1
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Kushwaha R, Upadhyay A, Saha S, Yadav AK, Bera A, Dutta A, Banerjee S. Cancer phototherapy by CO releasing terpyridine-based Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes via ROS generation and NADH oxidation. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39078263 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01309c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Here, we have synthesized and characterized three visible light responsive terpyridine based-Re(I)-tricarbonyl complexes; [Re(CO)3(ph-tpy)Cl] (Retp1), [Re(CO)3(an-tpy)Cl] (Retp2), and [Re(CO)3(py-tpy)Cl] (Retp3) where ph-tpy = 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine; an-tpy = 4'-anthracenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine, py-tpy = 4'-pyrenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine. The structures of Retp1 and Retp2 were confirmed from the SC-XRD data, indicating distorted octahedral structures. Unlike traditional PDT agents, these complexes generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) via type I and type II pathways and oxidized redox crucial NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) upon visible light exposure. Retp3 showed significant mitochondrial localization and demonstrated photoactivated anticancer activity (IC50 ∼ 2 µM) by inducing ROS-mediated cell death in cancer cells selectively (photocytotoxicity Index, PI > 28) upon compromising mitochondrial function in A549 cells. Their diagnostic capabilities were ultimately assessed using clinically relevant 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
| | - Aarti Upadhyay
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Sukanta Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
| | - Arpan Bera
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Arnab Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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2
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Kushwaha R, Upadhyay A, Peters S, Yadav AK, Mishra A, Bera A, Sadhukhan T, Banerjee S. Visible and Red Light-Triggered Anticancer Profile of a Ferrocene-Re(I)-Tricarbonyl Conjugate: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:12226-12238. [PMID: 38814099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
We have red-shifted the light absorbance property of a Re(I)-tricarbonyl complex via distant conjugation of a ferrocene moiety and developed a novel complex ReFctp, [Re(Fctp)(CO)3Cl], where Fctp = 4'-ferrocenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine. ReFctp showed green to red light absorption ability and blue emission, indicating its potential for photodynamic therapy (PDT) application. The conjugation of ferrocene introduced ferrocene-based transitions, which lie at a higher wavelength within the PDT therapeutic window. The time-dependent density functional theory and excited state calculations revealed an efficient intersystem crossing for ReFctp, which is helpful for PDT. ReFctp elicited both PDT type I and type II pathways for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and facilitated NADH (1,4-dihydro-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) oxidation upon exposure to visible light. Importantly, ReFctp showed effective penetration through the layers of clinically relevant 3D multicellular tumor spheroids and localized primarily in mitochondria (Pearson's correlation coefficient, PCC = 0.65) of A549 cancer cells. ReFctp produced more than 20 times higher phototoxicity (IC50 ∼1.5 μM) by inducing ROS generation and altering mitochondrial membrane potential in A549 cancer cells than the nonferrocene analogue Retp, [Re(CO)3(tp)Cl], where tp = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine. ReFctp induced apoptotic mode of cell death with a notable photocytotoxicity index (PI, PI = IC50dark/IC50light) and selectivity index (SI, SI = normal cell's IC50dark/cancer cell's IC50light) in the range of 25-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Aarti Upadhyay
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Silda Peters
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Arya Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Arpan Bera
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Tumpa Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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3
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Kushwaha R, Singh V, Peters S, Yadav AK, Sadhukhan T, Koch B, Banerjee S. Comparative Study of Sonodynamic and Photoactivated Cancer Therapies with Re(I)-Tricarbonyl Complexes Comprising Phenanthroline Ligands. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6537-6548. [PMID: 38603561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we have compared the effectivity of light-based photoactivated cancer therapy and ultrasound-based sonodynamic therapy with Re(I)-tricarbonyl complexes (Re1-Re3) against cancer cells. The observed photophysical and TD-DFT calculations indicated the potential of Re1-Re3 to act as good anticancer agents under visible light/ultrasound exposure. Re1 did not display any dark- or light- or ultrasound-triggered anticancer activity. However, Re2 and Re3 displayed concentration-dependent anticancer activity upon light and ultrasound exposure. Interestingly, Re3 produced 1O2 and OH• on light/ultrasound exposure. Moreover, Re3 induced NADH photo-oxidation in PBS and produced H2O2. To the best of our knowledge, NADH photo-oxidation has been achieved here with the Re(I) complex for the first time in PBS. Additionally, Re3 released CO upon light/ultrasound exposure. The cell death mechanism revealed that Re3 produced an apoptotic cell death response in HeLa cells via ROS generation. Interestingly, Re3 showed slightly better anticancer activity under light exposure compared to ultrasound exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Virendra Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Silda Peters
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Tumpa Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Biplob Koch
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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4
