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Hart NR. Paradoxes: Cholesterol and Hypoxia in Preeclampsia. Biomolecules 2024; 14:691. [PMID: 38927094 PMCID: PMC11201883 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disease of pregnancy of unknown etiology, is intensely studied as a model of cardiovascular disease (CVD) not only due to multiple shared pathologic elements but also because changes that develop over decades in CVD appear and resolve within days in preeclampsia. Those affected by preeclampsia and their offspring experience increased lifetime risks of CVD. At the systemic level, preeclampsia is characterized by increased cellular, membrane, and blood levels of cholesterol; however, cholesterol-dependent signaling, such as canonical Wnt/βcatenin, Hedgehog, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, is downregulated indicating a cholesterol deficit with the upregulation of cholesterol synthesis and efflux. Hypoxia-related signaling in preeclampsia also appears to be paradoxical with increased Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in the placenta but measurably increased oxygen in maternal blood in placental villous spaces. This review addresses the molecular mechanisms by which excessive systemic cholesterol and deficient cholesterol-dependent signaling may arise from the effects of dietary lipid variance and environmental membrane modifiers causing the cellular hypoxia that characterizes preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R Hart
- PeaceHealth St. Joseph Medical Center, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
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Zhao Q, Wu Q, Zhong H, Yan B, Wu J, Guo W. Association of dietary habits with body mass index and waist circumference, and their interaction effect on hypertension. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38178. [PMID: 38758876 PMCID: PMC11098196 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary modifications play a crucial role in blood pressure management, and although body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are significant predictors of hypertension, limited studies have explored their relationship with dietary habits. This cross-sectional study conducted in Ganzhou, China, focused on middle-aged and elderly residents to investigate the correlation between dietary habits and BMI, WC, and their interaction impact on hypertension. The study found that salty and sweet intake correlated positively with BMI and WC, whereas bean and coarse grain intake were negatively correlated. A significant interaction effect was showed between dietary habits, and BMI and WC on hypertension. Specifically, individuals with obesity or central obesity combined with poor dietary habits had higher odds of hypertension. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for nutritional interventions for middle-aged and elderly residents with varying obesity levels for the prevention and treatment of hypertension at the community level. The study concluded that dietary habits are significantly associated with BMI and WC, and poor dietary habits coexistence with obesity or central obesity can increase the prevalence rate of hypertension. Understanding these relationships can help develop strategies to address hypertension through dietary and lifestyle changes, providing valuable insights for healthcare professionals and policymakers to develop effective interventions addressing this growing global health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Medical University, Donguan, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Honghui Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The People’s Hospital of Yudu County, Ganzhou, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hosptial of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jiajian Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hosptial of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wentao Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Donguan, China
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Jieru P, Zhang S, Cai L, Long W, Wang Y, Zhang L, Dong Y, Zhang W, Liao J, Yang C. Dietary choline intake and health outcomes in U.S. adults: exploring the impact on cardiovascular disease, cancer prevalence, and all-cause mortality. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:59. [PMID: 38711145 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline, an indispensable nutrient, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes. The available evidence regarding the nexus between dietary choline intake and health outcomes, encompassing cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and all-cause mortality, is limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the relationship between dietary choline intake and the aforementioned health outcomes in adults aged > 20 years in the U.S. METHODS This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2011 and 2018. Dietary choline intake was evaluated using two 24-h dietary recall interviews. CVD and cancer status were determined through a combination of standardized medical status questionnaires and self-reported physician diagnoses. Mortality data were gathered from publicly available longitudinal Medicare and mortality records. The study utilized survey-weighted logistic and Cox regression analyses to explore the associations between choline consumption and health outcomes. