1
|
Wang Y, Rong X, Guan H, Ouyang F, Zhou X, Li F, Tan X, Li D. The Potential Effects of Isoleucine Restricted Diet on Cognitive Impairment in High-Fat-Induced Obese Mice via Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200767. [PMID: 37658490 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) can cause lipid metabolism disorders and cognitive impairment. Isoleucine restriction can effectively alleviate lipid metabolism disorders caused by HFD but the underlying mechanisms on cognition are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty 3-month-old C57BL/6J mice are divided equally into the following groups: the control group, HFD group, and HFD Low Ile group (67% reduction in isoleucine in high fat feeds). Feeding for 11 weeks with behavioral testing, which shows that isoleucine restriction attenuates HFD-induced cognitive dysfunction. As observed by staining, isoleucine restriction inhibits HFD-induced neuronal damage and microglia activation. Furthermore, isoleucine restriction significantly increases the relative abundance of gut microbiota, decreases the proportion of Proteobacteria, and reduces the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in serum and brain. Isoleucine restriction reduces protein expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and inhibits upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine genes and protein expression in mice brain. In addition, isoleucine restriction significantly improves insulin resistance in the brain as well as synaptic plasticity impairment. CONCLUSION Isoleucine restriction may be a potential intervention to reduce HFD-induced cognitive impairment by altering gut microbiota, reducing neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, and improving synaptic plasticity in mice brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xue Rong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Hui Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Fangxin Ouyang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xintong Tan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yao H, Li K, Wei J, Lin Y, Liu Y. The contradictory role of branched-chain amino acids in lifespan and insulin resistance. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1189982. [PMID: 37408986 PMCID: PMC10318341 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1189982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; a mixture of leucine, valine and isoleucine) have important regulatory effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, protein synthesis and longevity. Many studies have reported that circulating BCAA levels or dietary intake of BCAAs is associated with longevity, sarcopenia, obesity, and diabetes. Among them, the influence of BCAAs on aging and insulin resistance often present different benefits or harmful effects in the elderly and in animals. Considering the nonobvious correlation between circulating BCAA levels and BCAA uptake, as well as the influence of diseases, diet and aging on the body, some of the contradictory conclusions have been drawn. The regulatory mechanism of the remaining contradictory role may be related to endogenous branched-chain amino acid levels, branched-chain amino acid metabolism and mTOR-related autophagy. Furthermore, the recent discovery that insulin resistance may be independent of longevity has expanded the research thinking related to the regulatory mechanism among the three. However, the negative effects of BCAAs on longevity and insulin resistance were mostly observed in high-fat diet-fed subjects or obese individuals, while the effects in other diseases still need to be studied further. In conclusion, there is still no definite conclusion on the specific conditions under which BCAAs and insulin resistance extend life, shorten life, or do not change lifespan, and there is still no credible and comprehensive explanation for the different effects of BCAAs and insulin resistance on lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Taian, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Liu
- Department of Nutrition, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ruan D, Fan QL, Zhang S, Ei-Senousey HK, Fouad AM, Lin XJ, Dong XL, Deng YF, Yan SJ, Zheng CT, Jiang ZY, Jiang SQ. Dietary isoleucine supplementation enhances growth performance, modulates the expression of genes related to amino acid transporters and protein metabolism, and gut microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102774. [PMID: 37302324 PMCID: PMC10276271 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary isoleucine (Ile) on growth performance, intestinal expression of amino acid transporters, protein metabolism-related genes and intestinal microbiota in starter phase Chinese yellow-feathered chickens. Female Xinguang yellow-feathered chickens (n = 1,080, aged 1 d) were randomly distributed to 6 treatments, each with 6 replicates of 30 birds. Chickens were fed diets with 6 levels of total Ile (6.8, 7.6, 8.4, 9.2, 10.0, and 10.8 g/kg) for 30 d. The average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were improved with dietary Ile levels (P < 0.05). Plasma uric acid content and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activity were linearly and quadratically decreased with increasing dietary Ile inclusion (P < 0.05). Dietary Ile level had a linear (P < 0.05) or quadratic (P < 0.05) effect on the jejunal expression of ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1. The relative expression of jejunal 20S proteasome subunit C2 and ileal muscle ring finger-containing protein 1 decreased linearly (P < 0.05) and quadratically (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary Ile levels. Dietary Ile level had a linear (P = 0.069) or quadratic (P < 0.05) effect on the gene expression of solute carrier family 15 member 1 in jejunum