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Montesdeoca N, Borkar RL, Sathiyendiran M, Karges J. Dinuclear Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes as Anticancer Drug Candidates. Chemistry 2024:e202400217. [PMID: 38574234 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. Chemotherapy remains one of the most dominant forms for anticancer treatment. Despite their clinical success, the used chemotherapeutic agents are associated with severe side effect and pharmacological limitations. To overcome these drawbacks there is a need for the development of new types of chemotherapeutic agents. Herein, the chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of dinuclear rhenium(I) complexes as potential chemotherapeutic drug candidates are proposed. The metal complexes were found to be internalized by an energy dependent endocytosis pathway, primary accumulating in the mitochondria. The rhenium(I) complexes demonstrated to induce cell death against a variety of cancer cells in the micromolar range through apoptosis. The lead compound showed to eradicate a pancreatic carcinoma multicellular tumor spheroid at micromolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Montesdeoca
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Reema L Borkar
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | | | - Johannes Karges
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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5
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Thilak
Babu L, Paira P. CuAAC "Click"-Derived Luminescent 2-(2-(4-(4-(Pyridin-2-yl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)butoxy)phenyl)benzo[ d]thiazole-Based Ru(II)/Ir(III)/Re(I) Complexes as Anticancer Agents. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32382-32395. [PMID: 37720792 PMCID: PMC10500652 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the cytoselective behavior of the complexes, we intended to develop a CuAAC "click"-derived synthetic protocol for the preparation of 2-(2-(4-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)butoxy)phenyl)benzo[d]thiazole-based Ru(II)/Ir(III)/Re(I) complexes, and their cytotoxicity against three different cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HeLa, and U87MG) in consort with one normal cell line (HEK-293) was evaluated. In our detailed investigations, the significant cytotoxic nature of the Ru(II) complex 7a compared to Ir(III) and Re(I) complexes (7b and 7c, respectively) was observed. Complex 7a was capable of MCF-7 cell apoptosis via the inhibition of both S- and G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest in association with a substantial quantity of ROS production and DNA intercalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Thilak
Babu
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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6
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Enslin LE, Purkait K, Pozza MD, Saubamea B, Mesdom P, Visser HG, Gasser G, Schutte-Smith M. Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes of 1,10-Phenanthroline Derivatives with Unexpectedly High Cytotoxicity. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:12237-12251. [PMID: 37489813 PMCID: PMC10410611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Eight rhenium(I) tricarbonyl aqua complexes with the general formula fac-[Re(CO)3(N,N'-bid)(H2O)][NO3] (1-8), where N,N'-bid is (2,6-dimethoxypyridyl)imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (L1), (indole)imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (L2), (5-methoxyindole)-imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (L3), (biphenyl)imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (L4), (fluorene)imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (L5), (benzo[b]thiophene)imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (L6), (5-bromothiazole)imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (L7), and (4,5-dimethylthiophene)imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (L8), were synthesized and characterized using 1H and 13C{1H} NMR, FT-IR, UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, and ESI-mass spectrometry, and their purity was confirmed by elemental analysis. The stability of the complexes in aqueous buffer solution (pH 7.4) was confirmed by UV/Vis spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of the complexes (1-8) was then evaluated on prostate cancer cells (PC3), showing a low nanomolar to low micromolar in vitro cytotoxicity. Worthy of note, three of the Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes showed very low (IC50 = 30-50 nM) cytotoxic activity against PC3 cells and up to 26-fold selectivity over normal human retinal pigment epithelial-1 (RPE-1) cells. The cytotoxicity of both complexes 3 and 6 was lowered under hypoxic conditions in PC3 cells. However, the compounds were still 10 times more active than cisplatin in these conditions. Additional biological experiments were then performed on the most selective complexes (complexes 3 and 6). Cell fractioning experiments followed by ICP-MS studies revealed that 3 and 6 accumulate mostly in the mitochondria and nucleus, respectively. Despite the respective mitochondrial and nuclear localization of 3 and 6, 3 did not trigger the apoptosis pathways for cell killing, whereas 6 can trigger apoptosis but not as a major pathway. Complex 3 induced a paraptosis pathway for cell killing while 6 did not induce any of our other tested pathways, namely, necrosis, paraptosis, and autophagy. Both complexes 3 and 6 were found to be involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and downregulated the ATP production of PC3 cells. To the best of our knowledge, this report presents some of the most cytotoxic Re(I) carbonyl complexes with exceptionally low nanomolar cytotoxic activity toward prostate cancer cells, demonstrating further the future viability of utilizing rhenium in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy E. Enslin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Kallol Purkait
- Chimie
ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for
Inorganic Chemistry, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Maria Dalla Pozza
- Chimie
ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for