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used for dose‒response estimation and for testing for nonlinear associations. RESULTS In our study of 14,289 participants (mean age 48.08 years, 47.71% male), compared with those in the lowest quintile (Q1), the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of CVD risk in the fourth (Q4) and fifth (Q5) quintiles of choline intake were 0.70 (95% CI 0.52, 0.95) and 0.65 (95% CI 0.47, 0.90), respectively (p for trend = 0.017). Each 100 mg increase in choline intake was associated with a 9% reduced risk of CVD. RCS analysis revealed a linear correlation between choline intake and CVD risk. Moderate choline intake (Q3) was associated with a reduced risk of mortality, with an HR of 0.75 (95% CI 0.60-0.94) compared with Q1. RCS analysis demonstrated a significant nonlinear association between choline intake and all-cause mortality (P for nonlinearity = 0.025). The overall cancer prevalence association was nonsignificant, except for colon cancer, where each 100 mg increase in choline intake indicated a 23% reduced risk. CONCLUSION Elevated choline intake demonstrates an inverse association with CVD and colon cancer, while moderate consumption exhibits a correlated reduction in mortality. Additional comprehensive investigations are warranted to elucidate the broader health implications of choline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jieru
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Cai
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wencheng Long
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Mogilnicka I, Jaworska K, Koper M, Maksymiuk K, Szudzik M, Radkiewicz M, Chabowski D, Ufnal M. Hypertensive rats show increased renal excretion and decreased tissue concentrations of glycine betaine, a protective osmolyte with diuretic properties. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294926. [PMID: 38166023 PMCID: PMC10760924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension leads to water-electrolyte disturbances and end-organ damage. Betaine is an osmolyte protecting cells against electrolyte imbalance and osmotic stress, particularly in the kidneys. This study aimed to evaluate tissue levels and hemodynamic and renal effects of betaine in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Betaine levels were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) in normotensive rats (Wistar-Kyoto, WKYs) and Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (SHRs), a model of genetic hypertension. Acute effects of IV betaine on blood pressure, heart rate, and minute diuresis were evaluated. Gene and protein expression of chosen kidney betaine transporters (SLC6a12 and SLC6a20) were assessed using real-time PCR and Western blot. Compared to normotensive rats, SHRs showed significantly lower concentration of betaine in blood serum, the lungs, liver, and renal medulla. These changes were associated with higher urinary excretion of betaine in SHRs (0.20 ± 0.04 vs. 0.09 ± 0.02 mg/ 24h/ 100g b.w., p = 0.036). In acute experiments, betaine increased diuresis without significantly affecting arterial blood pressure. The diuretic response was greater in SHRs than in WKYs. There were no significant differences in renal expression of betaine transporters between WKYs and SHRs. Increased renal excretion of betaine contributes to decreased concentration of the protective osmolyte in tissues of hypertensive rats. These findings pave the way for studies evaluating a causal relation between depleted betaine and hypertensive organ damage, including kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Mogilnicka
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Jaworska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Koper
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Maksymiuk
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Szudzik
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Radkiewicz
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Chabowski
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ufnal
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Hosseini-Esfahani F, Koochakpoor G, Golzarand M, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Dietary Intakes of Choline and Betaine and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:573-580. [PMID: 37816243 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Our knowledge for the possible link between choline and betaine and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is very limited and contradictory. This study aimed to investigate the prospective association of dietary choline and betaine intakes with the risk of T2D in a group of Tehranian adults. Methods: In this prospective study, 6022 eligible subjects aged ≥18 years were chosen from the participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study in a secondary analysis. Diet was assessed based on a valid and reliable semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. At baseline and follow-up examinations, biochemical and anthropometric variables were assessed. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models was used to estimate the new onset of T2D concerning choline and betaine intake. Results: The mean age ± SD of 2707 men and 3315 women were, respectively, 41.4 ± 14.2 and 39.1 ± 13.1. During a median follow-up of 6.63 years, 528 cases of T2D incidence were diagnosed. Participants with a higher intake of choline had a higher intake of protein, fiber, and B12 and a lower intake of energy and carbohydrates. After controlling of confounders a significant positive association was observed between choline intake and the hazard ratio (HR) of T2D across quartiles of choline intake [HR (CI) in the fourth quartile: 1.25 (1.14-1.38), P trend = 0.01], but this significant finding was not reported for betaine intake. For every 100 milligram increase in choline consumption, the HR of T2D increased significantly in all age, sex, and BMI subgroups. Conclusions: Choline consumption increased the risk of T2D in total population and subgroups. No statistically significant association was found between dietary betaine intake and the risk of T2D in total population and subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdieh Golzarand