and solute carrier family 7 member 1 in ileum. In addition, bacterial 16S rDNA full-length sequencing showed that dietary Ile increased the cecal abundances of the Firmicutes phylum, and Blautia, Lactobacillus, and unclassified_Lachnospiraceae genera, while decreased that of Proteobacteria, Alistipes, and Shigella. Dietary Ile levels affected growth performance and modulated gut microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens. The appropriate level of dietary Ile can upregulate the expression of intestinal protein synthesis-related protein kinase genes and concomitantly inhibit the expression of proteolysis-related cathepsin genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Ruan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Q L Fan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - S Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - H K Ei-Senousey
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - A M Fouad
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - X J Lin
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - X L Dong
- CJ International Trading Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201107, China
| | - Y F Deng
- CJ International Trading Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201107, China
| | - S J Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - C T Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Z Y Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - S Q Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baumgartel K, Stevens M, Vijayakumar N, Saint Fleur A, Prescott S, Groer M. The Human Milk Metabolome: A Scoping Literature Review. J Hum Lact 2023; 39:255-277. [PMID: 36924445 DOI: 10.1177/08903344231156449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk is a complex source of nutrition and other bioactives that protects infants from disease, holding a lifetime of beneficial effects. The field of metabolomics provides a robust platform through which we can better understand human milk at a level rarely examined. RESEARCH AIM To Identify, describe, synthesize, and critically analyze the literature within the past 5 years related to the human milk metabolome. METHODS We conducted a scoping literature review and quality analysis of the recent science reflecting untargeted metabolomic approaches to examining human milk. We searched six databases using the terms "breast milk," "metabolome," "metabolite," and "human milk," Out of more than 1,069 abstracts, we screened and identified 22 articles that met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS We extracted data related to the study author, geographic location, research design, analyses, platform used, and results. We also extracted data related to human milk research activities, including collection protocol, infant/maternal considerations, and time. Selected studies focused on a variety of phenotypes, including maternal and infant disease. Investigators used varying approaches to evaluate the metabolome, and differing milk collection protocols were observed. CONCLUSION The human milk metabolome is informed by many factors-which may contribute to infant health outcomes-that have resulted in disparate milk metabolomic profiles. Standardized milk collection and storage procedures should be implemented to minimize degradation. Investigators may use our findings to develop research questions that test a targeted metabolomic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Stevens
- College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nisha Vijayakumar
- School of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Maureen Groer
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu J, Wen L, Chen J, Chang Y, Huang R, Lin Y, Shen G, Feng J. Discover boy specific-biomarkers and reveal gender-related metabolic differences in central precocious puberty. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 231:106305. [PMID: 36997004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of central precocious puberty (CPP) in boys is rising, but lack of effective molecular biomarkers often leads to delayed treatment and thus the terrible clinical complications in adulthood. This study aims to identify the specific-biomarkers of CPP boys and understand the gender-related differences in metabolic characteristics of CPP. The specific-biomarkers of CPP boys were identified from serum and their combination was optimized by cross-metabolomics combined with linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis after age correction. The differences in metabolic characteristics between boys and girls with CPP were explored by cross-metabolomics and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Results show that CPP activated in advance the HPG axis and induced gender-related clinical phenotypes. Seven serum metabolites were identified as specific-biomarkers of CPP boys, including acetoacetate, aspartate, choline, creatinine, myo-inositol, N,N-dimethylglycine and N-Acetyl-glycoprotein. The combination of aspartate, choline, myo-inositol and creatinine achieved an optimized diagnosis, where AUC is 0.949, prediction accuracy for CPP boys is 91.1%, and the average accuracy is 0.865. The metabolic disorders of CPP boys mainly involve in glycerophospholipid metabolism, and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies. Betaine, glutamine, isoleucine, lactate, leucine, lysine, pyruvate, α-&β-glucose were identified as gender-related biomarkers for CPP, and they are mainly involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. Biomarkers combination provides a promising diagnostic potential for CPP boy with a favorite sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the differences of metabolic characteristics between boys and girls with CPP will contribute to the development of individualized clinical treatments in CPP.