Inorganic Chemistry, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Saubamea
- Plateforme
Imagerie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, F-75270 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mesdom
- Chimie
ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for
Inorganic Chemistry, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Hendrik G. Visser
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie
ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for
Inorganic Chemistry, F-75005 Paris, France
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7
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Roy N, Shanavas S, Kar B, Thilak Babu L, Das U, Vardhan S, Sahoo SK, Bose B, Rajagopalan V, Paira P. G2/M-Phase-Inhibitory Mitochondrial-Depolarizing Re(I)/Ru(II)/Ir(III)-2,2'-Bipyrimidine-Based Heterobimetallic Luminescent Complexes: An Assessment of In Vitro Antiproliferative Activity and Bioimaging for Targeted Therapy toward Human TNBC Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:12283-12297. [PMID: 37033791 PMCID: PMC10077533 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an extremely vicious subtype of human breast cancer having the worst prognosis along with strong invasive and metastatic competency. Hence, it can easily invade into blood vessels, and presently, no targeted therapeutic approach is available to annihilate this type of cancer. Metal complexes have successfully stepped into the anticancer research and are now being applauded due to their anticancer potency after the discovery of cisplatin. Many of these metal complexes are also well recognized for their activity toward breast cancer. As the TNBC is a very dangerous subtype and has long been a challenging ailment to treat, we have intended to develop a few brand new mixed metallic Ru(II)/Ir(III)/Re(I)-2,2'-bipyrimidine complexes [L'Re2], [L'RuRe], and [L'IrRe] to abate the unbridled proliferation of TNBC cells. The potency of the complexes against TNBC cells has been justified using MDA-MB-468 TNBC cell lines where complex [L'IrRe] has displayed significant potency among all the three complexes with an IC50 value of 24.12 μM. The complex [L'IrRe] has been competent to cause apoptosis of TNBC cells through inhibition of the G2/M phase in the cell cycle in association with a profuse amount of ROS generation and mitochondrial depolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilmadhab Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shanooja Shanavas
- Department
Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya
Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Binoy Kar
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Lavanya Thilak Babu
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Utpal Das
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Seshu Vardhan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, S.V. National Institute
of Technology (SVNIT), Ichchanath, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India
| | - Suban K. Sahoo
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, S.V. National Institute
of Technology (SVNIT), Ichchanath, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India
| | - Bipasha Bose
- Department
Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya
Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijayaraghavan Rajagopalan
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
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8
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Qi Q, Wang Q, Li Y, Silva DZ, Ruiz MEL, Ouyang R, Liu B, Miao Y. Recent Development of Rhenium-Based Materials in the Application of Diagnosis and Tumor Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062733. [PMID: 36985704 PMCID: PMC10051626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhenium (Re) is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Re has more valence electrons in its outer shell, allowing it to exist in a variety of oxidation states and to form different geometric configurations with many different ligands. The luminescence properties, lipophilicity, and cytotoxicity of complexes can be adjusted by changing the ligand of Re. This article mainly reviews the development of radionuclide 188Re in radiotherapy and some innovative applications of Re as well as the different therapeutic approaches and imaging techniques used in cancer therapy. In addition, the current application and future challenges and opportunities of Re are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Qi
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.Q.); (Q.W.); (R.O.)
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.Q.); (Q.W.); (R.O.)
| | - Yuhao Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.Q.); (Q.W.); (R.O.)
- USST-UH International Joint Laboratory for Tumor Diagnosis and Energy Treatment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (M.E.L.R.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (D.Z.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Dionisio Zaldivar Silva
- USST-UH International Joint Laboratory for Tumor Diagnosis and Energy Treatment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (M.E.L.R.); (B.L.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Havana 10400, Cuba
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (D.Z.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Maria Eliana Lanio Ruiz
- USST-UH International Joint Laboratory for Tumor Diagnosis and Energy Treatment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (M.E.L.R.); (B.L.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | - Ruizhuo Ouyang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.Q.); (Q.W.); (R.O.)
- USST-UH International Joint Laboratory for Tumor Diagnosis and Energy Treatment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (M.E.L.R.); (B.L.)
| | - Baolin Liu
- USST-UH International Joint Laboratory for Tumor Diagnosis and Energy Treatment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (M.E.L.R.); (B.L.)
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.Q.); (Q.W.); (R.O.)
- USST-UH International Joint Laboratory for Tumor Diagnosis and Energy Treatment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (M.E.L.R.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (D.Z.S.); (Y.M.)