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Seryapina AA, Malyavko AA, Polityko YK, Yanshole LV, Tsentalovich YP, Markel AL. Metabolic profile of blood serum in experimental arterial hypertension. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:530-538. [PMID: 37867609 PMCID: PMC10587007 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of essential hypertension is intricate, since it employs simultaneously various body systems related to the regulation of blood pressure in one way or another: the sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal systems, renal and endothelial mechanisms. The pathogenesis of hypertension is influenced by a variety of both genetic and environmental factors, which determines the heterogeneity of the disease in human population. Hence, there is a need to perform research on experimental models - inbred animal strains, one of them being ISIAH rat strain, which is designed to simulate inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension as close as possible to primary (or essential) hypertension in humans. To determine specific markers of diseases, various omics technologies are applied, including metabolomics, which makes it possible to evaluate the content of low-molecular compounds - amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids fragments - in biological samples available for clinical analysis (blood and urine). We analyzed the metabolic profile of the blood serum of male ISIAH rats with a genetic stress-dependent form of arterial hypertension in comparison with the normotensive WAG rats. Using the method of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR spectroscopy), 56 metabolites in blood serum samples were identified, 18 of which were shown to have significant interstrain differences in serum concentrations. Statistical analysis of the data obtained showed that the hypertensive status of ISIAH rats is characterized by increased concentrations of leucine, isoleucine, valine, myo-inositol, isobutyrate, glutamate, glutamine, ornithine and creatine phosphate, and reduced concentrations of 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, betaine, tyrosine and tryptophan. Such a ratio of the metabolite concentrations is associated with changes in the regulation of glucose metabolism (metabolic markers - leucine, isoleucine, valine, myo-inositol), of nitric oxide synthesis (ornithine) and catecholamine pathway (tyrosine), and with inflammatory processes (metabolic markers - betaine, tryptophan), all of these changes being typical for hypertensive status. Thus, metabolic profiling of the stress-dependent form of arterial hypertension seems to be an important result for a personalized approach to the prevention and treatment of hypertensive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Seryapina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Malyavko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yu K Polityko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - L V Yanshole
- International Tomography Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yu P Tsentalovich
- International Tomography Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A L Markel
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Huang RZ, Ma JF, Chen S, Chen YM, Fang AP, Lu XT, Huang ZH, Zhu HL, Huang BX. Associations of serum betaine with blood pressure and hypertension incidence in middle-aged and older adults: a prospective cohort study. Food Funct 2023; 14:4881-4890. [PMID: 37144398 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00325f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of betaine on the development of hypertension remains unclear, and prospective data are sparse. We aimed to investigate the association of serum betaine with repeated measurements of blood pressure (BP) and hypertension incidence. This study was based on the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS), a community-based prospective cohort study in China. Baseline serum betaine was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. BP and hypertension status were assessed at the baseline and 3-year intervals. Linear mixed-effects models (LMEMs) were used to analyze the longitudinal association of serum betaine with BP (n = 1996). Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association of baseline serum betaine with hypertension incidence (n = 1339). LMEMs showed that compared with the lowest quartile group, the higher quartile groups had lower systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse pressure (all P-trend < 0.05). Each standard deviation (16.3 μmol L-1) increase in serum betaine was associated with -0.92 (-1.52, -0.32) mmHg of SBP, -0.49 (-0.84, -0.13) mmHg of DBP and -0.43 (-0.81, -0.05) mmHg of pulse pressure. During a median follow-up of 9.2 years, 371 incident cases of hypertension were identified. Serum betaine was associated with lower risk of hypertension only when comparing the third quartile level with the lowest quartile (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56-0.99). A nonlinear association between serum betaine and the risk of hypertension was found (P-nonlinear = 0.040). A higher serum betaine level was associated with lower risk of hypertension below 54.5 μmol L-1. Our findings suggested that higher serum betaine was associated with favorable blood pressure in middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Higher concentrations of serum betaine were related to lower hypertension risk in people with relatively low serum betaine concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Zhu Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jing-Fei Ma