Collapse
|
6
|
Arshad HM, Ahmad FUD, Lodhi AH. Methanolic Extract of Aerva javanica Leaves Prevents LPS-Induced Depressive Like Behavior in Experimental Mice. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:4179-4204. [PMID: 36514526 PMCID: PMC9741839 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s383054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Depression is a chronic recurrent neuropsychiatric disorder associated with inflammation. This study explored the pharmacological activities of Aerva javanica leaves crude extract (Aj.Cr) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior in experimental mice. Methods Aj.Cr was evaluated for its phenolic and flavonoid contents, bioactive potential, amino acid profiling and enzyme inhibition assays using different analytical techniques followed by in-silico molecular docking was performed. In addition, three ligands identified in HPLC analysis and standard galantamine were docked to acetyl cholinesterase (AchE) enzyme to assess the ligand interaction along with their binding affinities. In in-vivo analysis, mice were given normal saline (10 mL/kg), imipramine (10 mg/kg) and Aj.Cr (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg) orally for 14-consecutive days. On the 14th day, respective treatment was given 30-minutes before intra-peritoneal administration of (0.83 mg/kg) LPS. Open field, forced swim and tail suspension tests were performed 24-hours after LPS injection, followed by a sucrose preference test 48-hours later. Serum corticosterone levels, as well as levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and catecholamines were determined in brain tissues. Results In-vitro results revealed that crude extract of Aj.Cr possesses anti-depressant agents with solid antioxidant potential. In-vivo analysis showed that LPS significantly increased depressive-like behavior followed by alteration in serum and tissue biomarkers as compared to normal control (p < 0.001). While imipramine and Aj.Cr (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg) treated groups significantly (p<0.05) improved the depressive-like behavior and biomarkers when compared to the LPS group. Conclusion The mitigation of LPS-induced depressive-like behavior by Aj.Cr may be linked to the modulation of oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation and catecholamines due to the presence of potent bioactive compounds exerting anti-depressant effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Maida Arshad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Fiaz-ud-Din Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan,Correspondence: Fiaz-ud-Din Ahmad, Department of Pharmacology, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Khawaja Fareed Campus, Railway Road, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan, Tel +92-320-8402376, Email
| | - Arslan Hussain Lodhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Evaluation of the metabolomic profile through 1H-NMR spectroscopy in ewes affected by postpartum hyperketonemia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16463. [PMID: 36183000 PMCID: PMC9526738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketosis is one of the most important health problems in dairy sheep. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic alterations in hyperketonemic (HYK) ewes. Forty-six adult Sardinian ewes were enrolled between 7 ± 3 days post-partum. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein using Venosafe tubes containing clot activator from jugular vein after clinical examination. The concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) was determined in serum and used to divide ewes into assign ewes into: Non-HYK (serum BHB < 0.80 mmol/L) and HYK (serum BHB ≥ 0.80 mmol/L) groups. Animal data and biochemical parameters of groups were examined with one-way ANOVA, and metabolite differences were tested using a t-test. A robust principal component analysis model and a heatmap were used to highlight common trends among metabolites. Over-representation analysis was performed to investigate metabolic pathways potentially altered in connection with BHB alterations. The metabolomic analysis identified 54 metabolites with 14 different between groups. These metabolites indicate altered ruminal microbial populations and fermentations; an interruption of the tricarboxylic acid cycle; initial lack of glucogenic substrates; mobilization of body reserves; the potential alteration of electron transport chain; influence on urea synthesis; alteration of nervous system, inflammatory response, and immune cell function.