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9
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Kazimir A, Schwarze B, Lönnecke P, Jelača S, Mijatović S, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Hey-Hawkins E. Metallodrugs against Breast Cancer: Combining the Tamoxifen Vector with Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020682. [PMID: 36840003 PMCID: PMC9959148 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The luminal A-subtype of breast cancer, where the oestrogen receptor α (ERα) is overexpressed, is the most frequent one. The prodrug tamoxifen (1) is the clinically used agent, inhibiting the ERα activity via the formation of several active metabolites, such as 4-hydroxytamoxifen (2) or 4,4'-dihydroxytamoxifen (3). In this study, we present the tamoxifen derivative 4-[1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)but-1-en-2-yl]-2,2'-bipyridine (4), which was combined with platinum or palladium dichloride, the former a well-known scaffold in anticancer treatment, to give [PtCl2(4-κ2N,N')] (5) or [PdCl2(4-κ2N,N'] (6). To prevent fast exchange of weakly coordinating chlorido ligands in aqueous solution, a bulky, highly stable and hydrophobic nido-carborate(-2) ([C2B9H11]2-) was incorporated. The resulting complexes [3-(4-κ2N,N')-3,1,2-PtC2B9H11] (7) and [3-(4-κ2N,N')-3,1,2-PdC2B9H11] (8) exhibit a dramatic change in electronic and biological properties compared to 5 and 6. Thus, 8 is highly selective for triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 = 3.7 μM, MTT test), while 7 is completely inactive against this cell line. The observed cytotoxicity of compounds 4-6 and 8 against this triple-negative cell line suggests off-target mechanisms rather than only ERα inhibition, for which these compounds were originally designed. Spectroscopic properties and electronic structures of the metal complexes were investigated for possible explanations of the biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Kazimir
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schwarze
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sanja Jelača
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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10
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Recent advances on organelle specific Ru(II)/Ir(III)/Re(I) based complexes for photodynamic therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Polypyridyl coordinated rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes as model devices for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Neuditschko B, King AP, Huang Z, Janker L, Bileck A, Borutzki Y, Marker SC, Gerner C, Wilson JJ, Meier‐Menches SM. An Anticancer Rhenium Tricarbonyl Targets Fe-S Cluster Biogenesis in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209136. [PMID: 36004624 PMCID: PMC9827826 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Target identification remains a critical challenge in inorganic drug discovery to deconvolute potential polypharmacology. Herein, we describe an improved approach to prioritize candidate protein targets based on a combination of dose-dependent chemoproteomics and treatment effects in living cancer cells for the rhenium tricarbonyl compound TRIP. Chemoproteomics revealed 89 distinct dose-dependent targets with concentrations of competitive saturation between 0.1 and 32 μM despite the broad proteotoxic effects of TRIP. Target-response networks revealed two highly probable targets of which the Fe-S cluster biogenesis factor NUBP2 was competitively saturated by free TRIP at nanomolar concentrations. Importantly, TRIP treatment led to a down-regulation of Fe-S cluster containing proteins and upregulated ferritin. Fe-S cluster depletion was further verified by assessing mitochondrial bioenergetics. Consequently, TRIP emerges as a first-in-class modulator of the scaffold protein NUBP2, which disturbs Fe-S cluster biogenesis at sub-cytotoxic concentrations in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Neuditschko
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria,Institute of Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria,Present address: Institute Krems BioanalyticsIMC University of Applied Sciences Krems3500KremsAustria
| | - A. Paden King
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA,Present address: Chemical Biology LaboratoryCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMD 21702USA
| | - Zhouyang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA
| | - Lukas Janker
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria,Joint Metabolome FacilityUniversity of Vienna and Medical University Vienna1090ViennaAustria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria,Joint Metabolome FacilityUniversity of Vienna and Medical University Vienna1090ViennaAustria
| | - Yasmin Borutzki
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria,Institute of Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
| | - Sierra C. Marker
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA,Present address: Chemical Biology LaboratoryCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMD 21702USA
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria,Joint Metabolome FacilityUniversity of Vienna and Medical University Vienna1090ViennaAustria
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA
| | - Samuel M. Meier‐Menches
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria,Institute of Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria,Joint Metabolome FacilityUniversity of Vienna and Medical University Vienna1090ViennaAustria
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13
