1
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Figueira Nunes JP, Ibele LM, Pathak S, Attar AR, Bhattacharyya S, Boll R, Borne K, Centurion M, Erk B, Lin MF, Forbes RJG, Goff N, Hansen CS, Hoffmann M, Holland DMP, Ingle RA, Luo D, Muvva SB, Reid AH, Rouzée A, Rudenko A, Saha SK, Shen X, Venkatachalam AS, Wang X, Ware MR, Weathersby SP, Wilkin K, Wolf TJA, Xiong Y, Yang J, Ashfold MNR, Rolles D, Curchod BFE. Monitoring the Evolution of Relative Product Populations at Early Times during a Photochemical Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4134-4143. [PMID: 38317439 PMCID: PMC10870701 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Identifying multiple rival reaction products and transient species formed during ultrafast photochemical reactions and determining their time-evolving relative populations are key steps toward understanding and predicting photochemical outcomes. Yet, most contemporary ultrafast studies struggle with clearly identifying and quantifying competing molecular structures/species among the emerging reaction products. Here, we show that mega-electronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction in combination with ab initio molecular dynamics calculations offer a powerful route to determining time-resolved populations of the various isomeric products formed after UV (266 nm) excitation of the five-membered heterocyclic molecule 2(5H)-thiophenone. This strategy provides experimental validation of the predicted high (∼50%) yield of an episulfide isomer containing a strained three-membered ring within ∼1 ps of photoexcitation and highlights the rapidity of interconversion between the rival highly vibrationally excited photoproducts in their ground electronic state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lea Maria Ibele
- CNRS,
Institut de Chimie Physique UMR8000, Université
Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 9140, France
| | - Shashank Pathak
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Andrew R. Attar
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Surjendu Bhattacharyya
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | | | - Kurtis Borne
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Martin Centurion
- University
of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Benjamin Erk
- Deutsches
Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Ruaridh J. G. Forbes
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Nathan Goff
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | | | - Matthias Hoffmann
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Rebecca A. Ingle
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Duan Luo
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Sri Bhavya Muvva
- University
of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Alexander H. Reid
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Artem Rudenko
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Sajib Kumar Saha
- University
of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Anbu Selvam Venkatachalam
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Matt R. Ware
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Kyle Wilkin
- University
of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Thomas J. A. Wolf
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Stanford
PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Yanwei Xiong
- University
of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Daniel Rolles
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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2
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Heo J, Kim D, Segalina A, Ki H, Ahn DS, Lee S, Kim J, Cha Y, Lee KW, Yang J, Nunes JPF, Wang X, Ihee H. Capturing the generation and structural transformations of molecular ions. Nature 2024; 625:710-714. [PMID: 38200317 PMCID: PMC10808067 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Molecular ions are ubiquitous and play pivotal roles1-3 in many reactions, particularly in the context of atmospheric and interstellar chemistry4-6. However, their structures and conformational transitions7,8, particularly in the gas phase, are less explored than those of neutral molecules owing to experimental difficulties. A case in point is the halonium ions9-11, whose highly reactive nature and ring strain make them short-lived intermediates that are readily attacked even by weak nucleophiles and thus challenging to isolate or capture before they undergo further reaction. Here we show that mega-electronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction (MeV-UED)12-14, used in conjunction with resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization, can monitor the formation of 1,3-dibromopropane (DBP) cations and their subsequent structural dynamics forming a halonium ion. We find that the DBP+ cation remains for a substantial duration of 3.6 ps in aptly named 'dark states' that are structurally indistinguishable from the DBP electronic ground state. The structural data, supported by surface-hopping simulations15 and ab initio calculations16, reveal that the cation subsequently decays to iso-DBP+, an unusual intermediate with a four-membered ring containing a loosely bound17,18 bromine atom, and eventually loses the bromine atom and forms a bromonium ion with a three-membered-ring structure19. We anticipate that the approach used here can also be applied to examine the structural dynamics of other molecular ions and thereby deepen our understanding of ion chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Heo
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeong Kim
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Alekos Segalina
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Ki
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Sik Ahn
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Foundry Business, Samsung Electronics Inc., Hwasung, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonggon Lee
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Kim
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Cha
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Lee
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Yang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - J Pedro F Nunes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Hyotcherl Ihee