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ai-Ping Fang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Lu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Zi-Hui Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bi-Xia Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Abbasi MSP, Tousi AZ, Yazdani Y, Vahdat S, Gharebakhshi F, Nikrad N, Manzouri A, Ardekani AM, Jafarzadeh F. Dietary choline and betaine intake, cardio-metabolic risk factors and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among overweight and obese adults. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:67. [PMID: 36973700 PMCID: PMC10041695 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline is an important metabolite involved in phospholipids synthesis, including serum lipids, and is the immediate precursor of betaine. There are numerous studies with inconsistent results that evaluated the association between dietary choline intakes with cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, the association between dietary betaine and choline intakes with cardio-metabolic risk factors is not well studied. In the current study, our aim was to evaluate dietary choline and betaine intakes in the usual diet of obese individuals and to assess its association with serum lipids, blood pressure and glycemic markers among obese individuals. METHODS We recruited a total number of 359 obese people aged between 20 and 50 years in the present study. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used for dietary assessment; dietary choline and betaine intakes were calculated using the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) database. National cholesterol education program adult treatment panel (NCEP-ATP)-III criteria was used metabolic syndrome (MetS) definition. Enzymatic methods were used to assess biochemical variables. Body composition was measured with the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. RESULTS Higher body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), fat-free mass (FFM) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) were observed in higher tertiles of dietary choline intake (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in terms of biochemical parameters among different tertiles of dietary choline intake, while systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were reduced in higher betaine tertiles (P < 0.05). For total dietary choline and betaine intakes, there was a reduction in DBP and low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations (P < 0.05). Also, a non-significant reduction in serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and MetS prevalence was observed in higher tertiles of dietary choline and betaine intakes. After classification of the study population according to MetS status, there was no significant difference in biochemical variables in subjects with MetS (P > 0.05), while in the non-MetS group, SBP, DBP, TG and insulin levels reduced in higher tertiles of dietary betaine and choline (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION According to our findings, higher dietary intakes of choline and betaine were associated with lower levels of blood pressure and LDL concentrations among obese individuals. Further studies are warranted to confirm the results of the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayda Zahiri Tousi
- Razavi Cancer Research Center, Razavi Hospital, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yalda Yazdani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahar Vahdat
- Isfahan Kidney Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Khorshid Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farshad Gharebakhshi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicne, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Nikrad
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Manzouri
- Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abnoos Mokhtari Ardekani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science, & Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Faria Jafarzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran
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Association of Choline Intake with Blood Pressure and Effects of Its Microbiota-Dependent Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide on Hypertension. Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 2022:9512401. [PMID: 36082192 PMCID: PMC9436605 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9512401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association of total choline (TC) intake and its metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) with hypertension and blood pressure (BP) has not been elucidated. Methods For the population study, the association of TC intake with hypertension, as well as blood pressure, was determined through logistic along with multiple linear regression analysis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007 to 2018, respectively. For the animal experimental study, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were assigned to the water group or water containing 333 mg/L or 1 g/L TMAO group. After 22 weeks treatment of TMAO, blood pressure measurement, echocardiography, and histopathology of the heart and arteries were evaluated. Results No significant association of TC with hypertension was observed but the trend for ORs of hypertension was decreased with the increased level of TC. Negative association between TC and BP was significant in quintile 4 and quintile 5 range of TC, and the negative trend was significant. The SHR-TMAO groups showed significant higher urine output levels in contrast with the SHR-water group. No difference of diastolic BP was observed, but there was a trend towards lower systolic BP with the increase doses of TMAO in the SHR group. The SHR 1 g/L TMAO rats had a remarkably lower systolic blood pressure than the SHR-water group. Echocardiography showed a diastolic dysfunction alleviating effect in the 1 g/L TMAO group. Conclusion High TC intake was not linked to elevated risk of hypertension. An inverse relationship of choline intake with systolic BP was observed. The mechanism for the beneficial effect of TC might be associated with the diuretic effect of its metabolite TMAO.