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Maroń AM, Palion-Gazda J, Szłapa-Kula A, Schab-Balcerzak E, Siwy M, Sulowska K, Maćkowski S, Machura B. Controlling of Photophysical Behavior of Rhenium(I) Complexes with 2,6-Di(thiazol-2-yl)pyridine-Based Ligands by Pendant π-Conjugated Aryl Groups. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911019. [PMID: 36232327 PMCID: PMC9569785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure–property correlations and control of electronic excited states in transition metal complexes (TMCs) are of high significance for TMC-based functional material development. Within these studies, a series of Re(I) carbonyl complexes with aryl-substituted 2,6-di(thiazol-2-yl)pyridines (Arn-dtpy) was synthesized, and their ground- and excited-state properties were investigated. A number of condensed aromatic rings, which function as the linking mode of the aryl substituent, play a fundamental role in controlling photophysics of the resulting [ReCl(CO)3(Arn-dtpy-κ2N)]. Photoexcitation of [ReCl(CO)3(Arn-dtpy-κ2N)] with 1-naphthyl-, 2-naphthyl-, 9-phenanthrenyl leads to the population of 3MLCT. The lowest triplet state of Re(I) chromophores bearing 9-anthryl, 2-anthryl, 1-pyrenyl groups is ligand localized. The rhenium(I) complex with appended 1-pyrenyl group features long-lived room temperature emission attributed to the equilibrium between 3MLCT and 3IL/3ILCT. The excited-state dynamics in complexes [ReCl(CO)3(9-anthryl-dtpy-κ2N)] and [ReCl(CO)3(2-anthryl-dtpy-κ2N)] is strongly dependent on the electronic coupling between anthracene and {ReCl(CO)3(dtpy-κ2N)}. Less steric hindrance between the chromophores in [ReCl(CO)3(2-anthryl-dtpy-κ2N)] is responsible for the faster formation of 3IL/3ILCT and larger contribution of 3ILCTanthracene→dtpy in relation to the isomeric complex [ReCl(CO)3(9-anthryl-dtpy-κ2N)]. In agreement with stronger electronic communication between the aryl and Re(I) coordination centre, [ReCl(CO)3(2-anthryl-dtpy-κ2N)] displays room-temperature emission contributed to by 3MLCT and 3ILanthracene/3ILCTanthracene→dtpy phosphorescence. The latter presents rarely observed phenomena in luminescent metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Maroń
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); (B.M.); Tel.: +48-3-2359-1627 (A.M.M. & B.M.)
| | - Joanna Palion-Gazda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Szłapa-Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowska 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowska 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Karolina Sulowska
- Nanophotonics Group, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Nanophotonics Group, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); (B.M.); Tel.: +48-3-2359-1627 (A.M.M. & B.M.)
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14
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Małecka M, Szlapa-Kula A, Maroń AM, Ledwon P, Siwy M, Schab-Balcerzak E, Sulowska K, Maćkowski S, Erfurt K, Machura B. Impact of the Anthryl Linking Mode on the Photophysics and Excited-State Dynamics of Re(I) Complexes [ReCl(CO) 3(4′-An-terpy-κ 2N)]. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15070-15084. [PMID: 36101987 PMCID: PMC9516691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Rhenium(I) complexes with 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridines
(terpy) substituted with 9-anthryl (1) and 2-anthryl
(2) were synthesized, and the impact of the anthryl linking
mode on the ground- and excited-state properties of resulting complexes
[ReCl(CO)3(4′-An-terpy-κ2N)] (An—anthryl)
was investigated using a combination of steady-state and time-resolved
optical techniques accompanied by theoretical calculations. Different
attachment positions of anthracene modify the overlap between the
molecular orbitals and thus the electronic coupling of the anthracene
and {ReCl(CO)3(terpy-κ2N)} chromophores.
Following the femtosecond transient absorption, the lowest triplet
excited state of both complexes was found to be localized on the anthracene
chromophore. The striking difference between 1 and 2 concerns the triplet-state formation dynamics. A more planar
geometry of 2-anthryl-terpy (2), and thus better electronic
communication between the anthracene and {ReCl(CO)3(terpy-κ2N)} chromophores, facilitates the formation of the 3An triplet state. In steady-state photoluminescence spectra, the
population ratio of 3MLCT and 3An was found
to be dependent not only on the anthryl linking mode but also on solvent
polarity and excitation wavelengths. In dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO),
compounds 1 and 2 excited with λexc > 410 nm show both 3MLCT and 3An
emissions, which are rarely observed. Additionally, the abilities
of the designed complexes for 1O2 generation
and light emission under the external voltage were preliminary examined. The impact of the anthryl linking mode
on the ground- and
excited-state properties of [ReCl(CO)3(4′-An-terpy-κ2N)] with 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridines (terpy)
substituted with 9-anthryl (1) and 2-anthryl (2) was thoroughly investigated. Different attachment positions of
anthracene were evidenced to modify the overlap between the molecular
orbitals and electronic coupling of the anthracene and {ReCl(CO)3(terpy-κ2N)} chromophores and thus the optical
properties of the resulting complexes. The striking difference between 1 and 2 was demonstrated in the triplet-state
formation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Małecka
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Szlapa-Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna M. Maroń
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Ledwon
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Karolina Sulowska
- Nanophotonics Group, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Nanophotonics Group, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Karol Erfurt
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
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15
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Ma X, Lu J, Yang P, Zhang Z, Huang B, Li R, Ye R. 8-Hydroxyquinoline-modified ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes for JMJD inhibition and photodynamic antitumor therapy. