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Cordeiro SA, Lopes TCP, Boechat AL, Gonçalves RL. Weight loss and mortality in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:34. [PMID: 38166819 PMCID: PMC10762994 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the first reported cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, people living with HIV (PLHIV) suffered weight loss, which was an independent predictor of mortality. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has changed this scenario for ideal weight, overweight, and even obesity. However, some PLHIV, even on HAART, continue to lose weight. Thus, the guiding question of the study was: do PLHIV hospitalized using HAART with weight loss have higher mortality than hospitalized PLHIV using HAART without weight loss? METHOD A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, searched in the MedLine, Embase, and LILACS databases from March 2020, until October 2023, reported by MOOSE. We analyzed the methodological quality and risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Cohort Studies; used the risk ratio (RR) to calculate the probability of hospitalized PLWH who lost weight dying, applied the random effect model and created the funnel plot. We used the inverse variance test estimated by the Mantel-Haenszel method, considering a 95% confidence interval (CI), heterogeneity (I2), total effect size (Z), and significance value of p < 0.05. We performed a sensitivity analysis with meta-regression and meta-analyses on subgroups to diagnose influence and outliers. The quality of evidence and strength of recommendation were analyzed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system (GRADE). RESULTS We included 10 of the 711 studies identified, totaling 1,637 PLHIV. The studies were from South Africa (1), Canada (1), China (1), Brazil (1), Cameroon (1), Ethiopia (1), Thailand (1), Colombia (1), and Tanzania (2), from 1996 to 2017. The average age of the participants was 33.1 years old, and the male was predominant. The leading causes of hospital admission were related to co-infections, and the average hospitalization time was 20.5 days. The prevalence of death in hospitalized PLHIV using HAART who lost weight was 57.5%, with a 1.5 higher risk of dying (RR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.19, p = 0.04) than hospitalized PLHIV who did not lose weight. CONCLUSION We concluded, with a very low confidence level, that that weight loss significantly increased the risk of death in hospitalized PLWH using HAART. TRIAL REGISTRATION AND FUNDING PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020191246 https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020191246 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Almeida Cordeiro
- Program in Health Sciences (PPGCIS), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, Afonso Pena Street, 1053, Centro, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Tainá Costa Pereira Lopes
- Program in Health Sciences (PPGCIS), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, Afonso Pena Street, 1053, Centro, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Antonio Luiz Boechat
- Program in Health Sciences (PPGCIS), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, Afonso Pena Street, 1053, Centro, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Roberta Lins Gonçalves
- Program in Health Sciences (PPGCIS), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, Afonso Pena Street, 1053, Centro, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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de Faria Melo CC, Amaral DS, de Moura Zanine A, de Jesus Ferreira D, de Mello Prado R, de Cássia Piccolo M. Nanosilica enhances morphogenic and chemical parameters of Megathyrsus maximus grass under conditions of phosphorus deficiency and excess stress in different soils. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:497. [PMID: 37845606 PMCID: PMC10580593 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) imbalances are a recurring issue in cultivated soils with pastures across diverse regions. In addition to P deficiency, the prevalence of excess P in soil has escalated, resulting in damage to pasture yield. In response to this reality, there is a need for well-considered strategies, such as the application of silicon (Si), a known element for alleviating plant stress. However, the influence of Si on the morphogenetic and chemical attributes of forage grasses grown in various soils remains uncertain. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the impact of P deficiency and excess on morphogenetic and chemical parameters, as well as digestibility, in Zuri guinea grass cultivated in Oxisol and Entisol soils. It also sought to determine whether fertigation with nanosilica could mitigate the detrimental effects of these nutritional stresses. Results revealed that P deficiency led to a reduction in tiller numbers and grass protein content, along with an increase in lignin content. Conversely, P excess resulted in higher proportions of dead material and lignin, a reduced mass leaf: stem ratio in plants, and a decrease in dry matter (DM) yield. Fertigation with Si improved tillering and protein content in deficient plants. In the case of P excess, Si reduced tiller mortality and lignin content, increased the mass leaf:stem ratio, and enhanced DM yield. This approach also increased yields in plants with sufficient P levels without affecting grass digestibility. Thus, Si utilization holds promise for enhancing the growth and chemical characteristics of forage grasses under P stress and optimizing yield in well-nourished, adapted plants, promoting more sustainable pasture yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Cármen de Faria Melo
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences (Soil and Fertilizer Sector), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884900, Brazil.