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Wang H, Luo Q, Ding X, Chen L, Zhang Z. Trimethylamine N-oxide and its precursors in relation to blood pressure: A mendelian randomization study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:922441. [PMID: 35935641 PMCID: PMC9354484 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.922441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have demonstrated that trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors, including choline, betaine, and carnitine, are closely associated with blood pressure (BP) changes. Nevertheless, with the limitation of reverse causality and confounder in observational studies, such a relationship remains unclear. We aimed to assess the causal relationship of TMAO and its precursors with BP by the Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach. Method In this study, two-sample MR was used to reveal the causal effect of TMAO and its precursors on BP. Pooled data of TMAO and its precursors was from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) which includes summary data of human metabolome in 2,076 European participants from Framingham Heart Study. Summary-level data for BP was extracted from the International Consortium of Blood Pressure-Genome Wide Association Studies. Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger regression, Maximum likelihood, Weighted median, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test (MR-PRESSO) were used in this MR analysis. Results A total of 160 independent SNP loci were associated with TMAO and three precursors, including 58 associated with TMAO, 29 associated with choline, 44 associated with betaine, and 29 associated with carnitine, were selected. MR results suggested that a 1 unit increase in TMAO should be associated with a 1SD increase in systolic BP mmHg (beta: 0.039, SE, 0.072, p = 0.020). Additionally, our findings also indicated that a 1 unit increase in carnitine should be associated with a 1SD increase in systolic BP mmHg (beta: 0.055, SE: 0.075, p = 0.039). This result was also confirmed by sensitivity analysis methods such as Maximum likelihood, MR-PRESSO, and Weighted median. No effects of betaine or choline on systolic or diastolic BP were observed in the present study. Conclusion Our study provides evidence of a causal relationship of TMAO and its precursors with BP, suggesting that mediating the generation of TMAO would be beneficial for lowering BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xunshi Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lifang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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Omma T, Gulcelik NE, Zengin FH, Karahan I, Culha C. Dietary Acid Load is Associated with Hypertension and Diabetes in the Elderly. Curr Aging Sci 2022; 15:242-251. [PMID: 35346013 DOI: 10.2174/1874609815666220328123744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet can affect the body's acid-base balance due to its content of acid or base precursors. There is conflicting evidence for the role of metabolic acidosis in the development of cardiometabolic disorders, hypertension (HT), and insulin resistance (IR). OBJECTIVE We hypothesize that dietary acid load (DAL) is associated with adverse metabolic risk factors and we aimed to investigate this in the elderly. METHODS A total of 114 elderly participants were included in the study. The participants were divided into four groups such as HT, diabetes (DM), both HT and DM, and healthy controls. Anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical findings were recorded. Potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) results were obtained from three-day, 24-hour dietary records via a nutrient database program. (BeBiS software program). RESULTS The groups were matched for age, gender, and BMI. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of NEAP (p=0.01) and no significant difference for PRAL (p=0.086). The lowest NEAP and PRAL levels were seen in the control group while the highest in the HT group. Both NEAP and PRAL were correlated with waist circumference (r=0,325, p=0.001; r=0,231, p=0,016, respectively). CONCLUSION Our data confirmed that subjects with HT and DM had diets with greater acid-forming potential. High NEAP may be a risk factor for chronic metabolic diseases, particularly HT. PRAL couldn't be shown as a significantly different marker in all participants. Dietary content has a significant contribution to the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors such as HT, DM, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulay Omma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nese Ersoz Gulcelik