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13902-13909. [PMID: 36040403 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01765b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As an ideal scaffold for metal ion chelation, 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) can chelate different metal ions, such as Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, etc. Here, by integrating 8HQ with a ruthenium(II) polypyridyl moiety, two Ru(II)-8HQ complexes (Ru1 and Ru2), [Ru(N-N)2L](PF6)2 (L = 2-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)quinolin-8-ol; N-N: 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy, in Ru1), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, in Ru2)) were designed and synthesized. In both complexes, ligand L is an 8HQ derivative designed to chelate the cofactor Fe2+ of jumonji C domain-containing demethylase (JMJD). As expected, Ru1 and Ru2 could inhibit the activity of JMJD by chelating the key cofactor Fe2+ of JMJD, resulting in the upregulation of histone-methylation levels in human lung cancer (A549) cells, and the upregulation was more pronounced under light conditions. In addition, MTT data showed that Ru1 and Ru2 exhibited lower dark toxicity, and light irradiation could significantly enhance their antitumor activity. The marked photodynamic activities of Ru1 and Ru2 could induce the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and activation of caspases. These mechanistic studies indicated that Ru1 and Ru2 could induce apoptosis through the combination of JMJD inhibitory and PDT activities, thereby achieving dual antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Junjian Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Peixin Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Rongtao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Ruirong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
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16
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Neuditschko B, King AP, Huang Z, Janker L, Bileck A, Borutzki Y, Marker SC, Gerner C, Wilson JJ, Meier-Menches SM. An Anticancer Rhenium Tricarbonyl Targets Fe‐S Cluster Biogenesis in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Neuditschko
- University of Vienna: Universitat Wien Department of Analytical Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - A. Paden King
- Cornell University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology UNITED STATES
| | - Zhouyang Huang
- Cornell University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology UNITED STATES
| | - Lukas Janker
- University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry: Universitat Wien Fakultat fur Chemie Department of Analytical Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Andrea Bileck
- University of Vienna: Universitat Wien Department of Analytical Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Yasmin Borutzki
- University of Vienna: Universitat Wien Institute of Inorganic Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Sierra C. Marker
- Cornell University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology UNITED STATES
| | - Christopher Gerner
- University of Vienna: Universitat Wien Department of Analytical Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Cornell University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology UNITED STATES
| | - Samuel M. Meier-Menches
- University of Vienna: Universitat Wien Department of Analytical Chemistry Waehringer Str. 38 1090 Vienna AUSTRIA
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17
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Suárez-Ortiz GA, Hernández-Correa R, Morales-Moreno MD, Toscano RA, Ramirez-Apan MT, Hernandez-Garcia A, Amézquita-Valencia M, Araiza-Olivera D. Diastereomeric Separation of Chiral fac-Tricarbonyl(iminopyridine) Rhenium(I) Complexes and Their Cytotoxicity Studies: Approach toward an Action Mechanism against Glioblastoma. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9281-9294. [PMID: 35776775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of new (tricarbonyl)rhenium(I) complexes were synthesized using chiral bidentate ligands (+)/(-)-iminopyridines (LR/LS). The reaction yielded a mixture of mononuclear Re(I) diastereoisomers, formulated as fac-[Br(CO)3Re(S/R)L(S/R)]. Each single diastereoisomer was isolated and fully characterized. X-ray crystallography and circular dichroism spectra verified their enantiomeric nature. The cytotoxicity of each complex was evaluated against six cancer cell lines. The effect of the two complexes on viability, proliferation, and migration was analyzed on glioblastoma cell lines (U251 and LN229). Changes in the expression of histones, apoptotic, and key signaling proteins, as well as alterations in DNA structure, were also observed. These experiments showed that the chirality associated with both metal and ligand has a strong influence on cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria A Suárez-Ortiz
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Rodrigo Hernández-Correa
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Melissa D Morales-Moreno
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Rubén A Toscano
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Maria Teresa Ramirez-Apan
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Armando Hernandez-Garcia
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Manuel Amézquita-Valencia
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Daniela Araiza-Olivera
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
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18
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Pete S, Roy N, Kar B, Paira P. Construction of homo and heteronuclear Ru(II), Ir(III) and Re(I) complexes for target specific cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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19
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He SF, Liao JX, Huang MY, Zhang YQ, Zou YM, Wu CL, Lin WY, Chen JX, Sun J. Rhenium-guanidine complex as photosensitizer: trigger HeLa cell apoptosis through death receptor-mediated, mitochondria-mediated and cell cycle arrest pathways. Metallomics 2022; 14:6527583. [PMID: 35150263 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades, growing evidence indicates that the photodynamic antitumor activity of transition metal complexes, and Re(I) compounds are potential candidates for photodynamic therapy (PDT). This study reports the synthesis, characterization, and anti-tumor activity of three new Re(I)-guadinium complexes. Cytotoxicity tests reveal that complex Re1 increased cytotoxicity by 145-fold from IC50 > 180 μM in the dark to 1.3 ± 0.7 μM following 10 min of light irradiation (425 nm) in HeLa cells. Further, the mechanism by which Re1 induces apoptosis in the presence or absence of light irradiation was investigated, and results indicate that cell death was caused through different pathways. Upon irradiation, Re1 first accumulates on the cell membrane and interacts with death receptors to activate the extrinsic death receptor-mediated signaling pathway, then is transported into the cell cytoplasm. Most of the intracellular Re1 locates within mitochondria, improving the ROS level, and decreasing MMP and ATP levels, and inducing the activation of caspase-9 and, thus, apoptosis. Subsequently, the residual Re1 can translocate into the cell nucleus, and activates the p53 pathway, causing cell-cycle arrest and eventually cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Dongguan Peaple's Hospital, Dongguan, 523059, China