Collapse
|
8
|
Amino Acid Profiles and Nutritional Evaluation of Fresh Sweet–Waxy Corn from Three Different Regions of China. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193887. [PMID: 36235541 PMCID: PMC9572857 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study conducted a comparative analysis of the amino acid compositions of Chinese Huangnuo 9 fresh sweet–waxy corn from three different provinces in China—Inner Mongolia, Jilin, and Heilongjiang Province. Moreover, we established a nutritive evaluation system based on amino acid profiles to evaluate, compare, and rank the fresh sweet–waxy corn planted in different regions. A total of 17 amino acids were quantified, and the amino acid composition of fresh sweet–waxy corn was analyzed and evaluated. The amino acid quality was determined by the amino acid pattern spectrum, chemical evaluations (including CS, AAS, EAAI, BV, U(a,u), NI, F, predict PER, and PDCAAS), flavor evaluation, amino acid matching degree evaluation, and the results of the factor analysis. The results showed that the protein content of fresh corn 1–1 from Inner Mongolia was the highest (40.26 ± 0.35 mg/g), but the factor analysis results, digestion, and absorption efficiency of fresh corn 1–2 were the best. The amino acid profile of fresh corn 1–1 was closest to each evaluation’s model spectrum. The results of the diversity evaluations in fresh corn 3–2 were the best, and fresh corn 3–3 had the most essential amino acid content. A total of 17 amino acids in fresh corn were divided into three principal component factor analyses: functional principal components (Leu, Pro, Glu, His, Ile, Ser, Met, Val, Tyr, Thr), regulatory principal components (Lys, Gly, Ala, Asp, Arg, Trp), and protection principal components (Phe). The scores of the three principal components and the comprehensive score in fresh corn 1–2 were all the highest, followed by 3–3 and 1–1. The amino acid nutritional values of fresh corn 1–2 were the highest in 12 samples.
Collapse
|
9
|
Discriminant Analysis of the Nutritional Components between Organic Eggs and Conventional Eggs: A 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27093008. [PMID: 35566355 PMCID: PMC9102658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The difference of nutrient composition between organic eggs and conventional eggs has always been a concern of people. In this study, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique combined with multivariate statistical analyses was conducted to identify the metabolite different in egg yolk and egg white in order to reveal the nutritional components information between organic and conventional eggs. The results showed that the nutrient content and composition characteristics were different between organic and conventional eggs, among which the content of glucose, putrescine, amino acids and their derivatives were found higher in the organic eggs yolk, while phospholipids were demonstrated higher in conventional eggs yolk. Organic acid, alcohol, amine, choline and amino acids were higher in conventional eggs white, but glucose and lactate in organic egg were higher. Our study demonstrated that there are more nutritive components and higher nutritional value in organic eggs than conventional eggs, especially for the growth and development of infants and young children, and conventional eggs have more advantages in promoting lipid metabolism, preventing fatty liver, and reducing serum cholesterol. Eggs have important nutritional value to human body, and these two kinds of eggs can be selected according to the actual nutrient needs.