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, 06010, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatmanur Humeyra Zengin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Irfan Karahan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kırıkkale, Faculty of Medicine, 71450, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Cavit Culha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Van Parys A, Brække MS, Karlsson T, Vinknes KJ, Tell GS, Haugsgjerd TR, Ueland PM, Øyen J, Dierkes J, Nygård O, Lysne V. Assessment of Dietary Choline Intake, Contributing Food Items, and Associations with One-Carbon and Lipid Metabolites in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: The Hordaland Health Study. J Nutr 2021; 152:513-524. [PMID: 34643705 PMCID: PMC8826836 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline is an essential nutrient for humans and is involved in various physiologic functions. Through its metabolite betaine, it is closely connected to the one-carbon metabolism, and the fat-soluble choline form phosphatidylcholine is essential for VLDL synthesis and secretion in the liver connecting choline to the lipid metabolism. Dietary recommendations for choline are not available in the Nordic countries primarily due to data scarcity. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary intake of total choline and individual choline forms, dietary sources, and the association of total choline intake with circulating one-carbon metabolites and lipids. METHODS We included 5746 participants in the Hordaland Health Study, a survey including community-dwelling adults born in 1925-1927 (mean age 72 y, 55% women) and 1950-1951 (mean age 48 y, 57% women). Dietary data were obtained using a 169-item FFQ, and choline content was calculated using the USDA Database for Choline Content of Common Foods, release 2. Metabolites of the one-carbon and lipid metabolism were measured in a nonfasting blood sample obtained at baseline, and the association with total choline intake was assessed using polynomial splines. RESULTS The geometric mean (95% prediction interval) energy-adjusted total choline intake was 260 (170, 389) mg/d, with phosphatidylcholine being the main form (44%). The major food items providing dietary choline were eggs, low-fat milk, potatoes, and leafy vegetables. Dietary total choline was inversely associated with circulating concentrations of total homocysteine, glycine, and serine and positively associated with choline, methionine, cystathionine, cysteine, trimethyllysine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and dimethylglycine. A weak association was observed between choline intake and serum lipids. CONCLUSIONS Phosphatidylcholine was the most consumed choline form in community-dwelling adults in Norway. Our findings suggest that choline intake is associated with the concentration of most metabolites involved in the one-carbon and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Sandvik Brække
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Therese Karlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Teresa R Haugsgjerd
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Jutta Dierkes
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vegard Lysne
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Taesuwan S, Thammapichai P, Ganz AB, Jirarattanarangsri W, Khemacheewakul J, Leksawasdi N. Associations of choline intake with hypertension and blood pressure among older adults in cross-sectional 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) differ by BMI and comorbidity status. Br J Nutr 2021; 128:1-9. [PMID: 34380582 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) is a known cardiovascular risk factor that is hypothesised to be inversely related to choline intake. A previous study suggested that this association may be more apparent in older adults and may differ according to demographic and health characteristics. The primary study objectives are to investigate the cross-sectional associations of total choline intake with BP (n 843) and prevalent hypertension (n 2113) among USA adults aged ≥ 65 years using the sample from the 2011 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic and multiple linear regression models for complex surveys were employed for hypertension status and BP, respectively. Effect modification by sex, race, BMI and comorbidity status were separately investigated using an interaction term. Choline intake interacted with BMI (P-interaction = 0·04) such that choline intake tended to be associated with lower odds of hypertension among people with BMI < 18·5 kg/m2 (OR (95 % CI): 0·64 (0·4, 1·00); P = 0·052). Choline intake was not associated with systolic BP (mean ± sem change per 100 mg of choline: -1·03 ± 0·74 mmHg; P = 0·16). In contrast, its relation to diastolic BP differed by cardiovascular comorbidity (P-interaction = 0·03) with a non-significant (P = 0·13) negative direction of association observed among those who were free of comorbidities and a non-significant (P = 0·26) positive direction observed among those with comorbidities. Collectively, these results suggested that the associations of choline intake with BP levels and hypertension risk among older adults are dependent on other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraphat Taesuwan
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Ariel B Ganz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Julaluk Khemacheewakul
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Noppol Leksawasdi
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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