| | - Jia-Xin Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Min-Ying Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yi-Min Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Ci-Ling Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jia-Xi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
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20
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Schindler K, Zobi F. Anticancer and Antibiotic Rhenium Tri- and Dicarbonyl Complexes: Current Research and Future Perspectives. Molecules 2022; 27:539. [PMID: 35056856 PMCID: PMC8777860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Organometallic compounds are increasingly recognized as promising anticancer and antibiotic drug candidates. Among the transition metal ions investigated for these purposes, rhenium occupies a special role. Its tri- and dicarbonyl complexes, in particular, attract continuous attention due to their relative ease of preparation, stability and unique photophysical and luminescent properties that allow the combination of diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, thereby permitting, e.g., molecules to be tracked within cells. In this review, we discuss the anticancer and antibiotic properties of rhenium tri- and dicarbonyl complexes described in the last seven years, mainly in terms of their structural variations and in vitro efficacy. Given the abundant literature available, the focus is initially directed on tricarbonyl complexes of rhenium. Dicarbonyl species of the metal ion, which are slowly gaining momentum, are discussed in the second part in terms of future perspective for the possible developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Zobi
- Department of Chemistry, Fribourg University, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
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21
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Wiratpruk N, Bindra G, Hamilton A, Hulett M, Barnard P. Anticancer Properties of Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7630-7643. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00447j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A family of eight rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes bearing pyridyl-imidazolylidene or bis-imidazolylidene ligand in combination with a series of N-acetyl amino acids ligands (glycine, isoleucine, proline) and acetate have been synthesised...
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22
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Sharma S. A, N. V, Kar B, Das U, Paira P. Target-specific mononuclear and binuclear rhenium( i) tricarbonyl complexes as upcoming anticancer drugs. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20264-20295. [PMID: 35919594 PMCID: PMC9281374 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03434d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal complexes have gradually been attracting interest from researchers worldwide as potential cancer therapeutics. Driven by the many side effects of the popular platinum-based anticancer drug cisplatin, the tireless endeavours of researchers have afforded strategies for the design of appropriate metal complexes with minimal side effects compared to cisplatin and its congeners to limit the unrestricted propagation of cancer. In this regard, transition metal complexes, especially rhenium-based complexes are being identified and highlighted as promising cancer theranostics, which are endowed with the ability to detect and annihilate cancer cells in the body. This is attributed the amazing photophysical properties of rhenium complexes together with their ability to selectively attack different organelles in cancer cells. Therefore, this review presents the properties of different rhenium-based complexes to highlight their recent advances as anticancer agents based on their cytotoxicity results. In this review, rhenium-based complexes are highlighted as promising cancer theranostics, which are endowed with the ability to detect and annihilate cancer cells in the body.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Sharma S.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vaibhavi N.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Binoy Kar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Utpal Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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23
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Karges J, Seo H, Cohen SM. Synthesis of tetranuclear rhenium(I) tricarbonyl metallacycles. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16147-16155. [PMID: 34679156 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02435c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes have received much attention due to their attractive photochemical, electrochemical, and biological properties. Beyond simple mononuclear complexes, multinuclear assemblies offer greater structural diversity and properties. Despite previous reports on the preparation of di-, tri-, or tetranuclear Re(I) tricarbonyl assemblies, the synthesis of these supramolecular structures remains challenging due to overall low yields or tedious purification protocols. Herein, the facile preparation and characterization of tetranuclear Re(I) tricarbonyl metallacycles with a square geometry is reported using a tetrazole-based ligand. The synthesis of the metallacycle was optimized using different metal precursors, solvents, temperatures, and reagent concentrations. Finally, the scope of suitable tetrazole-based ligands was explored to produce several tetranuclear Re(I) tricarbonyl-based metallacycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Hyeonglim Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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24