| | - Danilo Silva Amaral
- Department of Engineering and Exact Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884900, Brazil
| | - Anderson de Moura Zanine
- Center for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Maranhão, BR 222 km 04 Highway, Chapadinha, MA, 65500000, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Jesus Ferreira
- Center for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Maranhão, BR 222 km 04 Highway, Chapadinha, MA, 65500000, Brazil
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences (Soil and Fertilizer Sector), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884900, Brazil
| | - Marisa de Cássia Piccolo
- Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13400970, Brazil
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Lucas Nascimento Souza J, Cavalcante Silva F, da Silva CG, Maria Fortaleza Neves Bomfim I, Rocha de Medeiros H, Giotto Zaros L. Analysis of the stability of the reference genes GAPDH, SDHA and RPL-19 in sheep from a semi-arid region infected by gastrointestinal nematodes. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:147. [PMID: 37679739 PMCID: PMC10483723 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Analyzing the stability of reference genes already described as universal is an important methodology to lead gene expression analysis because different studies have shown that the expression of universal reference genes may vary between experimental treatments. In this sense, the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), Succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (SDHA) and Ribosomal Protein L-19 (RPL-19) reference genes (already described in other studies with sheep from different regions, breeds and infectious agents or in organisms evolutionarily close to sheep) were investigated in the abomasum, small and large intestines of resistant and susceptible crossbred sheep groups to gastrointestinal nematode infections in the Semi-arid region in Northeast of Brazil. The animals were naturally infected to determine the resistance or susceptibility status by counting eggs per gram (EPG) of feces from the gastrointestinal tract after 33 weeks of observations of infection evolution. Relative gene expression was performed by RT-qPCR methodology using Sybr green and relative gene expression stability was tested by different software programs such as REST, BestKeeper, geNorm and Normfinder. Our results showed the susceptible animals had increase in egg counts per gram of feces than resistant animals (p < 0.001), and both groups showed a mixed infection by nematodes of the genus Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum and Trichuris. Furthermore, we show the importance of analyzing different genes in different software programs and the importance to choose ideal reference genes. In this sense, GAPDH was the most stable gene in the abomasum, whereas SDHA was the most stable in the small and large intestines. In addition, we discuss about variables which can interfere in relative expression such as breed, species, climate and tissue. However, utilizing other reference genes already described in other studies with the same and different variables should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lucas Nascimento Souza
- Graduate Program in Parasitary Biology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cavalcante Silva
- Graduate Program in Animal Production, Jundiaí Agricultural School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Carlikelly Gleicy da Silva
- Graduate Program in Parasitary Biology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Henrique Rocha de Medeiros
- Jundiaí Agricultural School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Lilian Giotto Zaros
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Centre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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Ferreira CSM, de Mesquita DC, de Freitas Lutz ÍA, Veneza IB, Martins TS, Santana PDCP, Miranda JAB, de Sousa JM, Matos SCDN, Holanda FCAF, da Cunha Sampaio MI, Evangelista-Gomes GF. First record of rainbow shrimp, exotic species Mierspenaeopsis sculptilis (Heller, 1862), in the Brazilian coastal amazon, validated by DNA barcode. BMC ZOOL 2023; 8:11. [PMID: 37568190 PMCID: PMC10416461 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-023-00176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is the first record of the alien shrimp Mierspenaeopsis sculptilis in Brazil. The invasion was detected within Marine Extractive Reserves based on eight specimens accidentally caught by local fishermen using trawlnets focused on fisheries of native species. These specimens were transported to the Laboratory of Applied Genetics and morphologically identified as Mierspenaeopsis sculptilis (rainbow shrimp). The taxonomic status of analyzed samples was confirmed by DNA barcoding using a 627-bp fragment of the Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene. RESULTS A single haplotype was recovered from the eight specimens, being identical to a haplotype reported in India, where this species naturally occurs, and in Mozambique, where the rainbow shrimp is considered an invasive species. The present analyses indicated a putative invasive route (i.e., India-Mozambique-Brazil) mediated by shipping trade. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the first record of Mierspenaeopsis sculptilis in Brazil, in areas of extractive reserves on the Amazon coast. Notably exotic species can cause imbalance in the ecosystem, harming native species. In view of this, the registration of new invasions is essential as they contribute to the implementation of control plans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Carvalho de Mesquita
- Laboratory of Fisheries and Navigation, Institute of Coastal Studies, Federal University of Pará, Bragança, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thaís Sousa Martins
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Institute of Coastal Studies, Federal University of Pará, Bragança, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jefferson Miranda de Sousa
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Institute of Coastal Studies, Federal University of Pará, Bragança, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Iracilda da Cunha Sampaio
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Coastal Studies, Federal University of Pará, Bragança, PA, Brazil
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