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Bertram L, Weber PM, Kirrander A. Mapping the photochemistry of cyclopentadiene: from theory to ultrafast X-ray scattering. Faraday Discuss 2023; 244:269-293. [PMID: 37132432 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00176d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The photoinduced ring-conversion reaction when cyclopentadiene (CP) is excited at 5.10 eV is simulated using surface-hopping semiclassical trajectories with XMS(3)-CASPT2(4,4)/cc-pVDZ electronic structure theory. In addition, PBE0/def2-SV(P) is employed for ground state propagation of the trajectories. The dynamics is propagated for 10 ps, mapping both the nonadiabatic short-time dynamics (<300 fs) and the increasingly statistical dynamics on the electronic ground state. The short-time dynamics yields a mixture of hot CP and bicyclo[2.1.0]pentene (BP), with the two products reached via different regions of the same conical intersection seam. On the ground state, we observe slow conversion from BP to CP which is modelled by RRKM theory with a transition state determined using PBE0/def2-TZVP. The CP products are furthermore associated with ground state hydrogen shifts and some H-atom dissociation. Finally, the prospects for detailed experimental mapping using novel ultrafast X-ray scattering experiments are discussed and observables for such experiments are predicted. In particular, we assess the possibility of retrieving electronic states and their populations alongside the structural dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Peter M Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Adam Kirrander
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
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4
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Suzuki T, Kato K, Tanaka H, Isoyama K, Kanya R, Yamanouchi K. Determination of geometrical structure of CCl3+ by trapped-ion electron diffraction. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Bhattacharyya S, Borne K, Ziaee F, Pathak S, Wang E, Venkatachalam AS, Li X, Marshall N, Carnes KD, Fehrenbach CW, Severt T, Ben-Itzhak I, Rudenko A, Rolles D. Strong-Field-Induced Coulomb Explosion Imaging of Tribromomethane. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5845-5853. [PMID: 35727076 PMCID: PMC9252187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Coulomb explosion of tribromomethane (bromoform, CHBr3) induced by 28 fs near-infrared laser pulses is investigated by three-dimensional coincidence ion momentum imaging. We focus on the fragmentation into three, four, and five ionic fragments measured in coincidence and present different ways of visualizing the three-dimensional momentum correlations. We show that the experimentally observed momentum correlations for 4- and 5-fold coincidences are well reproduced by classical Coulomb explosion simulations and contain information about the structure of the parent molecule that could be used to differentiate structural isomers formed, for example, in a pump-probe experiment. Our results thus provide a clear path toward visualizing structural dynamics in polyatomic molecules by strong-field-induced Coulomb explosion imaging.
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6
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Bhattacharyya S, Borne K, Ziaee F, Pathak S, Wang E, Venkatachalam AS, Marshall N, Carnes KD, Fehrenbach CW, Severt T, Ben-Itzhak I, Rudenko A, Rolles D. Two- and three-body fragmentation of multiply charged tribromomethane by ultrafast laser pulses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:27631-27644. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03089f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This article provides mechanistic insight into the two- and three-body fragmentation dynamics of CHBr3 after strong-field ionization and discusses the possible isomerization of CHBr3 to BrCHBr–Br (iso-CHBr3) prior to the fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surjendu Bhattacharyya
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Kurtis Borne
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Farzaneh Ziaee
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Shashank Pathak
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Enliang Wang
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Anbu Selvam Venkatachalam
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Nathan Marshall
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Kevin D. Carnes
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Charles W. Fehrenbach
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Travis Severt
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Itzik Ben-Itzhak
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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7
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Abstract
Photoexcited molecules convert light into chemical and mechanical energy through changes in electronic and nuclear structure that take place on femtosecond timescales. Gas phase ultrafast electron diffraction (GUED) is an ideal tool to probe the nuclear geometry evolution of the molecules and complements spectroscopic methods that are mostly sensitive to the electronic state. GUED is a passive probing tool that does not alter the molecular properties during the probing process and is sensitive to the spatial distribution of charge in the molecule, including both electrons and nuclei. Improvements in temporal resolution have enabled GUED to capture coherent nuclear motions in molecules in the excited and ground electronic states with femtosecond and subangstrom resolution. Here we present the basic theory of GUED and explain what information is encoded in the diffraction signal, review how GUED has been used to observe coherent structural dynamics in recent experiments, and discuss the advantages and limitations of the method. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 73 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA;
| | - Thomas J A Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA;
| | - Jie Yang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, China;
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