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Dinuclear ReI complex based on 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(diphenylphosphino)- pyridine: synthesis and luminescence properties. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Ye RR, Chen BC, Lu JJ, Ma XR, Li RT. Phosphorescent rhenium(I) complexes conjugated with artesunate: Mitochondrial targeting and apoptosis-ferroptosis dual induction. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 223:111537. [PMID: 34273716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is essential for cancer, which can be induced through multiple mechanisms. Ferroptosis, a newly emerging form of non-apoptotic cell death, involves the generation of iron-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we designed and synthesized two artesunate (ART) conjugated phosphorescent rhenium(I) complexes (Re(I)-ART conjugates), [Re(N^N)(CO)3(PyCH2OART)](PF6) (Re-ART-1 and Re-ART-2) (Py = pyridine, N^N = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, in Re-ART-1) and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (DIP, in Re-ART-2)) that can specifically locate in the mitochondria of human cervical carcinoma (HeLa). Mechanism studies show that Re-ART-1 and Re-ART-2 exhibit high cytotoxicity against cancer cells lines and can induce both apoptosis and ferroptosis in HeLa cells through mitochondrial damage, caspase cascade, glutathione (GSH) depletion, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation and lipid peroxidation accumulation. As a result, this work presents the rational design of Re(I)-ART conjugates as a promising strategy to induce both apoptosis and ferroptosis and improve therapeutic efficiency of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Rong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Bi-Chun Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Jun-Jian Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Xiu-Rong Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Rong-Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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26
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Yang K, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zhao S, Wu X, Peng X, Huang L, Jiang L, Lan M, Yi XY. An Iridium Complex as an AIE-active Photosensitizer for Image-guided Photodynamic Therapy. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1780-1785. [PMID: 33973366 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Image-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received growing attention due to its non-invasiveness and precise controllability. However, the PDT efficiency of most photosensitizers are decreased in living system due to the aggregation-caused singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) generation decreasing. Herein, we present an Iridium (III) pyridylpyrrole complex (Ir-1) featuring of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and 1 O2 generation characteristics for image-guided PDT of cancer. Ir-1 aqueous solution exhibits bright red phosphorescence peaked at 630 nm, large Stokes shift of 227 nm, and good 1 O2 generation ability. The 1 O2 generating rate of Ir-1 in EtOH/water mixture solution is 2.3 times higher than that of Rose Bengal. In vitro experimental results revealed that Ir-1 has better biocompatibility and higher phototoxicity compared with clinically used photosensitizers (Rose Bengal and Ce6), suggesting that Ir-1 can serve as a photosensitizer for image-guided PDT of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Shaojing Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Peng
- Center of Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Li Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Lirong Jiang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Minhuan Lan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yi Yi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
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27
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Smith CB, Days LC, Alajroush DR, Faye K, Khodour Y, Beebe SJ, Holder AA. Photodynamic Therapy of Inorganic Complexes for the Treatment of Cancer †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:17-41. [PMID: 34121188 DOI: 10.1111/php.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medicinal tool that uses a photosensitizer and a light source to treat several conditions, including cancer. PDT uses reactive oxygen species such as cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) to induce cell death in cancer cells. Chemotherapy has historically utilized the cytotoxic effects of many metals, especially transition metal complexes. However, chemotherapy is a systemic treatment so all cells in a patient's body are exposed to the same cytotoxic effects. Transition metal complexes have also shown high cytotoxicity as PDT agents. PDT is a potential localized method for treating several cancer types by using inorganic complexes as photosensitizing agents. This review covers several in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials that reported on the anticancer properties of inorganic pharmaceuticals used in PDT against different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe B Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Lindsay C Days
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Duaa R Alajroush
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Khadija Faye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Yara Khodour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Stephen J Beebe
- Frank Reidy Research Centre for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Alvin A Holder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
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28
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Huang Z, Wilson JJ. Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications of Multimetallic Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
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29
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Wu S, Wang S, Zhu M, Gao E. SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, DNA BINDING,
AND ANTICANCER ABILITY OF A Co(II) COMPLEX CONSTRUCTED
BY 2-PROPYL-1H-IMIDAZOLE-4,5-DICARBOXYLIC ACID. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476620120112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Karges J, Chao H, Gasser G. Critical discussion of the applications of metal complexes for 2-photon photodynamic therapy. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:1035-1050. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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