements in Layered Honeycomb Oxides with Tetravalent Lanthanides: Na 2LnO 3 (Ln = Ce, Pr, and Tb). Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1398-1410. [PMID: 33449617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The detailed structural characterization of "213" honeycomb systems is a key concern in a wide range of fundamental areas, such as frustrated magnetism, and technical applications, such as cathode materials, catalysts, and thermoelectric materials. Na2LnO3 (Ln = Ce, Pr, and Tb) are an intriguing series of "213" honeycomb systems because they host tetravalent lanthanides. "213" honeycomb materials have been reported to adopt either a cation-disordered R3̅m subcell, a cation-ordered trigonal (P3112), or monoclinic (C2/c or C2/m) supercell. On the basis of analysis of the average (synchrotron diffraction) and local [pair distribution function (PDF) and solid-state NMR] structure probes, cation ordering in the honeycomb layer of Na2LnO3 materials has been confirmed. Through rationalization of the 23Na chemical shifts and quadrupolar coupling constants, the local environment of Na atoms was probed with no observed evidence of cation disorder. Through these studies, it is shown that the Na2LnO3 materials adopt a C2/c supercell derived from symmetry-breaking displacements of intralayered Na atoms from the ideal crystallographic position (in C2/m). The Na displacement is validated using distortion index parameters from diffraction data and atomic displacement parameters from PDF data. The C2/c supercell is faulted, as evidenced by the increased breadth of the superstructure diffraction peaks. DIFFaX simulations and structural considerations with a two-phase approach were employed to derive a suitable faulting model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Ramanathan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Johannes E Leisen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Henry S La Pierre
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States.,Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Program, School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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41
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Morales-Guevara R, Fuentes JA, Paez-Hernández D, Carreño A. The role of substituted pyridine Schiff bases as ancillary ligands in the optical properties of a new series of fac-rhenium( i) tricarbonyl complexes: a theoretical view. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37181-37193. [PMID: 35496390 PMCID: PMC9043815 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05737e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, luminescent Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes have been increasingly proposed as fluorophores suitable for fluorescence microscopy to visualize biological structures and cells. In this sense, incorporating an asymmetrical pyridine Schiff base (PSB) as the ancillary ligand strongly modifies the staining and luminescent properties of Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes. In this work, we analyzed two series of Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes with their respective PSB ligands: (1) fac-[Re(CO)3(2,2′-bpy)(PSB)]1+ and (2) fac-[Re(CO)3(4,4′-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,2′-bpy)(PSB)]1+, where the PSB exhibits substitutions at positions 4 or 6 in the phenolic ring with methyl or halogen substituents. Thus, we performed computational relativistic DFT and TDDFT studies to determine their optical properties. The ten complexes analyzed showed absorption in the visible light range. Furthermore, our analyses, including zero-field splitting (ZFS), allowed us to determine that the low-lying excited state locates below the 3LLCT states. Interestingly, seven of the ten analyzed complexes, whose corresponding PSB harbors an intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB), exhibited luminescent emission that could be suitable for biological purposes: large Stokes shift, emission in the range 600–700 nm and τ in the order of 10−2 to 10−3 s. Conversely, the three complexes lacking the IHB due to two halogen substituents in the corresponding PSB showed a predicted emission with the lowest triplet excited state energy entering the NIR region. The main differences in the complexes' photophysical behavior have been explained by the energy gap law and time-resolved luminescence. These results emphasize the importance of choosing suitable substituents at the 4 and 6 positions in the phenolic ring of the PSB, which determine the presence of the IHB since they modulate the luminescence properties of the Re(i) core. Therefore, this study could predict Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes' properties, considering the desired emission features for biological and other applications. Over the last few years, luminescent Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes have been increasingly proposed as fluorophores suitable for fluorescence microscopy to visualize biological structures and cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaly Morales-Guevara
- Universidad Andres Bello, Programa de Doctorado en Físicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Organometallic Synthesis, Center of Applied NanoSciences (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 330, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A. Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 330, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dayán Paez-Hernández
- Universidad Andres Bello, Programa de Doctorado en Físicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Organometallic Synthesis, Center of Applied NanoSciences (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 330, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexander Carreño
- Universidad Andres Bello, Programa de Doctorado en Físicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Organometallic Synthesis, Center of Applied NanoSciences (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 330, Santiago, Chile
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42
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Yang Q, Qiao Y, McSkimming A, Moreau LM, Cheisson T, Booth CH, Lapsheva E, Carroll PJ, Schelter EJ. A hydrolytically stable Ce( iv) complex of glutarimide-dioxime. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00969e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutarimide-dioxime, a proligand known for its strongly electron-donating properties that has been studied for applications in uranium-sequestration from seawater, is considered here for stabilization of the cerium(iv) cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaomu Yang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Yusen Qiao
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Alex McSkimming
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Liane M. Moreau
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawerence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Thibault Cheisson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Corwin H. Booth
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawerence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Ekaterina Lapsheva
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Eric J. Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
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43
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Aguirre Quintana LM, Jiang N, Bacsa J, La Pierre HS. Homoleptic cerium tris(dialkylamido)imidophosphorane guanidinate complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14908-14913. [PMID: 33078808 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03472j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a new potassium tris(piperdino)imidophosphorane N,N'-dicyclohexylguanidinate, K[CyGNP(pip)3], and describe the synthesis and characterization of the tris-homoleptic compounds, [Ce(CyGNP(pip)3)3], 1-Ce, and [Ce(CyGNP(pip)3)3][BPh4], 2-Ce. The latter is an unusual cationic tetravalent cerium complex. Cyclic voltammetry studies of 1-Ce and 2-Ce revealed Epc potentials of -1.56 V and -1.81 V, and Epa potentials of -0.78 V and -0.66 V (200 mV s-1; THF, vs. Fc0/+), respectively. Compounds 1-Ce and 2-Ce were studied by L3-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), and the fit of the spectrum of 2-Ce revealed a white-line multiplet with an nf value of 0.50(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Aguirre Quintana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.
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Kloditz R, Fichter S, Kaufmann S, Brunner TS, Kaden P, Patzschke M, Stumpf T, Roesky PW, Schmidt M, März J. Series of Tetravalent Actinide Amidinates: Structure Determination and Bonding Analysis. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15670-15680. [PMID: 33030346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two series of isostructural tetravalent actinide amidinates [AnX((S)-PEBA)3] (An = Th, U, Np; X = Cl, N3) bearing the chiral (S,S)-N,N'-bis(1-phenylethyl)benzamidinate ((S)-PEBA) ligand have been synthesized and thoroughly characterized in solid and in solution. This study expands the already reported tetravalent neptunium complexes to the lighter actinides thorium and uranium. Furthermore, a rare Ce(IV) amidinate [CeCl((S)-PEBA)3] was synthesized to compare its properties to those of the analogous tetravalent actinide complexes. All compounds were characterized in the solid state using single-crystal XRD and infrared spectroscopy and in solution using NMR spectroscopy. Quantum chemical bonding analysis including also the isostructural Pa and Pu complexes was used to characterize the covalent contributions to any bond involving the metal cation. Th shows the least covalent character throughout the series, even substantially smaller than for the Ce complex. For U, Np, and Pu, similar covalent bonding contributions are found, but a natural population analysis reveals different origins. The 6d participation is the highest for U and decreases afterward, whereas the 5f participation increases continuously from Pa to Pu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Kloditz
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fichter
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kaufmann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tobias S Brunner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Kaden
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Patzschke
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stumpf
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Moritz Schmidt
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane März
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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