Collapse
|
10
|
Differences in the serum metabolome profile of dairy cows according to the BHB concentration revealed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1H-NMR). Sci Rep 2022; 12:2525. [PMID: 35169190 PMCID: PMC8847571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mobilization of body reserves during the transition from pregnancy to lactation might predispose dairy cows to develop metabolic disorders such as subclinical ketosis or hyperketonemia. These conditions are not easily identifiable and are frequently related to other diseases that cause economic loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum metabolome differences according to the β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration. Forty-nine Holstein Friesian dairy cows were enrolled between 15 and 30 days in milk. According to their serum BHB concentration, the animals were divided into three groups: Group 0 (G0; 12 healthy animals; BHB ≤ 0.50 mmol/L); Group 1 (G1; 19 healthy animals; 0.51 ≤ BHB < 1.0 mmol/L); and Group 2 (G2; 18 hyperketonemic animals; BHB ≥ 1.0 mmol/L). Animal data and biochemical parameters were examined with one-way ANOVA, and metabolite significant differences were examined by t-tests. Fifty-seven metabolites were identified in the serum samples. Thirteen metabolites showed significant effects and seemed to be related to the mobilization of body reserves, lipids, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, and ruminal fermentation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Takeda S, Kaji K, Nishimura N, Enomoto M, Fujimoto Y, Murata K, Takaya H, Kawaratani H, Moriya K, Namisaki T, Akahane T, Yoshiji H. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Potentiate the Protective Effect of Branched-Chain Amino Acids on Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Cirrhotic Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100526. [PMID: 34687151 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study investigated the combined effect of the angiotensin II (AT-II) receptor blocker losartan and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) on skeletal muscle atrophy in rats with cirrhosis and steatohepatitis. METHOD AND RESULTS Fischer 344 rats are fed a choline-deficient l-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet for 12 weeks and treated with oral losartan (30 mg kg-1 day-1 ) and/or BCAAs (Aminoleban EN, 2500 mg kg-1 day-1 ). Treatment with losartan and BCAAs attenuated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis and improved skeletal muscle atrophy and strength in CDAA-fed rats. Both agents reduced intramuscular myostatin and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, resulting in inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) through interference with the SMAD and nuclear factor-kappa B pathways, respectively. Losartan also augmented the BCAA-mediated increase of skeletal muscle mass by promoting insulin growth factor-I production and mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, losartan decreased the intramuscular expression of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a transcriptional inducer of E3 ubiquitin ligase regulated by AT-II. In vitro assays illustrated that losartan promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and reduced TFEB expression in AT-II-stimulated rat myocytes, thereby potentiating the inhibitory effects of BCAAs on the UPS and caspase-3 cleavage. CONCLUSION These results indicate that this regimen could serve as a novel treatment for patients with sarcopenia and liver cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kaji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Norihisa Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Masahide Enomoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Koji Murata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hideto Kawaratani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kei Moriya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tadashi Namisaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takemi Akahane
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dai M, Lin T, Yue J, Dai L. Signatures and Clinical Significance of Amino Acid Flux in Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:725518. [PMID: 34589057 PMCID: PMC8473793 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.725518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of amino acids is closely linked to the initiation and progression of sarcopenia. We summarized recent advancements in the studies of amino acid profiles in sarcopenia and systematically presented the clinical significance of amino acid flux in sarcopenia. METHODS We systematically searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library from inception to June 1, 2021 to capture all studies examining metabolomics of sarcopenia. We used the following keywords: sarcopenia, metabonomics, metabolomics, amino acid profile, and mass spectrometry. Original articles comparing amino acid patterns between persons with and without sarcopenia were included. Two independent investigators independently completed title and abstract screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation. We used a random effects model to examine the association between amino acids levels and sarcopenia. Sensitivity analyses restricted the analyses to studies in which muscle mass was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Study quality was evaluated according to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) checklist. RESULTS The systematic research yielded six eligible articles, comprising 1,120 participants. Five studies used muscle mass in combination with physical performance and/or muscle strength as the criteria to diagnose sarcopenia, while one study used muscle mass as a diagnostic criterion alone. We found that the concentrations of branched-chain amino acids leucine (standardized mean difference [SMD] -1.249; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.275, -0.223, P = 0.02, I2 = 97.7%), isoleucine (SMD -1.077; 95% CI: -2.106, -0.049, P = 0.04, I2 = 97.8%), and aromatic amino acid tryptophan (SMD -0.923; 95% CI: -1.580, -0.265, P = 0.01, I2 = 89.9%) were significantly reduced in individuals with sarcopenia. Study results were robust in sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS The homeostasis of amino acids is critical to maintaining muscle health. The profiles of amino acids might be useful biomarkers for the characterization of sarcopenia. Future studies are warranted to study the clinical significance of amino acids in the diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Dai
- Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taiping Lin
- Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jirong Yue
- Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jirong Yue, ; Lunzhi Dai,
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jirong Yue, ; Lunzhi Dai,
| |
Collapse
|